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Huang Y, Chen H, Zhang L, Xie Y, Li C, Yu Z, Jiang Z, Zheng W, Li Z, Ge X, Liang Y, Wu Z. Design of Novel 18F-Labeled Amino Acid Tracers Using Sulfur 18F-Fluoride Exchange Click Chemistry. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:294-301. [PMID: 38352831 PMCID: PMC10860173 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
[18F]Gln-OSO2F, [18F]Arg-OSO2F, and [18F]FSY-OSO2F were designed by introducing sulfonyl 18F-fluoride onto glutamine, arginine, and tyrosine, respectively. [18F]FSY-OSO2F can be prepared directly by sulfur 18F-fluoride exchange, while [18F]Gln-OSO2F and [18F]Arg-OSO2F require a two-step labeling method. Those tracers retain their typical transport characteristics for unmodified amino acids. Both PET imaging and biodistribution confirmed that [18F]FSY-OSO2F visualized MCF-7 and 22Rv1 subcutaneous tumors with high contrast, and its tumor-to-muscle ratio was better than that of [18F]FET. However, [18F]Gln-OSO2F and [18F]Arg-OSO2F poorly image MCF-7 subcutaneous tumors, possibly due to differences in the types and amounts of transporters expressed in tumors. All three tracers can visualize the U87MG glioma. According to our biological evaluation, none of the tracers evaluated in this study exhibited obvious defluorination, and subtle structural changes led to different imaging characteristics, indicating that the application of sulfur 18F-fluoride exchange click chemistry in the design of radioactive sulfonyl fluoride amino acids is feasible and offers significant advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research
Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union
Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Hualong Chen
- Beijing
Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry
of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain
Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Beijing
Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry
of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain
Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Beijing
Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry
of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain
Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chengze Li
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research
Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union
Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Ziyue Yu
- Beijing
Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry
of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain
Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zeng Jiang
- Beijing
Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry
of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain
Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Beijing
Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry
of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain
Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhongjing Li
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research
Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union
Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Xuan Ge
- Beijing
Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry
of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain
Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research
Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union
Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Zehui Wu
- Beijing
Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry
of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain
Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Knippenberg N, Bauwens M, Schijns O, Hoogland G, Florea A, Rijkers K, Cleij TJ, Eersels K, van Grinsven B, Diliën H. Visualizing GABA transporters in vivo: an overview of reported radioligands and future directions. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:42. [PMID: 37171631 PMCID: PMC10182260 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-00992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
By clearing GABA from the synaptic cleft, GABA transporters (GATs) play an essential role in inhibitory neurotransmission. Consequently, in vivo visualization of GATs can be a valuable diagnostic tool and biomarker for various psychiatric and neurological disorders. Not surprisingly, in recent years several research attempts to develop a radioligand have been conducted, but so far none have led to suitable radioligands that allow imaging of GATs. Here, we provide an overview of the radioligands that were developed with a focus on GAT1, since this is the most abundant transporter and most of the research concerns this GAT subtype. Initially, we focus on the field of GAT1 inhibitors, after which we discuss the development of GAT1 radioligands based on these inhibitors. We hypothesize that the radioligands developed so far have been unsuccessful due to the zwitterionic nature of their nipecotic acid moiety. To overcome this problem, the use of non-classical GAT inhibitors as basis for GAT1 radioligands or the use of carboxylic acid bioisosteres may be considered. As the latter structural modification has already been used in the field of GAT1 inhibitors, this option seems particularly viable and could lead to the development of more successful GAT1 radioligands in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Knippenberg
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Matthias Bauwens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf Schijns
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Epileptology (ACE), Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Govert Hoogland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandru Florea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Rijkers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Epileptology (ACE), Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Cleij
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper Eersels
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van Grinsven
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne Diliën
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Jain S, Dhingra VK. An overview of radiolabeled amino acid tracers in oncologic imaging. Front Oncol 2023; 13:983023. [PMID: 36874105 PMCID: PMC9981995 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.983023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging has witnessed a great progress in the field of oncology over the past few decades. Radiolabeled amino acid (AA) tracers are particularly helpful in the areas where the utility of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography with computed tomography imaging has been limited such as in evaluating brain tumors, neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and prostate cancer. Radiolabeled AA tracers such as 6-[18F]-L-fluoro-L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-FDOPA), 18F-fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine (18F-FET), and 11C-methionine have found wide applications in brain tumors, which, unlike 18F-FDG, concentrate in the tumor tissue to a greater extent than that in normal brain tissue by providing accurate information about tumor volume and boundaries. 18F-FDOPA is also useful in evaluating NETs. Tracers such as 18F-FACBC (Fluciclovine) and anti-1-amino-2-[18F]fluorocyclopentyl-1-carboxylic acid (18F-FACPC) are used in imaging of prostate cancer and provide valuable information of locoregional, recurrent, and metastatic disease. This review highlights AA tracers and their major applications in imaging, viz., in evaluating brain tumors, NETs, and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchay Jain
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Vandana Kumar Dhingra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
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Wang C, Lin R, Yao S. Recent Advances in 18F-Labeled Amino Acids Synthesis and Application. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102207. [PMID: 36297641 PMCID: PMC9609324 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiolabeled amino acids are an important class of agents for positron emission tomography imaging that target amino acid transporters in many tumor types. Traditional 18F-labeled amino acid synthesis strategies are always based on nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions with multistep radiosynthesis and low radiochemical yields. In recent years, new 18F-labeling methodologies such as metal-catalyzed radiofluorination and heteroatom (B, P, S, Si, etc.)-18F bond formation are being effectively used to synthesize radiopharmaceuticals. This review focuses on recent advances in the synthesis, radiolabeling, and application of a series of 18F-labeled amino acid analogs using new 18F-labeling strategies.
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Radiolabeling and Biological Evaluation of Novel 99mTc-Nitrido and 99mTc-Oxo Complexes with 4-Methoxy- L-Phenylalanine Dithiocarbamate for Tumor Imaging. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102196. [PMID: 36297631 PMCID: PMC9607073 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop novel radiolabeled amino acid tumor imaging agents, 4-methoxy-L-phenylalanine dithiocarbamate (MOPADTC) was synthesized successfully, and two kinds of 99mTc-labeled complexes ([99mTc]TcN-MOPADTC and [99mTc]TcO-MOPADTC) with high radiochemical purities (RCP > 95%) were obtained. The in vitro stability and partition coefficient were determined, and the results show that both of these complexes have good in vitro stability; [99mTc]TcO-MOPADTC is hydrophilic, while [99mTc]TcN-MOPADTC is slightly lipophilic. The biodistribution of [99mTc]TcN-MOPADTC and [99mTc]TcO-MOPADTC in mice bearing S180 tumors shows that the tumor uptake and tumor/muscle ratio of [99mTc]TcO-MOPADTC were higher than the tumor uptake and tumor/muscle ratio of [99mTc]TcN-MOPADTC. In addition, the tumor retention of [99mTc]TcO-MOPADTC is better than the tumor retention of [99mTc]TcN-MOPADTC. A competitive inhibition assay was performed, and the results indicate that [99mTc]TcO-MOPADTC may enter cells primarily via the L-alanine/L-serine/L-cysteine (ASC) system. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of [99mTc]TcO-MOPADTC shows obvious accumulation in tumor sites, suggesting that [99mTc]TcO-MOPADTC is a novel potential tumor-imaging agent.
