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Delgado S, Curiel L, Li S, Pichardo S. Higher harmonics dynamic focalization in single-element ring transducers using biaxial driving. ULTRASONICS 2023; 133:107051. [PMID: 37276698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biaxial driving is a new driving technique that allows the steering of the ultrasound field generated by a single-element piezoceramic transducer. Because of their natural axisymmetric geometry, ultrasound generation with ring transducers can take advantage of the biaxial driving to change the focus of the beam generated by this type of transducer using only two driving signals. In this study, we applied the biaxial driving technique into a single-element PZT ring transducer operating at 500 kHz to produce a change in size and position of the focal spot while using the 1st (482 kHz), 3rd (1.362 MHz) and 5th (2.62 MHz) harmonic excitation. The transducer had a thickness of 2.85 mm, an inner diameter of 9.75 mm and a ring width of 2.0 mm, and two pairs of electrodes as required for biaxial driving. Simulation and experimental results showed that both the focal area and the distance at which the focal area centre was located changed as a function of the phase and power difference between the two driving signals. Experimental results showed that the focal area could be reduced from 31.6 mm2 (conventional driving) to 3.4 mm2 (89 % reduction) when using the first harmonic excitation. For the third harmonic, the focal area could be reduced from 4.0 mm2 (conventional driving) to 3.3 mm2 (17.5 % reduction). For the fifth harmonic, the focal area could be reduced from 1.7 mm2 (conventional driving) to 1 mm2 (41.7 % reduction). Results also demonstrated the centre of the focus could be displaced between 3.0 mm and 9.3 mm from the surface of the transducer when using the first harmonic, between 7.3 mm and 8.4 mm at the third harmonic, and between 4.9 mm and 8.2 mm at the fifth harmonic. The reduction in the focus area, as well as the possibility to displace the focus dynamically will be advantageous for preclinical applications of focused ultrasound, especially on drug delivery and neuromodulation studies in small rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagid Delgado
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Laura Curiel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Siyun Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Samuel Pichardo
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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Saniour I, Robb FJL, Taracila V, Mishra V, Vincent J, Voss HU, Kaplitt MG, Chazen JL, Winkler SA. Characterization of a Low-Profile, Flexible, and Acoustically Transparent Receive-Only MRI Coil Array for High Sensitivity MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound. IEEE ACCESS : PRACTICAL INNOVATIONS, OPEN SOLUTIONS 2022; 10:25062-25072. [PMID: 35600672 PMCID: PMC9119199 DOI: 10.1109/access.2022.3154824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a non-invasive therapeutic modality for neurodegenerative diseases that employs real-time imaging and thermometry monitoring of targeted regions. MRI is used in guidance of ultrasound treatment; however, the MR image quality in current clinical applications is poor when using the vendor built-in body coil. We present an 8-channel, ultra-thin, flexible, and acoustically transparent receive-only head coil design (FUS-Flex) to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and thus the quality of MR images during MRgFUS procedures. Acoustic simulations/experiments exhibit transparency of the FUS-Flex coil as high as 97% at 650 kHz. Electromagnetic simulations show a SNR increase of 13× over the body coil. In vivo results show an increase of the SNR over the body coil by a factor of 7.3 with 2× acceleration (equivalent to 11× without acceleration) in the brain of a healthy volunteer, which agrees well with simulation. These preliminary results show that the use of a FUS-Flex coil in MRgFUS surgery can increase MR image quality, which could yield improved focal precision, real-time intraprocedural anatomical imaging, and real-time 3D thermometry mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Saniour
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | - Vishwas Mishra
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jana Vincent
- MR Engineering, GE Healthcare Coils, Aurora, OH 44202, USA
| | - Henning U Voss
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael G Kaplitt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J Levi Chazen
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Simone Angela Winkler
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Spivak NM, Sanguinetti JL, Monti MM. Focusing in on the Future of Focused Ultrasound as a Translational Tool. Brain Sci 2022; 12:158. [PMID: 35203922 PMCID: PMC8870102 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This article summarizes the field of focused ultrasound for use in neuromodulation and discusses different ways of targeting, delivering, and validating focused ultrasound. A discussion is focused on parameter space and different ongoing theories of ultrasonic neuromodulation. Current and future applications of the technique are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman M. Spivak
