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Awad K, Ahuja N, Yacoub AS, Brotto L, Young S, Mikos A, Aswath P, Varanasi V. Revolutionizing bone regeneration: advanced biomaterials for healing compromised bone defects. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1217054. [PMID: 37520216 PMCID: PMC10376722 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1217054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we explore the application of novel biomaterial-based therapies specifically targeted towards craniofacial bone defects. The repair and regeneration of critical sized bone defects in the craniofacial region requires the use of bioactive materials to stabilize and expedite the healing process. However, the existing clinical approaches face challenges in effectively treating complex craniofacial bone defects, including issues such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and soft tissue loss. Given that a significant portion of individuals affected by traumatic bone defects in the craniofacial area belong to the aging population, there is an urgent need for innovative biomaterials to address the declining rate of new bone formation associated with age-related changes in the skeletal system. This article emphasizes the importance of semiconductor industry-derived materials as a potential solution to combat oxidative stress and address the challenges associated with aging bone. Furthermore, we discuss various material and autologous treatment approaches, as well as in vitro and in vivo models used to investigate new therapeutic strategies in the context of craniofacial bone repair. By focusing on these aspects, we aim to shed light on the potential of advanced biomaterials to overcome the limitations of current treatments and pave the way for more effective and efficient therapeutic interventions for craniofacial bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Awad
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Neelam Ahuja
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Ahmed S. Yacoub
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Leticia Brotto
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Simon Young
- Katz Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Antonios Mikos
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Center for Excellence in Tissue Engineering, J.W. Cox Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pranesh Aswath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Venu Varanasi
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
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Boonrawd W, Awad KR, Varanasi V, Meletis EI. Wettability and in-vitro study of titanium surface profiling prepared by electrolytic plasma processing. SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY 2021; 414:127119. [PMID: 34966191 PMCID: PMC8713727 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytic plasma processing (EPP) was used to create hydrophilic surface profiles on titanium. The wettability, surface morphology characteristics and chemical composition of the treated samples were studied as a function of EPP processing parameters. The EPP profiled surfaces comprised of a characteristic "hills and valleys" morphology because of continuous surface melting and freezing cycles. A bimodal surface profile was produced with 2-3 μm height hills and valleys with nano-roughness (≤200 nm). The produced profile resulted in a significant contact angle decrease (from 38.7° to 5.4°). Ratios of actual surface area to projection area (r) and fraction of solid surface remaining dry (φ) were obtained from profilometry. The surface characteristics and large r values produced by EPP were able to induce hemi-wicking. Hence, EPP produced superhydrophilic surfaces on Ti. The bioactivity of EPP treated Ti was evaluated using cell free and MC3T3 cells in-vitro studies. The treated Ti surface significantly increased the bioactivity and formed stoichiometric hydroxyapatite after immersion in a bone cell culture medium for 21 days. Cells' attachment and proliferation studies indicated that EPP treated surface significantly enhances the cells' adhesion and growth after 24 and 48 h compared to the untreated surface. The results show that Ti surface profiling by EPP constitutes a promising method to potentially improve bone implant bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisanu Boonrawd
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Kamal R. Awad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Bone Muscle Research Center, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Venu Varanasi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Bone Muscle Research Center, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Efstathios I. Meletis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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