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Huang Y, Zhang L, Wang M, Li C, Zheng W, Chen H, Liang Y, Wu Z. Optimization of Precursor Synthesis Conditions of (2S,4S)4–[18F]FPArg and Its Application in Glioma Imaging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080946. [PMID: 36015094 PMCID: PMC9416586 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the tracer (2S,4S)4–[18F]FPArg is expected to provide a powerful imaging method for the diagnosis and treatment of clinical tumors, it has not been realized due to the low yield of chemical synthesis and radiolabeling. A simple synthetic method for the radiolabeled precursor of (2S,4S)4–[18F]FPArg in stable yield was obtained by adjusting the sequence of the synthetic steps. Furthermore, the biodistribution experiments confirmed that (2S,4S)4–[18F]FPArg could be cleared out quickly in wild type mouse. Cell uptake experiments and U87MG tumor mouse microPET–CT imaging experiments showed that the tumor had high uptake of (2S,4S)4–[18F]FPArg and the clearance was slow, but (2S,4S)4–[18F]FPArg was rapidly cleared in normal brain tissue. MicroPET–CT imaging of nude mice bearing orthotopic HS683–Luc showed that (2S,4S)4–[18F]FPArg can penetrate blood–brain barrier and image gliomas with a high contrast. Therefore, (2S,4S)4–[18F]FPArg is expected to be further applied in the diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of clinical glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China; (Y.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Lu Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (L.Z.); (W.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - Meng Wang
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Chengze Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China; (Y.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Wei Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (L.Z.); (W.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - Hualong Chen
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (L.Z.); (W.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China; (Y.H.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zehui Wu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (L.Z.); (W.Z.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Z.W.)
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Wu S, Liu M, Wen J, Chen L, Lu J, Li L, Yang Y, Dong Y, Dong L, Dong Y. Hybrid molecules of scutellarein and 3, 5, 6-trimethylpyrazine-2-formic acid linked with polar amino acid for ischemic stroke. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02892-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Santo G, Laudicella R, Linguanti F, Nappi AG, Abenavoli E, Vergura V, Rubini G, Sciagrà R, Arnone G, Schillaci O, Minutoli F, Baldari S, Quartuccio N, Bisdas S. The Utility of Conventional Amino Acid PET Radiotracers in the Evaluation of Glioma Recurrence also in Comparison with MRI. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040844. [PMID: 35453892 PMCID: PMC9027186 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM In this comprehensive review we present an update on the most relevant studies evaluating the utility of amino acid PET radiotracers for the evaluation of glioma recurrence as compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS A literature search extended until June 2020 on the PubMed/MEDLINE literature database was conducted using the terms "high-grade glioma", "glioblastoma", "brain tumors", "positron emission tomography", "PET", "amino acid PET", "[11C]methyl-l-methionine", "[18F]fluoroethyl-tyrosine", "[18F]fluoro-l-dihydroxy-phenylalanine", "MET", "FET", "DOPA", "magnetic resonance imaging", "MRI", "advanced MRI", "magnetic resonance spectroscopy", "perfusion-weighted imaging", "diffusion-weighted imaging", "MRS", "PWI", "DWI", "hybrid PET/MR", "glioma recurrence", "pseudoprogression", "PSP", "treatment-related change", and "radiation necrosis" alone and in combination. Only original articles edited in English and about humans with at least 10 patients were included. RESULTS Forty-four articles were finally selected. Conventional amino acid PET tracers were demonstrated to be reliable diagnostic techniques in differentiating tumor recurrence thanks to their high uptake from tumor tissue and low background in normal grey matter, giving additional and early information to standard modalities. Among them, MET-PET seems to present the highest diagnostic value but its use is limited to on-site cyclotron facilities. [18F]labelled amino acids, such as FDOPA and FET, were developed to provide a more suitable PET tracer for routine clinical applications, and demonstrated similar diagnostic performance. When compared to the gold standard MRI, amino acid PET provides complementary and comparable information to standard modalities and seems to represent an essential tool in the differentiation between tumor recurrence and other entities such as pseudoprogression, radiation necrosis, and pseudoresponse. CONCLUSIONS Despite the introduction of new advanced imaging techniques, the diagnosis of glioma recurrence remains challenging. In this scenario, the growing knowledge about imaging techniques and analysis, such as the combined PET/MRI and the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), could represent promising tools to face this difficult and debated clinical issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Santo
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.S.); (A.G.N.); (G.R.)
| | - Riccardo Laudicella
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.L.); (F.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Flavia Linguanti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.L.); (E.A.); (V.V.); (R.S.)
| | - Anna Giulia Nappi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.S.); (A.G.N.); (G.R.)
| | - Elisabetta Abenavoli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.L.); (E.A.); (V.V.); (R.S.)
| | - Vittoria Vergura
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.L.); (E.A.); (V.V.); (R.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Rubini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.S.); (A.G.N.); (G.R.)
| | - Roberto Sciagrà
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.L.); (E.A.); (V.V.); (R.S.)
| | - Gaspare Arnone
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, A.R.N.A.S. Ospedali Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (N.Q.)
| | - Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fabio Minutoli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.L.); (F.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Sergio Baldari
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.L.); (F.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Natale Quartuccio
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, A.R.N.A.S. Ospedali Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (N.Q.)
| | - Sotirios Bisdas
- Department of Neuroradiology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Correspondence:
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Chao MN, Chezal JM, Debiton E, Canitrot D, Witkowski T, Levesque S, Degoul F, Tarrit S, Wenzel B, Miot-Noirault E, Serre A, Maisonial-Besset A. A Convenient Route to New (Radio)Fluorinated and (Radio)Iodinated Cyclic Tyrosine Analogs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020162. [PMID: 35215275 PMCID: PMC8877694 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of radiolabeled non-natural amino acids can provide high contrast SPECT/PET metabolic imaging of solid tumors. Among them, radiohalogenated tyrosine analogs (i.e., [123I]IMT, [18F]FET, [18F]FDOPA, [123I]8-iodo-L-TIC(OH), etc.) are of particular interest. While radioiodinated derivatives, such as [123I]IMT, are easily available via electrophilic aromatic substitutions, the production of radiofluorinated aryl tyrosine analogs was a long-standing challenge for radiochemists before the development of innovative radiofluorination processes using arylboronate, arylstannane or iodoniums salts as precursors. Surprisingly, despite these methodological advances, no radiofluorinated analogs have been reported for [123I]8-iodo-L-TIC(OH), a very promising radiotracer for SPECT imaging of prostatic tumors. This work describes a convenient synthetic pathway to obtain new radioiodinated and radiofluorinated derivatives of TIC(OH), as well as their non-radiolabeled counterparts. Using organotin compounds as key intermediates, [125I]5-iodo-L-TIC(OH), [125I]6-iodo-L-TIC(OH) and [125I]8-iodo-L-TIC(OH) were efficiently prepared with good radiochemical yield (RCY, 51–78%), high radiochemical purity (RCP, >98%), molar activity (Am, >1.5–2.9 GBq/µmol) and enantiomeric excess (e.e. >99%). The corresponding [18F]fluoro-L-TIC(OH) derivatives were also successfully obtained by radiofluorination of the organotin precursors in the presence of tetrakis(pyridine)copper(II) triflate and nucleophilic [18F]F− with 19–28% RCY d.c., high RCP (>98.9%), Am (20–107 GBq/µmol) and e.e. (>99%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Noelia Chao
- Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.N.C.); (J.-M.C.); (E.D.); (D.C.); (T.W.); (S.L.); (F.D.); (S.T.); (E.M.-N.); (A.S.)
| | - Jean-Michel Chezal
- Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.N.C.); (J.-M.C.); (E.D.); (D.C.); (T.W.); (S.L.); (F.D.); (S.T.); (E.M.-N.); (A.S.)
| | - Eric Debiton
- Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.N.C.); (J.-M.C.); (E.D.); (D.C.); (T.W.); (S.L.); (F.D.); (S.T.); (E.M.-N.); (A.S.)
| | - Damien Canitrot
- Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.N.C.); (J.-M.C.); (E.D.); (D.C.); (T.W.); (S.L.); (F.D.); (S.T.); (E.M.-N.); (A.S.)
| | - Tiffany Witkowski
- Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.N.C.); (J.-M.C.); (E.D.); (D.C.); (T.W.); (S.L.); (F.D.); (S.T.); (E.M.-N.); (A.S.)
| | - Sophie Levesque
- Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.N.C.); (J.-M.C.); (E.D.); (D.C.); (T.W.); (S.L.); (F.D.); (S.T.); (E.M.-N.); (A.S.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Françoise Degoul
- Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.N.C.); (J.-M.C.); (E.D.); (D.C.); (T.W.); (S.L.); (F.D.); (S.T.); (E.M.-N.); (A.S.)
