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Lim SY, Tan AH, Ahmad-Annuar A, Okubadejo NU, Lohmann K, Morris HR, Toh TS, Tay YW, Lange LM, Bandres-Ciga S, Mata I, Foo JN, Sammler E, Ooi JCE, Noyce AJ, Bahr N, Luo W, Ojha R, Singleton AB, Blauwendraat C, Klein C. Uncovering the genetic basis of Parkinson's disease globally: from discoveries to the clinic. Lancet Neurol 2024:S1474-4422(24)00378-8. [PMID: 39447588 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge on the genetic basis of Parkinson's disease has grown tremendously since the discovery of the first monogenic form, caused by a mutation in α-synuclein, and with the subsequent identification of multiple other causative genes and associated loci. Genetic studies provide insights into the phenotypic heterogeneity and global distribution of Parkinson's disease. By shedding light on the underlying biological mechanisms, genetics facilitates the identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Several clinical trials of genetics-informed therapies are ongoing or imminent. International programmes in populations who have been under-represented in Parkinson's disease genetics research are fostering collaboration and capacity-building, and have already generated novel findings. Many challenges remain for genetics research in these populations, but addressing them provides opportunities to obtain a more complete and equitable understanding of Parkinson's disease globally. These advances facilitate the integration of genetics into the clinic, to improve patient management and personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yang Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and The Mah Pooi Soo & Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's & Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ai Huey Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and The Mah Pooi Soo & Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's & Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azlina Ahmad-Annuar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Njideka Ulunma Okubadejo
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos and Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Tzi Shin Toh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, and The Mah Pooi Soo & Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's & Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yi Wen Tay
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lara M Lange
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Luebeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ignacio Mata
- Lerner Research Institute, Genomic Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Esther Sammler
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Joshua Chin Ern Ooi
- Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Alastair J Noyce
- Centre for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Natascha Bahr
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Luebeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rajeev Ojha
- Department of Neurology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Luebeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
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Huang Y, Yao K, Zhang Q, Huang X, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Yu X. Bioelectronics for electrical stimulation: materials, devices and biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:8632-8712. [PMID: 39132912 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00413b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectronics is a hot research topic, yet an important tool, as it facilitates the creation of advanced medical devices that interact with biological systems to effectively diagnose, monitor and treat a broad spectrum of health conditions. Electrical stimulation (ES) is a pivotal technique in bioelectronics, offering a precise, non-pharmacological means to modulate and control biological processes across molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ levels. This method holds the potential to restore or enhance physiological functions compromised by diseases or injuries by integrating sophisticated electrical signals, device interfaces, and designs tailored to specific biological mechanisms. This review explains the mechanisms by which ES influences cellular behaviors, introduces the essential stimulation principles, discusses the performance requirements for optimal ES systems, and highlights the representative applications. From this review, we can realize the potential of ES based bioelectronics in therapy, regenerative medicine and rehabilitation engineering technologies, ranging from tissue engineering to neurological technologies, and the modulation of cardiovascular and cognitive functions. This review underscores the versatility of ES in various biomedical contexts and emphasizes the need to adapt to complex biological and clinical landscapes it addresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kuanming Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xingcan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenlin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Barbosa RMG, Soares MC, Portela DMMC, Guimarães TG, Cury RG. New Perspectives of Deep Brain Stimulation Indications for Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Review. Brain Sci 2024; 14:638. [PMID: 39061379 PMCID: PMC11274985 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment option for patients with dopaminergic complications of Parkinson's disease (PD) and drug-refractory PD tremor. However, DBS and its indications can be challenging, and they are not often debated in the medical community. Through a critical narrative review, the objective of this paper is to improve the comprehension of DBS indications and help to solve the puzzle that this process can be. Proper patient selection is the first step for a good surgical outcome. In this review, then, relevant considerations are discussed, involving PD genes, PD phenotypes, indications of early stages, non-motor symptoms, neuroimaging predictors, comorbidities, and age. Individualized approaches are encouraged, including clinical and radiological factors. Social support during the whole follow-up and expectations alignment are necessary through this process and are also debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Montes Garcia Barbosa
- Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil; (R.M.G.B.); (M.C.S.); (T.G.G.)
| | - Miriam Carvalho Soares
- Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil; (R.M.G.B.); (M.C.S.); (T.G.G.)
| | - Denise Maria Meneses Cury Portela
- Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Centro Universitário Uninovafapi (UNINOVAFAPI), Teresina 64073505, Brazil;
| | - Thiago Gonçalves Guimarães
- Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil; (R.M.G.B.); (M.C.S.); (T.G.G.)
| | - Rubens Gisbert Cury
- Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil; (R.M.G.B.); (M.C.S.); (T.G.G.)
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Hong J, Xie H, Chen Y, Liu D, Wang T, Xiong K, Mao Z. Effects of STN-DBS on cognition and mood in young-onset Parkinson's disease: a two-year follow-up. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 15:1177889. [PMID: 38292047 PMCID: PMC10824910 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1177889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) on the cognition and mood of patients with PD are still not uniformly concluded, and young-onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD) is even less explored. Objective To observe the effectiveness of STN-DBS on the cognition and mood of YOPD patients. Methods A total of 27 subjects, with a mean age at onset of 39.48 ± 6.24 and age at surgery for STN-DBS of 48.44 ± 4.85, were followed up preoperatively and for 2 years postoperatively. Using the Unified Parkinson disease rating scale (UPDRS), H&Y(Hoehn and Yahr stage), 39-Item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) to assess motor, cognition, and mood. Results At the 2-year follow-up after STN-DBS, YOPD patients showed significant improvements in motor and quality of life (UPDRS III: p < 0.001, PDQ-39: p < 0.001); overall cognition was not significantly different from preoperative (MMSE: p = 0.275, MoCA: p = 0.913), although language function was significantly impaired compared to preoperative (MMSE: p = 0.004, MoCA: p = 0.009); depression and anxiety symptoms also improved significantly (HAMD: p < 0.001, HAMA: p < 0.001) and the depression score correlated significantly with motor (preoperative: r = 0.493, p = 0.009), disease duration (preoperative: r = 0.519, p = 0.006; postoperative: r = 0.406, p = 0.036) and H&Y (preoperative: r = 0.430, p = 0.025; postoperative: r = 0.387, p = 0.046); total anxiety scores were also significantly correlated with motor (preoperative: r = 0.553, p = 0.003; postoperative: r = 0.444, p = 0.020), disease duration (preoperative: r = 0.417, p = 0.031), PDQ-39 (preoperative: r = 0.464, p = 0.015) and H&Y (preoperative: r = 0.440, p = 0.022; postoperative: r = 0.526, p = 0.005). Conclusion STN-DBS is a safe and effective treatment for YOPD. The mood improved significantly, and overall cognition was not impaired, were only verbal fluency decreased but did not affect the improvement in quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiqi Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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