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Pazuelo J, Juez JY, Moumane H, Pyrzowski J, Mayor L, Segura-Quijano FE, Valderrama M, Le Van Quyen M. Evaluating the Electroencephalographic Signal Quality of an In-Ear Wearable Device. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3973. [PMID: 38931756 PMCID: PMC11207223 DOI: 10.3390/s24123973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Wearable in-ear electroencephalographic (EEG) devices hold significant promise for advancing brain monitoring technologies into everyday applications. However, despite the current availability of several in-ear EEG devices in the market, there remains a critical need for robust validation against established clinical-grade systems. In this study, we carried out a detailed examination of the signal performance of a mobile in-ear EEG device from Naox Technologies. Our investigation had two main goals: firstly, evaluating the hardware circuit's reliability through simulated EEG signal experiments and, secondly, conducting a thorough comparison between the in-ear EEG device and gold-standard EEG monitoring equipment. This comparison assesses correlation coefficients with recognized physiological patterns during wakefulness and sleep, including alpha rhythms, eye artifacts, slow waves, spindles, and sleep stages. Our findings support the feasibility of using this in-ear EEG device for brain activity monitoring, particularly in scenarios requiring enhanced comfort and user-friendliness in various clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Pazuelo
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB) Inserm U1146, Sorbonne Université, UMR7371 CNRS, 15 Rue de l’Ecole de Medecine, 75006 Paris, France; (J.P.); (J.Y.J.); (H.M.)
| | - Jose Yesith Juez
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB) Inserm U1146, Sorbonne Université, UMR7371 CNRS, 15 Rue de l’Ecole de Medecine, 75006 Paris, France; (J.P.); (J.Y.J.); (H.M.)
| | - Hanane Moumane
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB) Inserm U1146, Sorbonne Université, UMR7371 CNRS, 15 Rue de l’Ecole de Medecine, 75006 Paris, France; (J.P.); (J.Y.J.); (H.M.)
| | - Jan Pyrzowski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical Unversity of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Liliana Mayor
- ONIROS SAS–Comprehensive Sleep Care Center, Bogotá 110221, Colombia;
| | | | - Mario Valderrama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Michel Le Van Quyen
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB) Inserm U1146, Sorbonne Université, UMR7371 CNRS, 15 Rue de l’Ecole de Medecine, 75006 Paris, France; (J.P.); (J.Y.J.); (H.M.)
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Hansen N, Wiltfang J. Fluid biomarkers unveil signatures of pathological aging. Seizure 2024:S1059-1311(24)00158-4. [PMID: 38871529 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifaceted and highly varied process in the brain. Identifying aging biomarkers is one means of distinguishing pathological from physiological aging. The aim of this narrative review is to focus on two new developments in the field of fluid biomarkers and draw attention to this excellent tool for the early detection of potential brain pathologies that delay, alter, or enable physiological aging to become pathological. Pathological aging can lower the threshold for the development of specific diseases such as late-onset epilepsy. Fluid biomarkers can reveal pathological levels at an early stage and thus indicate disease processes in the brain that begin before symptoms develop; they thus differ from physiological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany; Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Olkhova EA, Smith LA, Dennis BH, Ng YS, LeBeau FEN, Gorman GS. Delineating mechanisms underlying parvalbumin neuron impairment in different neurological and neurodegenerative disorders: the emerging role of mitochondrial dysfunction. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:553-565. [PMID: 38563502 PMCID: PMC11088917 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Given the current paucity of effective treatments in many neurological disorders, delineating pathophysiological mechanisms among the major psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases may fuel the development of novel, potent treatments that target shared pathways. Recent evidence suggests that various pathological processes, including bioenergetic failure in mitochondria, can perturb the function of fast-spiking, parvalbumin-positive neurons (PV+). These inhibitory neurons critically influence local circuit regulation, the generation of neuronal network oscillations and complex brain functioning. Here, we survey PV+ cell vulnerability in the major neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative diseases and review associated cellular and molecular pathophysiological alterations purported to underlie disease aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta A. Olkhova
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Laura A. Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Bethany H. Dennis
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Yi Shiau Ng
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, U.K
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Fiona E. N. LeBeau
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Gráinne S. Gorman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, U.K
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