| | - Sébastien Tarrit
- Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.N.C.); (J.-M.C.); (E.D.); (D.C.); (T.W.); (S.L.); (F.D.); (S.T.); (E.M.-N.); (A.S.)
| | - Barbara Wenzel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Research Site Leipzig, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Elisabeth Miot-Noirault
- Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.N.C.); (J.-M.C.); (E.D.); (D.C.); (T.W.); (S.L.); (F.D.); (S.T.); (E.M.-N.); (A.S.)
| | - Audrey Serre
- Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.N.C.); (J.-M.C.); (E.D.); (D.C.); (T.W.); (S.L.); (F.D.); (S.T.); (E.M.-N.); (A.S.)
| | - Aurélie Maisonial-Besset
- Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR 1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.N.C.); (J.-M.C.); (E.D.); (D.C.); (T.W.); (S.L.); (F.D.); (S.T.); (E.M.-N.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Enhancing the accumulation level of 3-[ 18F]fluoro-L-α-methyltyrosine in tumors by preloading probenecid. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 104-105:47-52. [PMID: 34896813 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 3-[18F]fluoro-α-methyl-L-tyrosine ([18F]FAMT) is a promising amino acid tracer targeting L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1). One concern regarding the diagnosis using [18F]FAMT is the possibility of false-negative findings because of its relatively low accumulation level even in malignant tumors. Moreover, preloading probenecid, an organic anion transporter inhibitor, markedly increased the tumor accumulation level of radioiodine-labeled α-methyltyrosine. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of preloading probenecid in improving the tumor-imaging capability of [18F]FAMT. METHODS Three biodistribution studies of [18F]FAMT were conducted in normal mice to elucidate the usefulness of probenecid preloading. Later, a biodistribution study and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of [18F]FAMT were conducted with or without probenecid injection in tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS Probenecid preloading significantly delayed blood clearance and consequently enhanced the accumulation of [18F]FAMT in the pancreas, a LAT1-positive organ. The effects of probenecid preloading were independent of the administration route. Tumor accumulation level in the biodistribution study and the maximum standardized uptake value in tumors on PET imaging of the probenecid preloading group were significantly higher than those of the control (without probenecid injection) group in tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS Preloading probenecid significantly delayed blood clearance and consequently enhanced the accumulation of [18F]FAMT in tumors. These results indicate that preloading probenecid could improve the diagnostic accuracy of [18F]FAMT.
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11
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Dong Y, Wu S, Liu M, Huang J, Mao Y, Zhang J, Yang Z, Li L, Liu G, Liao S, Dong L. Conjugates of Tetramethylpyrazine’ metabolites and amino acid as potential antiplatelet agents. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Radionuclide-Based Imaging of Breast Cancer: State of the Art. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215459. [PMID: 34771622 PMCID: PMC8582396 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumors, possessing high incidence and mortality rates that threaten women’s health. Thus, early and effective breast cancer diagnosis is crucial for enhancing the survival rate. Radionuclide molecular imaging displays its advantages for detecting breast cancer from a functional perspective. Noninvasive visualization of biological processes with radionuclide-labeled small metabolic compounds helps elucidate the metabolic state of breast cancer, while radionuclide-labeled ligands/antibodies for receptor-targeted radionuclide molecular imaging is sensitive and specific for visualization of the overexpressed molecular markers in breast cancer. This review focuses on the most recent developments of novel radiotracers as promising tools for early breast cancer diagnosis. Abstract Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that can affect women worldwide and endanger their health and wellbeing. Early detection of breast cancer can significantly improve the prognosis and survival rate of patients, but with traditional anatomical imagine methods, it is difficult to detect lesions before morphological changes occur. Radionuclide-based molecular imaging based on positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) displays its advantages for detecting breast cancer from a functional perspective. Radionuclide labeling of small metabolic compounds can be used for imaging biological processes, while radionuclide labeling of ligands/antibodies can be used for imaging receptors. Noninvasive visualization of biological processes helps elucidate the metabolic state of breast cancer, while receptor-targeted radionuclide molecular imaging is sensitive and specific for visualization of the overexpressed molecular markers in breast cancer, contributing to early diagnosis and better management of cancer patients. The rapid development of radionuclide probes aids the diagnosis of breast cancer in various aspects. These probes target metabolism, amino acid transporters, cell proliferation, hypoxia, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) and so on. This article provides an overview of the development of radionuclide molecular imaging techniques present in preclinical or clinical studies, which are used as tools for early breast cancer diagnosis.
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Morgan TF, Riley LM, Tavares AAS, Sutherland A. Automated Radiosynthesis of cis- and trans-4-[ 18F]Fluoro-l-proline Using [ 18F]Fluoride. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14054-14060. [PMID: 33913318 PMCID: PMC8524414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The positron emission tomography imaging agents cis- and trans-4-[18F]fluoro-l-proline are used for the detection of numerous diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis and various carcinomas. These imaging agents are typically prepared by nucleophilic fluorination of 4-hydroxy-l-proline derivatives, with [18F]fluoride, followed by deprotection. Although effective radiofluorination reactions have been developed, the overall radiosynthesis process is suboptimal due to deprotection methods that are performed manually, require multiple steps, or involve harsh conditions. Here we describe the development of two synthetic routes that allow access to precursors, which undergo highly selective radiofluorination reactions and rapid deprotection, under mild acidic conditions. These methods were found to be compatible with automation, avoiding manual handling of radioactive intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timaeus
E. F. Morgan
- BHF-University
Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne M. Riley
- WestCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, The Joseph Black Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Adriana A. S. Tavares
- BHF-University
Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Sutherland
- WestCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, The Joseph Black Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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14
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Lin L, Xiang X, Su S, Liu S, Xiong Y, Ma H, Yuan G, Nie D, Tang G. Biological Evaluation of [ 18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU as a Positron Emission Tomography Tracer for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Chem 2021; 9:630452. [PMID: 33937189 PMCID: PMC8085524 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.630452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: N-(2-[18F]fluoropropionyl)-L-glutamate ([18F]FPGLU) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) imaging has been performed in our previous studies, but its radiosynthesis method and stability in vivo need to be improved. Hence, we evaluated the synthesis and biological properties of a simple [18F]-labeled glutamate analog, [18F]AlF-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic-acid-2-S-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-l-glutamate ([18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU), for HCC imaging. Procedures: [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU was synthesized via a one-step reaction sequence from NOTA-NSC-GLU. In order to investigate the imaging value of [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU in HCC, we conducted positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging and competitive binding of [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU in human Hep3B tumor-bearing mice. The transport mechanism of [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU was determined by competitive inhibition and protein incorporation experiments in vitro. Results: [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU was prepared with an overall radiochemical yield of 29.3 ± 5.6% (n = 10) without decay correction within 20 min. In vitro competitive inhibition experiments demonstrated that the Na+-dependent systems XAG-, B0+, ASC, and minor XC- were involved in the uptake of [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU, with the Na+-dependent system XAG- possibly playing a more dominant role. Protein incorporation studies of the Hep3B human hepatoma cell line showed almost no protein incorporation. Micro-PET/CT imaging with [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU showed good tumor-to-background contrast in Hep3B human hepatoma-bearing mouse models. After [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU injection, the tumor-to-liver uptake ratio of [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU was 2.06 ± 0.17 at 30 min post-injection. In vivo competitive binding experiments showed that the tumor-to-liver uptake ratio decreased with the addition of inhibitors to block the XAG system. Conclusions: We have successfully synthesized [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU as a novel PET tracer with good radiochemical yield and high radiochemical purity. Our findings indicate that [18F]AlF-NOTA-NSC-GLU may be a potential candidate for HCC imaging. Also, a further biological evaluation is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Lin
- Department of Radiology Intervention and Medical Imaging, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhong Xiang
- Department of Radiology Intervention and Medical Imaging, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Su
- Department of Radiology Intervention and Medical Imaging, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyu Liu
- Department of Radiology Intervention and Medical Imaging, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Radiology Intervention and Medical Imaging, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Radiology Intervention and Medical Imaging, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongjun Yuan
- Department of Radiology Intervention and Medical Imaging, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dahong Nie
- Department of Radiology Intervention and Medical Imaging, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ganghua Tang
- Department of Radiology Intervention and Medical Imaging, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Medical Radiopharmaceuticals Translational Application, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanfang PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Borja AJ, Hancin EC, Raynor WY, Ayubcha C, Detchou DK, Werner TJ, Revheim ME, Alavi A. A Critical Review of PET Tracers Used for Brain Tumor Imaging. PET Clin 2021; 16:219-231. [PMID: 33589386 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The brain is a common site for metastases as well as primary tumors. Although evaluation of these malignancies with contrast-enhanced MR imaging defines current clinical practice, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET has shown considerable utility in this area. In addition, many other tracers targeting various aspects of tumor biology have been developed and tested. This article discusses recent developments in PET imaging and the anticipated role of FDG and other tracers in the assessment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J Borja
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emily C Hancin
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - William Y Raynor
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 West Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Cyrus Ayubcha
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Donald K Detchou
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thomas J Werner
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mona-Elisabeth Revheim
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo 0372, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Problemveien 7, Oslo 0315, Norway
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Abstract
The major applications for molecular imaging with PET in clinical practice concern cancer imaging. Undoubtedly, 18F-FDG represents the backbone of nuclear oncology as it remains so far the most widely employed positron emitter compound. The acquired knowledge on cancer features, however, allowed the recognition in the last decades of multiple metabolic or pathogenic pathways within the cancer cells, which stimulated the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals. An endless list of PET tracers, substantially covering all hallmarks of cancer, has entered clinical routine or is being investigated in diagnostic trials. Some of them guard significant clinical applications, whereas others mostly bear a huge potential. This chapter summarizes a selected list of non-FDG PET tracers, described based on their introduction into and impact on clinical practice.