- UCLA—Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joseph L. Sanguinetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Martin M. Monti
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Hou X, Qiu Z, Xian Q, Kala S, Jing J, Wong KF, Zhu J, Guo J, Zhu T, Yang M, Sun L. Precise Ultrasound Neuromodulation in a Deep Brain Region Using Nano Gas Vesicles as Actuators. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101934. [PMID: 34546652 PMCID: PMC8564444 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound is a promising new modality for non-invasive neuromodulation. Applied transcranially, it can be focused down to the millimeter or centimeter range. The ability to improve the treatment's spatial resolution to a targeted brain region could help to improve its effectiveness, depending upon the application. The present paper details a neurostimulation scheme using gas-filled nanostructures, gas vesicles (GVs), as actuators for improving the efficacy and precision of ultrasound stimuli. Sonicated primary neurons display dose-dependent, repeatable Ca2+ responses, closely synced to stimuli, and increased nuclear expression of the activation marker c-Fos in the presence of GVs. GV-mediated ultrasound triggered rapid and reversible Ca2+ responses in vivo and could selectively evoke neuronal activation in a deep-seated brain region. Further investigation indicate that mechanosensitive ion channels are important mediators of this effect. GVs themselves and the treatment scheme are also found not to induce significant cytotoxicity, apoptosis, or membrane poration in treated cells. Altogether, this study demonstrates a simple and effective method to achieve enhanced and better-targeted neurostimulation with non-invasive low-intensity ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuandi Hou
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Zhihai Qiu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Quanxiang Xian
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Shashwati Kala
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Jianing Jing
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Kin Fung Wong
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Jiejun Zhu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Jinghui Guo
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Minyi Yang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
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Henchcliffe C, Sarva H. Restoring Function to Dopaminergic Neurons: Progress in the Development of Cell-Based Therapies for Parkinson's Disease. CNS Drugs 2020; 34:559-577. [PMID: 32472450 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-020-00727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is escalating interest in cell-based therapies to restore lost dopamine inputs in Parkinson's disease. This is based upon the rationale that implanting dopamine progenitors into the striatum can potentially improve dopamine-responsive motor symptoms. A rich body of data describing clinical trials of previous cell transplantation exists. These have included multiple cell sources for transplantation including allogeneic (human embryonic mesencephalic tissue, retinal pigment epithelial cells) and autologous (carotid body, adrenal medullary tissue) cells, as well as xenotransplantation. However, there are multiple limitations related to these cell sources, including availability of adequate numbers of cells for transplant, heterogeneity within cells transplanted, imprecisely defined mechanisms of action, and poor cell survival after transplantation in some cases. Nonetheless, evidence has accrued from a subset of trials to support the rationale for such a regenerative approach. Recent rapid advances in stem cell technology may now overcome these prior limitations. For example, dopamine neuron precursor cells for transplant can be generated from induced pluripotent cells and human embryonic stem cells. The benefits of these innovative approaches include: the possibility of scalability; a high degree of quality control; and improved understanding of mechanisms of action with rigorous preclinical testing. In this review, we focus on the potential for cell-based therapies in Parkinson's disease to restore the function of dopaminergic neurons, we critically review previous attempts to harness such strategies, we discuss potential benefits and predicted limitations, and we address how previous roadblocks may be overcome to bring a cell-based approach to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Henchcliffe
- Department of Neurology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 428 East 72nd Street, Suite 400, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Harini Sarva
- Department of Neurology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 428 East 72nd Street, Suite 400, New York, NY, 10021, USA
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