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Brigo F, Lattanzi S. Diagnosing epileptic seizures in patients with Alzheimer's disease and deciding on the appropriate treatment plan. Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:361-370. [PMID: 38426448 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2325038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the predominant cause of dementia and a significant contributor to morbidity among the elderly. Patients diagnosed with AD face an increased risk of epileptic seizures. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors review the challenges in the diagnosis of seizures in patients with AD, the risks of seizures related to medications used in AD and the pharmacological treatment of seizures in AD. The authors also provide the reader with their expert opinion on the subject matter and future perspectives. EXPERT OPINION Healthcare professionals should maintain a vigilant approach to suspecting seizures in AD patients. Acute symptomatic seizures triggered by metabolic disturbances, infections, toxins, or drug-related factors often have a low risk of recurrence. In such cases, addressing the underlying cause may suffice without initiating antiseizure medications (ASMs). However, unprovoked seizures in certain AD patients carry a higher risk of recurrence over time, warranting the use of ASMs. Although data is limited, both lamotrigine and levetiracetam appear to be reasonable choices for controlling seizures in elderly AD patients. Decisions should be informed by the best available evidence, the treating physician's clinical experience, and the patient's preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Brigo
- Innovation, Research and Teaching Service (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Simona Lattanzi
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
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Chen L, Yang W, Yang F, Yu Y, Xu T, Wang D, Zhao Q, Wu Q, Han Y. The crosstalk between epilepsy and dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 152:109640. [PMID: 38301455 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy and dementia are bidirectional. The purpose of this review was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of and to identify the risk factors for epilepsy in patients with dementia and dementia in patients with epilepsy. METHODS We retrieved the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science databases through January 2023. Two individuals screened the articles, extracted the data, and used a random effects model to pool the estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS From 3475 citations, 25 articles were included. The prevalence of seizures/epilepsy was 4% among dementia patients and 3% among Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. For vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia, the pooled period prevalence of seizures/epilepsy was 6%, 3%, and 2%, respectively. Baseline early-onset AD was associated with the highest risk of 5-year epilepsy (pooled hazard ratios: 4.06; 95% CI: 3.25-5.08). Dementia patients had a 2.29-fold greater risk of seizures/epilepsy than non-dementia patients (95% CI: 1.37-3.83). Moreover, for baseline epilepsy, the pooled prevalence of dementia was 17% (95% CI: 10-25%), and that of AD was 15% (95% CI: 9-21%). The pooled results suggested that epilepsy is associated with a greater risk of dementia (risk ratio: 2.83, 95% CI: 1.64-4.88). CONCLUSIONS There are still gaps in epidemiology regarding the correlation between dementia types and epilepsy, vascular risk factors, and the impact of antiseizure medication or cognitive improvement drugs on epilepsy and AD comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Wenqian Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Yanying Yu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Tingwan Xu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Yanbing Han
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China.
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Vicente M, Addo-Osafo K, Vossel K. Latest advances in mechanisms of epileptic activity in Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy Bodies. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1277613. [PMID: 38390593 PMCID: PMC10882721 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1277613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) stand as the prevailing sources of neurodegenerative dementia, impacting over 55 million individuals across the globe. Patients with AD and DLB exhibit a higher prevalence of epileptic activity compared to those with other forms of dementia. Seizures can accompany AD and DLB in early stages, and the associated epileptic activity can contribute to cognitive symptoms and exacerbate cognitive decline. Aberrant neuronal activity in AD and DLB may be caused by several mechanisms that are not yet understood. Hyperexcitability could be a biomarker for early detection of AD or DLB before the onset of dementia. In this review, we compare and contrast mechanisms of network hyperexcitability in AD and DLB. We examine the contributions of genetic risk factors, Ca2+ dysregulation, glutamate, AMPA and NMDA receptors, mTOR, pathological amyloid beta, tau and α-synuclein, altered microglial and astrocytic activity, and impaired inhibitory interneuron function. By gaining a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms that cause neuronal hyperexcitability, we might uncover therapeutic approaches to effectively ease symptoms and slow down the advancement of AD and DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Vicente
- Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer's Research and Care, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kwaku Addo-Osafo
- Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer's Research and Care, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Keith Vossel
- Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer's Research and Care, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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