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17
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Feskov IO, Golub BO, Vashchenko BV, Levterov VV, Kondratov IS, Grygorenko OO, Haufe G. GABA Analogues and Related Mono-/Bifunctional Building Blocks Derived from the Fluorocyclobutane Scaffold. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Illia O. Feskov
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska Street 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry; NAS of Ukraine; Murmanska Street 1 02660 Kyiv Ukraine
| | | | - Bohdan V. Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska Street 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska Street 60 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | | | - Ivan S. Kondratov
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska Street 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska Street 60 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska Street 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska Street 60 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Waldeyerstraße 15 48149 Münster Germany
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18
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Guerrero I, Correa A. Site‐Selective Trifluoromethylation Reactions of Oligopeptides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Guerrero
- Department of Organic Chemistry IUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda. Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Arkaitz Correa
- Department of Organic Chemistry IUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda. Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
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19
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Wu R, Liu S, Liu Y, Sun Y, Cheng X, Huang Y, Yang Z, Wu Z. Synthesis and biological evaluation of [18F](2S,4S)4-(3-fluoropropyl) arginine as a tumor imaging agent. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Hybrid molecules of scutellarein and tertramethylpyrazine's active metabolites for ischemic stroke. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126608. [PMID: 31444086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of hybrid molecules of scutellarein and tertramethylpyrazine's active metabolites have been synthesized. Compared to the original compound, these prepared compounds exhibited higher water solubility, more appropriate logP and better stability. Importantly, compounds 11b, 11d and 11e showed improved neuroprotective activity against the H2O2-induced cell death in PC12 cells, and better antithrombosis activity. The optimized compound 11b was further evaluated by cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, the results showed that the compound could significantly reduce the infarct area and decrease the neuronal cell damage in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Overall, we demonstrated that the twin drug strategy could be applied in the development of agents for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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21
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Abstract
Abstract
The halogens bromine and iodine have similar chemical properties and undergo similar reactions due to their closeness in Group 17 of the periodic chart. There are a number of bromine and iodine radionuclides that have properties useful for diagnosis and therapy of human diseases. The emission properties of radiobromine and radioiodine nuclides with half-lives longer than 1 h are summarized along with properties that make radionuclides useful in PET/SPECT imaging and β/Auger therapy, such that the reader can assess which of the radionuclides might be useful for medical applications. An overview of chemical approaches that have been used to radiolabel molecules with radiobromine and radioiodine nuclides is provided with examples. Further, references to a large variety of different organ/cancer-targeting agents utilizing the radiolabeling approaches described are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Scott Wilbur
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Box 355016 , University of Washington , 616 N.E. Northlake Place , Seattle, WA 98105 , USA
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22
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Hanaoka H, Ohshima Y, Yamaguchi A, Suzuki H, Ishioka NS, Higuchi T, Arano Y, Tsushima Y. Novel 18F-Labeled α-Methyl-Phenylalanine Derivative with High Tumor Accumulation and Ideal Pharmacokinetics for Tumor-Specific Imaging. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3609-3616. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Hanaoka
- Department of Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ohshima
- Project “Medical Radioisotope Application”, Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Quantum Beam Advanced Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Takasaki 370-1292, Japan
| | - Aiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Noriko S. Ishioka
- Project “Medical Radioisotope Application”, Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Quantum Beam Advanced Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Takasaki 370-1292, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yasushi Arano
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
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23
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Morlot M, Gourand F, Perrio C. Deoxyradiofluorination Reaction from β-Hydroxy-α-aminoesters: an Entry to [ 18
F]Fluoroaminoesters under Mild Conditions. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Morlot
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, FRE2001-ISTCT, LDM-TEP, Cyceron; Boulevard Henri Becquerel 14000 Caen France
| | - Fabienne Gourand
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, FRE2001-ISTCT, LDM-TEP, Cyceron; Boulevard Henri Becquerel 14000 Caen France
| | - Cécile Perrio
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, FRE2001-ISTCT, LDM-TEP, Cyceron; Boulevard Henri Becquerel 14000 Caen France
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24
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Huang Y, Liu S, Wu R, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Hong H, Zhang A, Xiao H, Liu Y, Wu Z, Zhu L, Kung HF. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of a novel glutamine derivative: (2S,4S)4-[ 18F]FEBGln. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1047-1050. [PMID: 30871772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the preparation of a novel glutamine derivative, (2S,4S)-2,5-diamino-4-(4-(2-fluoroethoxy)benzyl)-5-oxopentanoic acid, (2S, 4S)4-[18F]FEBGln ([18F]4), through efficient organic and radiosyntheses. In vitro assays of [18F]4 using MCF-7 cells showed that it entered cells via multiple amino acid transporter systems including system L and ASC2 transporters but not through the system A transporter. [18F]4 showed promising properties for tumor imaging and may serve as a lead compound for further optimizing and targeting the system L transporter associated with enhanced glutamine metabolism in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Song Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Renbo Wu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haiyan Hong
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Aili Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zehui Wu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hank F Kung
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, United States.
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Verhoeven J, Hulpia F, Kersemans K, Bolcaen J, De Lombaerde S, Goeman J, Descamps B, Hallaert G, Van den Broecke C, Deblaere K, Vanhove C, Van der Eycken J, Van Calenbergh S, Goethals I, De Vos F. New fluoroethyl phenylalanine analogues as potential LAT1-targeting PET tracers for glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2878. [PMID: 30814660 PMCID: PMC6393465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([18F]FET) as a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for brain tumor imaging might have some limitations because of the relatively low affinity for the L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1). To assess the stereospecificity and evaluate the influence of aromatic ring modification of phenylalanine LAT1 targeting tracers, six different fluoroalkylated phenylalanine analogues were synthesized. After in vitro Ki determination, the most promising compound, 2-[18F]-2-fluoroethyl-L-phenylalanine (2-[18F]FELP), was selected for further evaluation and in vitro comparison with [18F]FET. Subsequently, 2-[18F]FELP was assessed in vivo and compared with [18F]FET and [18F]FDG in a F98 glioblastoma rat model. 2-[18F]FELP showed improved in vitro characteristics over [18F]FET, especially when the affinity and specificity for system L is concerned. Based on our results, 2-[18F]FELP is a promising new PET tracer for brain tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabian Hulpia
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ken Kersemans
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Bolcaen
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Jan Goeman
- Laboratory for Organic and Bio-organic synthesis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Descamps
- IBiTech-MEDISIP Ghent University, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Giorgio Hallaert
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Karel Deblaere
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- IBiTech-MEDISIP Ghent University, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic and Bio-organic synthesis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ingeborg Goethals
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip De Vos
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Liu S, Ma H, Zhang Z, Lin L, Yuan G, Tang X, Nie D, Jiang S, Yang G, Tang G. Synthesis of enantiopure 18F-trifluoromethyl cysteine as a structure-mimetic amino acid tracer for glioma imaging. Theranostics 2019; 9:1144-1153. [PMID: 30867821 PMCID: PMC6401404 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although 11C-labelled sulfur-containing amino acids (SAAs) including L-methyl-[11C]methionine and S-[11C]-methyl-L-cysteine, are attractive tracers for glioma positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, their applications are limited by the short half-life of the radionuclide 11C (t1/2 = 20.4 min). However, development of 18F-labelled SAAs (18F, t1/2 = 109.8 min) without significant structural changes or relying on prosthetic groups remains to be a great challenge due to the absence of adequate space for chemical modification. Methods: We herein present 18F-trifluoromethylated D- and L-cysteines which were designed by replacing the methyl group with 18F-trifluoromethyl group using a structure-based bioisosterism strategy. These two enantiomers were synthesized stereoselectively from serine-derived cyclic sulfamidates via a nucleophilic 18F-trifluoromethylthiolation reaction followed by a deprotection reaction. Furthermore, we conducted preliminary in vitro and in vivo studies to investigate the feasibility of using 18F-trifluoromethylated cysteines as PET tracers for glioma imaging. Results: The two-step radiosynthesis provided the desired products in excellent enantiopurity (ee > 99%) with 14% ± 3% of radiochemical yield. In vitro cell study demonstrated that both enantiomers were taken up efficiently by C6 tumor cells and were mainly transported by systems L and ASC. Among them, the D-enantiomer exhibited relatively good stability and high tumor-specific accumulation in the animal studies. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that 18F-trifluoromethylated D-cysteine, a new SAA tracer, may be a potential candidate for glioma imaging. Taken together, our study represents a first step toward developing 18F-trifluoromethylated cysteines as structure-mimetic tracers for PET tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanwen Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongjun Yuan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Tang
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Dahong Nie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shende Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganghua Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
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Wu Z, Ma J, Brownell AL, Wang H, Li C, Meng X, Yuan L, Liu H, Li S, Xie J. Synthesis and evaluation of an N-[ 18F]fluorodeoxyglycosyl amino acid for PET imaging of tumor metabolism. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 66:40-48. [PMID: 30248568 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The limitations of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG), including producing false-positive or -negative results, low image contrast in brain tumor diagnosis and poor differentiation of tumor and inflammatory, necessitate the development of new radiopharmaceuticals. In the present study, a novel [18F]fluoroglycoconjugate tracer, [18F]FDGly-NH-Phe, for tumor metabolism imaging was prepared and evaluated. METHODS [18F]FDGly-NH-Phe was prepared by condensing [18F]FDG with L-4-aminophenylalanine in an acidic condition, and purified with semi-preparative-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The in vitro stability study was conducted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 4.0-9.18) at room temperature (RT) and in fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 37 °C. The preliminary cellular uptake studies were performed using Hep-2 cell. The bio-distribution studies, PET/CT imaging and metabolism studies were performed and compared with [18F]FDG on ICR or BALB/c nude model mice. RESULTS [18F]FDGly-NH-Phe was derived from a direct condensation of [18F]FDG with L-4-aminophenylalanine with high stability in FBS and PBS (pH of 6.5-9.18). In vitro cell experiments showed that [18F]FDGly-NH-Phe uptake in Hep-2 cells was primarily transported through amino acid transporters including Na+-dependent A system, ASC system, and system B0,+ system. The bio-distribution of [18F]FDGly-NH-Phe in normal ICR mice showed faster blood radioactivity clearance, and lower uptake in brain and heart than [18F]FDG. The performance of PET/CT imaging for [18F]FDGly-NH-Phe in the mice model manifested excellent tumor visualization, high tumor-to-background ratios, and low accumulation in inflammatory lesions. Metabolism studies for [18F]FDGly-NH-Phe indicated high in vivo stability in plasma and urine and decomposition into [18F]FDG in the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that [18F]FDGly-NH-Phe as a novel amino acid PET tracer showed the capability to differentiate tumor from inflammation, and the potentials for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Molecular Imaging Precision Medical Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxin Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Hongliang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China; Molecular Imaging Precision Medical Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaomin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaxia Meng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China; Molecular Imaging Precision Medical Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China; Molecular Imaging Precision Medical Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Xie
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.
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Castellucci P, Nanni C, Ambrosini V. Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Prostate Cancer in the Elderly. Semin Nucl Med 2018; 48:541-547. [PMID: 30322480 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increasing life expectancy, the diagnosis of malignancy and treatment of elderly patients is becoming more common. Prostate cancer is particularly frequent in this setting. Many different approaches are now available, but some of them imply significant risks or collateral effects. In those patients an accurate evaluation of risk-to-benefit ratio is needed, and functional imaging such as PET/CT is important for the clinician to make the appropriate choice. PET/CT in prostate cancer is a well-tolerated procedure that can be used to accurately assess the tumor extent during the entire clinical history of the disease. Nowadays there are several available radiopharmaceuticals for prostate cancer PET/CT imaging, each one with specific advantages and disadvantages. The two most promising and more widely employed in the clinical setting are 18F-Flucyclovine and 68Ga-PSMA. This paper will provide an overview of these two tracers for imaging prostate cancer in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Castellucci
- Metropolitan Nuclear Medicine, AOU S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Nanni
- Metropolitan Nuclear Medicine, AOU S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Ambrosini
- Metropolitan Nuclear Medicine, AOU S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Haematology and Oncology (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
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Straightforward synthesis of fluorinated amino acids by Michael addition of ethyl bromodifluoroacetate to α,β-unsaturated α-amino acid derivatives. J Fluor Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Radiological evaluation of response to immunotherapy in brain tumors: Where are we now and where are we going? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 126:135-144. [PMID: 29759556 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Kondratov IS, Logvinenko IG, Tolmachova NA, Morev RN, Kliachyna MA, Clausen F, Daniliuc CG, Haufe G. Synthesis and physical chemical properties of 2-amino-4-(trifluoromethoxy)butanoic acid - a CF 3O-containing analogue of natural lipophilic amino acids. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:672-679. [PMID: 27976770 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02436j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
2-Amino-2-(trifluoromethoxy)butanoic acid (O-trifluoromethyl homoserine) was synthesized as a racemate and in both enantiomeric forms. The measured pKa and log D values establish the compound as a promising analogue of natural aliphatic amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Kondratov
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska St 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine. and Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Str. 1, Kyiv, 02660, Ukraine
| | - Ivan G Logvinenko
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska St 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine. and Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Str. 1, Kyiv, 02660, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya A Tolmachova
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska St 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine. and Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Str. 1, Kyiv, 02660, Ukraine
| | - Roman N Morev
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska St 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine.
| | | | - Florian Clausen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, Münster 48149, Germany. and Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, Universität Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Hybrid MR-PET of brain tumours using amino acid PET and chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 45:1031-1040. [PMID: 29478081 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-3940-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE PET using radiolabelled amino acids has become a promising tool in the diagnostics of gliomas and brain metastasis. Current research is focused on the evaluation of amide proton transfer (APT) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MR imaging for brain tumour imaging. In this hybrid MR-PET study, brain tumours were compared using 3D data derived from APT-CEST MRI and amino acid PET using O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (18F-FET). METHODS Eight patients with gliomas were investigated simultaneously with 18F-FET PET and APT-CEST MRI using a 3-T MR-BrainPET scanner. CEST imaging was based on a steady-state approach using a B1 average power of 1μT. B0 field inhomogeneities were corrected a Prametric images of magnetisation transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) and differences to the extrapolated semi-solid magnetisation transfer reference method, APT# and nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE#), were calculated. Statistical analysis of the tumour-to-brain ratio of the CEST data was performed against PET data using the non-parametric Wilcoxon test. RESULTS A tumour-to-brain ratio derived from APT# and 18F-FET presented no significant differences, and no correlation was found between APT# and 18F-FET PET data. The distance between local hot spot APT# and 18F-FET were different (average 20 ± 13 mm, range 4-45 mm). CONCLUSION For the first time, CEST images were compared with 18F-FET in a simultaneous MR-PET measurement. Imaging findings derived from18F-FET PET and APT CEST MRI seem to provide different biological information. The validation of these imaging findings by histological confirmation is necessary, ideally using stereotactic biopsy.
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Akin-Akintayo O, Tade F, Mittal P, Moreno C, Nieh PT, Rossi P, Patil D, Halkar R, Fei B, Master V, Jani AB, Kitajima H, Osunkoya AO, Ormenisan-Gherasim C, Goodman MM, Schuster DM. Prospective evaluation of fluciclovine ( 18F) PET-CT and MRI in detection of recurrent prostate cancer in non-prostatectomy patients. Eur J Radiol 2018; 102:1-8. [PMID: 29685521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the disease detection rate, diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement of fluciclovine (18F) PET-CT and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMR) in recurrent prostate cancer. METHODS Twenty-four patients with biochemical failure after non-prostatectomy definitive therapy, 16/24 of whom had undergone brachytherapy, underwent fluciclovine PET-CT and mpMR with interpretation by expert readers blinded to patient history, PSA and other imaging results. Reference standard was established via a multidisciplinary truth panel utilizing histology and clinical follow-up (22.9 ± 10.5 months) and emphasizing biochemical control. The truth panel was blinded to investigative imaging results. Diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement (kappa) for the prostate and extraprostatic regions were calculated for each of 2 readers for PET-CT (P1 and P2) and 2 different readers for mpMR (M1 and M2). RESULTS On a whole body basis, the detection rate for fluciclovine PET-CT was 94.7% (both readers), while it ranged from 31.6-36.8% for mpMR. Kappa for fluciclovine PET-CT was 0.90 in the prostate and 1.0 in the extraprostatic regions. For mpMR, kappa was 0.25 and 0.74, respectively. In the prostate, 22/24 patients met the reference standard with 13 malignant and 9 benign results. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) were 100.0%, 11.1% and 61.9%, respectively for both PET readers. For mpMR readers, values ranged from 15.4-38.5% for sensitivity, 55.6-77.8% for specificity and 50.0-55.6% for PPV. For extraprostatic disease determination, 18/24 patients met the reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity and PPV were 87.5%, 90.0% and 87.5%, respectively, for fluciclovine PET-CT, while for mpMR, sensitivity ranged from 50 to 75%, specificity 70-80% and PPV 57-75%. CONCLUSION The disease detection rate for fluciclovine PET-CT in non-prostatectomy patients with biochemical failure was 94.7% versus 31.6-36.8% for mpMR. For extraprostatic disease detection, fluciclovine PET-CT had overall better diagnostic performance than mpMR. For the treated prostate, fluciclovine PET-CT had high sensitivity though low specificity for disease detection, while mpMR had higher specificity, though low sensitivity. Interobserver agreement was also higher with fluciclovine PET-CT compared with mpMR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Funmilayo Tade
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Pardeep Mittal
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Courtney Moreno
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Peter T Nieh
- Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Peter Rossi
- Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Raghuveer Halkar
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Baowei Fei
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Viraj Master
- Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ashesh B Jani
- Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Hiroumi Kitajima
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Adeboye O Osunkoya
- Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Claudia Ormenisan-Gherasim
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark M Goodman
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - David M Schuster
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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Goodman MM, Yu W, Jarkas N. Synthesis and biological properties of radiohalogenated α,α-disubstituted amino acids for PET and SPECT imaging of amino acid transporters (AATs). J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:272-290. [PMID: 29143354 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-18 and iodine-123 labeled nonnatural alicyclic and methyl branched disubstituted α,α-amino acids are a diverse and useful class of tumor imaging agents suitable for positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography. These tracers target the increased expression of the cell membrane amino acid transporter systems L, ASC, and A exhibited by many human tumor cells. The most established clinical use for these radiolabeled amino acids is imaging primary and recurrent gliomas and primary, recurrent, and metastatic prostate cancer. This review focuses on the synthesis, radiolabeling, and amino acid transport mechanism of a series of nonnatural fluorine-18 and iodine-123 labeled analogs of 1-aminocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid, 1-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid, α-aminoisobutyric acid, and α-methylaminoisobutyric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Goodman
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Systems Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Weiping Yu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Systems Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nashwa Jarkas
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Systems Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Zanoni L, Bossert I, Matti A, Schiavina R, Pultrone C, Fanti S, Nanni C. A review discussing fluciclovine ( 18F) PET/CT imaging in the detection of recurrent prostate cancer. Future Oncol 2018; 14:1101-1115. [PMID: 29359581 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant number of patients radically treated for prostate cancer (PCa) will develop prostate-specific antigen recurrence (27-53%). Localizing the anatomical site of relapse is critical, in order to achieve the optimal treatment management. To date the diagnostic accuracy of standard imaging is low. Several desirable features have been identified for the amino-acid-based PET agent, fluciclovine (18F) including: long 18F half-life which allows more practical use in centers without a cyclotron onsite; acting as a substrate for amino acid transporters upregulated in PCa or associated with malignant phenotype; lacking of incorporation into protein; and limited urinary excretion. Fluciclovine (18F) is currently approved both in USA and Europe with specific indication in adult men with suspected recurrent PCa based on elevated prostate-specific antigen following prior treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Zanoni
- Nuclear Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Bossert
- Nuclear Medicine, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Matti
- Nuclear Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Schiavina
- Department of Urology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristian Pultrone
- Department of Urology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Fanti
- Nuclear Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Nanni
- Nuclear Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
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Sun A, Liu X, Tang G. Carbon-11 and Fluorine-18 Labeled Amino Acid Tracers for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Tumors. Front Chem 2018; 5:124. [PMID: 29379780 PMCID: PMC5775220 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells have an increased nutritional demand for amino acids (AAs) to satisfy their rapid proliferation. Positron-emitting nuclide labeled AAs are interesting probes and are of great importance for imaging tumors using positron emission tomography (PET). Carbon-11 and fluorine-18 labeled AAs include the [1-11C] AAs, labeling alpha-C- AAs, the branched-chain of AAs and N-substituted carbon-11 labeled AAs. These tracers target protein synthesis or amino acid (AA) transport, and their uptake mechanism mainly involves AA transport. AA PET tracers have been widely used in clinical settings to image brain tumors, neuroendocrine tumors, prostate cancer, breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and hepatocellular carcinoma. This review focuses on the fundamental concepts and the uptake mechanism of AAs, AA PET tracers and their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixia Sun
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals and Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ganghua Tang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals and Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Tolmachova NA, Kondratov IS, Dolovanyuk VG, Pridma SO, Chernykh AV, Daniliuc CG, Haufe G. Synthesis of new fluorinated proline analogues from polyfluoroalkyl β-ketoacetals and ethyl isocyanoacetate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9683-9686. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05912h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
New straightforward synthetic approach to hitherto unknown cis-/trans-CF3-prolines and other 3-polyfluoroalkyl proline analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan S. Kondratov
- Enamine Ltd
- Kyiv
- Ukraine
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - Violetta G. Dolovanyuk
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- Kyiv
- Ukraine
| | | | | | | | - Günter Haufe
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Münster
- Münster 48149
- Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence
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39
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Abstract
RATIONALE Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS) is a malignant lesion composed of myofibroblasts. It is an uncommon tumor of unknown etiology that mainly develops in the bone or soft tissue and is most often reported in the head and neck, particularly in the tongue and oral cavity. PATIENT CONCERNS A 2-year-old girl, previously well and with no significant medical history or family history of other diseases, presented with a 2-week painless swelling of the right orbit. DIAGNOSES Preoperative computed tomography (CT) revealed a large homogeneous enhanced mass, 21 × 13 mm in size, located on lateral wall of the right orbit with bone absorption. The mass was resected and histopathological examination revealed LGMS of the orbit. INTERVENTIONS On May 2016, she underwent surgery without the additional postoperative treatment. OUTCOMES The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, and was discharged on the 6th day after surgery. During a year follow-up period, there was no recurrence of the postoperative CT. The patient and her family were satisfied with the result of the surgery. LESSONS Based on clinical characteristics and postoperative CT, we considered the mass may be a benign tumor. We completely resected along the capsule without an extensive surgical margin. However, postoperative histopathology diagnose LGMS, which shows a strong potential for local recurrence and vascular invasion. So we should close observation of the patient's symptoms and sign. If the tumor has invaded adjacent tissues, we will use adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tie Ma
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Imaging of amino acid transport in brain tumours: Positron emission tomography with O-(2-[ 18 F]fluoroethyl)- L -tyrosine (FET). Methods 2017; 130:124-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Morais M, Ferreira VFC, Figueira F, Mendes F, Raposinho P, Santos I, Oliveira BL, Correia JDG. Technetium-99m complexes of l-arginine derivatives for targeting amino acid transporters. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:14537-14547. [PMID: 28612866 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01146f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although relevant from the clinical point of view, radiotracers targeting cationic amino acid transporters are relatively unexplored and, in particular, no metal-based radiotracers are known. The rare examples of complexes recognized by amino acid transporters, namely by the Na+-independent neutral l-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), are 99mTc(i)/Re(i) compounds. Herein, we describe conjugates comprising a pyrazolyl-diamine chelating unit and the cationic amino acid l-arginine (l-Arg) linked by a propyl (L1) or hexyl linker (L2), which allowed the preparation of stable complexes of the type fac-[99mTc(CO)3(k3-L)]+ (Tc1, L = L1; Tc2, L = L2) and of the respective surrogates Re1 and Re2. Interestingly, complex Tc2 exhibited moderate levels of time-dependent internalization in three human tumoural cell lines, with approximately 3% of total applied activity internalized, corresponding to 21% of the cell-associated activity. A putative mechanism of retention in the cytoplasm of cells could be the interaction of the complex with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which is the enzyme responsible for the catalytic oxidation of l-Arg to citrulline and nitric oxide. However, the surrogate complex Re2 does not recognize iNOS, as demonstrated by the in vitro assays with purified iNOS and in studies with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-activated macrophages. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the internalization of Tc2 is linked to the cationic amino acid transporters, namely system y+. This finding might open the way towards the development of novel families of metal-based radiotracers for probing metabolically active cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Morais
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
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42
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Fluorine-18 labeled amino acids for tumor PET/CT imaging. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60581-60588. [PMID: 28947996 PMCID: PMC5601164 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor glucose metabolism and amino acid metabolism are usually enhanced, 18F-FDG for tumor glucose metabolism PET imaging has been clinically well known, but tumor amino acid metabolism PET imaging is not clinically familiar. Radiolabeled amino acids (AAs) are an important class of PET/CT tracers that target the upregulated amino acid transporters to show elevated amino acid metabolism in tumor cells. Radiolabeled amino acids were observed to have high uptake in tumor cells but low in normal tissues and inflammatory tissues. The radionuclides used in labeling amino acids include 15O, 13N, 11C, 123I, 18F and 68Ga, among which the most commonly used is 18F [1]. Available data support the use of certain 18F-labeled AAs for PET/CT imaging of gliomas, neuroendocrine tumors, prostate cancer and breast cancer [2, 3]. With the progress of the method of 18F labeling AAs [4-6], 18F-labeled AAs are well established for tumor PET/CT imaging. This review focuses on the current status of key clinical applications of 18F-labeled AAs in tumor PET/CT imaging.
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43
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Cavina L, van der Born D, Klaren PHM, Feiters MC, Boerman OC, Rutjes FPJT. Design of Radioiodinated Pharmaceuticals: Structural Features Affecting Metabolic Stability towards in Vivo Deiodination. European J Org Chem 2017; 2017:3387-3414. [PMID: 28736501 PMCID: PMC5499721 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Radioiodinated pharmaceuticals are convenient tracers for clinical and research investigations because of the relatively long half-lives of radioactive iodine isotopes (i.e., 123I, 124I, and 131I) and the ease of their chemical insertion. Their application in radionuclide imaging and therapy may, however, be hampered by poor in vivo stability of the C-I bond. After an overview of the use of iodine in biology and nuclear medicine, we present here a survey of the catabolic pathways for iodinated xenobiotics, including their biodistribution, accumulation, and biostability. We summarize successful rational improvements in the biostability and conclude with general guidelines for the design of stable radioiodinated pharmaceuticals. It appears to be necessary to consider the whole molecule, rather than the radioiodinated fragment alone. Iodine radionuclides are generally retained in vivo on sp2 carbon atoms in iodoarenes and iodovinyl moieties, but not in iodinated heterocycles or on sp3 carbon atoms. Iodoarene substituents also have an influence, with increased in vivo deiodination in the cases of iodophenols and iodoanilines, whereas methoxylation and difluorination improve biostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cavina
- Institute of Molecules and MaterialsFaculty of ScienceRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJ NijmegenNetherlands
- FutureChemistry Holding BV6525 ECNijmegenNetherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology & PhysiologyInstitute of Water & Wetland ResearchFaculty of ScienceRadboud UniversityPOB 90106500 GLNijmegenNetherlands
| | | | - Peter H. M. Klaren
- Department of Animal Ecology & PhysiologyInstitute of Water & Wetland ResearchFaculty of ScienceRadboud UniversityPOB 90106500 GLNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Martin C. Feiters
- Institute of Molecules and MaterialsFaculty of ScienceRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJ NijmegenNetherlands
| | - Otto C. Boerman
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear MedicineRadboud University Medical Center6500 HBNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Floris P. J. T. Rutjes
- Institute of Molecules and MaterialsFaculty of ScienceRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJ NijmegenNetherlands
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Liu S, Sun A, Zhang Z, Tang X, Nie D, Ma H, Jiang S, Tang G. Automated synthesis of N-(2-[ 18 F]Fluoropropionyl)-l-glutamic acid as an amino acid tracer for tumor imaging on a modified [ 18 F]FDG synthesis module. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:331-336. [PMID: 28370543 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
N-(2-[18 F]Fluoropropionyl)-l-glutamic acid ([18 F]FPGLU) is a potential amino acid tracer for tumor imaging with positron emission tomography. However, due to the complicated multistep synthesis, the routine production of [18 F]FPGLU presents many challenging laboratory requirements. To simplify the synthesis process of this interesting radiopharmaceutical, an efficient automated synthesis of [18 F]FPGLU was performed on a modified commercial fluorodeoxyglucose synthesizer via a 2-step on-column hydrolysis procedure, including 18 F-fluorination and on-column hydrolysis reaction. [18 F]FPGLU was synthesized in 12 ± 2% (n = 10, uncorrected) radiochemical yield based on [18 F]fluoride using the tosylated precursor 2. The radiochemical purity was ≥98%, and the overall synthesis time was 35 minutes. To further optimize the radiosynthesis conditions of [18 F]FPGLU, a brominated precursor 3 was also used for the preparation of [18 F]FPGLU, and the improved radiochemical yield was up to 20 ± 3% (n = 10, uncorrected) in 35 minutes. Moreover, all these results were achieved using the similar on-column hydrolysis procedure on the modified fluorodeoxyglucose synthesis module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aixia Sun
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanwen Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Tang
- School of materials and energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dahong Nie
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shende Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ganghua Tang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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45
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Schuster DM, Nanni C, Fanti S. Evaluation of Prostate Cancer with Radiolabeled Amino Acid Analogs. J Nucl Med 2017; 57:61S-66S. [PMID: 27694174 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.170209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional imaging of prostate cancer has limitations related to the frequently indolent biology of the disease. PET is a functional imaging method that can exploit various aspects of tumor biology to enable greater detection of prostate cancer than can be provided by morphologic imaging alone. Radiotracers that are in use or under investigation for targeting salient features of prostate cancer include those directed to glucose, choline, acetate, prostate-specific membrane antigen, bombesin, and amino acids. The tumor imaging features of this last class of radiotracers mirror the upregulation of transmembrane amino acid transport that is necessary in carcinomas because of increased amino acid use for energy requirements and protein synthesis. Natural and synthetic amino acids radiolabeled for PET imaging have been investigated in prostate cancer patients. Early work with naturally occurring amino acid-derived radiotracers, such as l-11C-methionine and l-1-11C-5-hydroxytryptophan, demonstrated promising results, including greater sensitivity than 18F-FDG for intraprostatic and extraprostatic cancer detection. However, limitations with naturally occurring amino acid-derived compounds, including metabolism of the radiotracer itself, led to the development of synthetic amino acid radiotracers, which are not metabolized and therefore more accurately reflect transmembrane amino acid transport. Of the synthetic amino acid-derived PET radiotracers, anti-1-amino-3-18F-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (18F-FACBC or 18F-fluciclovine) has undergone the most promising translation to human use, including the availability of simplified radiosynthesis. Several studies have indicated advantageous biodistribution in the abdomen and pelvis with little renal excretion and bladder activity-characteristics beneficial for prostate cancer imaging. Studies have demonstrated improved lesion detection and diagnostic performance of 18F-fluciclovine in comparison with conventional imaging, especially for recurrent prostate cancer, although issues with nonspecific uptake limit the potential role of 18F-fluciclovine in the diagnosis of primary prostate cancer. Although work is ongoing, recently published intrapatient comparisons of 18F-fluciclovine with 11C-choline reported higher overall diagnostic performance of the former, especially for the detection of disease relapse. This review is aimed at providing a detailed overview of amino acid-derived PET compounds that have been studied for use in prostate cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Schuster
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Cristina Nanni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Policlinico S. Orsola, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Fanti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Policlinico S. Orsola, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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46
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Uehara T, Watanabe M, Suzuki H, Furusawa Y, Arano Y. Amino acid transport system - A substrate predicts the therapeutic effects of particle radiotherapy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173096. [PMID: 28245294 PMCID: PMC5330493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
L-[methyl-11C]Methionine (11C-Met) is useful for estimating the therapeutic efficacy of particle radiotherapy at early stages of the treatment. Given the short half-life of 11C, the development of longer-lived 18F- and 123I-labeled probes that afford diagnostic information similar to 11C-Met, are being sought. Tumor uptake of 11C-Met is involved in many cellular functions such as amino acid transport System-L, protein synthesis, and transmethylation. Among these processes, since the energy-dependent intracellular functions involved with 11C-Met are more reflective of the radiotherapeutic effects, we evaluated the activity of the amino acid transport System-A as an another energy-dependent cellular function in order to estimate radiotherapeutic effects. In this study, using a carbon-ion beam as the radiation source, the activity of System-A was evaluated by a specific System-A substrate, alpha-[1-14C]-methyl-aminoisobutyric acid (14C-MeAIB). Cellular growth and the accumulation of 14C-MeAIB or 14C-Met were evaluated over time in vitro in cultured human salivary gland (HSG) tumor cells (3-Gy) or in vivo in murine xenografts of HSG tumors (6- or 25-Gy) before and after irradiation with the carbon-ion beam. Post 3-Gy irradiation, in vitro accumulation of 14C-Met and 14C-MeAIB decreased over a 5-day period. In xenografts of HSG tumors in mice, tumor re-growth was observed in vivo on day-10 after a 6-Gy irradiation dose, but no re-growth was detected after the 25-Gy irradiation dose. Consistent with the growth results, the in vivo tumor accumulation of 14C-MeAIB did not decrease after the 6-Gy irradiation dose, whereas a significant decrease was observed after the 25-Gy irradiation dose. These results indicate that the activity of energy dependent System-A transporter may reflect the therapeutic efficacy of carbon-ion radiotherapy and suggests that longer half-life radionuclide-labeled probes for System-A may also provide widely available probes to evaluate the effects of particle radiotherapy on tumors at early stage of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Uehara
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Mariko Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Furusawa
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Arano
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Kagawa S, Nishii R, Higashi T, Yamauchi H, Ogawa E, Okudaira H, Kobayashi M, Yoshimoto M, Shikano N, Kawai K. Relationship between [ 14C]MeAIB uptake and amino acid transporter family gene expression levels or proliferative activity in a pilot study in human carcinoma cells: Comparison with [ 3H]methionine uptake. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 49:8-15. [PMID: 28284101 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To clarify the difference between system A and L amino acid transport imaging in PET clinical imaging, we focused on the use of α-[N-methyl-11C]-methylaminoisobutyric acid ([11C]MeAIB), and compared it with [S-methyl-11C]-L-methionine ([11C]MET). The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of accumulation of these two radioactive amino acid analogs with expression of amino acid transporters and cell proliferative activity in carcinoma cells. METHODS Amino acid uptake inhibitor studies were performed in four human carcinoma cells (epidermal carcinoma A431, colorectal carcinoma LS180, and lung carcinomas PC14/GL and H441/GL) using the radioisotope analogs [3H]MET and [14C]MeAIB. MeAIB was used to inhibit the A system and 2-amino-2-norbornane-carboxylic acid (BCH) was used to inhibit the L system. The carcinoma gene expression levels of a number of amino acid transporters were measured by microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Carcinoma proliferative activity was assessed using accumulation of [methyl-3H]-3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine ([3H]FLT). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION [14C]MeAIB uptake occurred principally via a Na+-dependent A type mechanism whereas [3H]MET uptake occurred predominantly via a Na+-independent L type mechanism although other transporters were also utilized depending on cell type. There was no correlation between [3H]MET uptake and total system L amino acid transporter (LAT) expression. In contrast, [14C]MeAIB uptake strongly correlated with total system A amino acid transporter (SNAT) expression and proliferative activity in this preliminary study using four human carcinoma cell lines. Carcinoma proliferative activity also correlated with total SNAT expression. Advances in Knowledge and Implications for Patient Care: Because there is a significant correlation between the accumulation of [14C]MeAIB and the gene expression level of total SNAT as well as the accumulation of [3H]FLT, it is suggested that use of the analog [11C]MeAIB in PET may provide an indication of tumor cell proliferative activity. [11C]MeAIB is therefore expected to be very useful in PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Kagawa
- Division of PET Imaging, Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, Shiga, Japan; Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishii
- Division of PET Imaging, Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, Shiga, Japan; Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Division of PET Imaging, Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, Shiga, Japan; Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamauchi
- Division of PET Imaging, Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, Shiga, Japan
| | - Emi Ogawa
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Masato Kobayashi
- Wellness Promotion Science Center, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Yoshimoto
- Division of Functional Imaging, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoto Shikano
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kawai
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the United States. Despite high disease prevalence, diagnosis and surveillance of the disease with conventional imaging are limited typically because of indolent biology. Functional imaging with advanced molecular techniques improves the ability to detect disease. Amino acids are building blocks of proteins, and intracellular transport of amino acids is upregulated in prostate cancer. This review provides a detailed overview of the use of F-18 fluciclovine PET in prostate cancer imaging.
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49
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Abstract
Conventional anatomical imaging with CT and MRI has limitations in the evaluation of prostate cancer. PET is a powerful imaging technique, which can be directed toward molecular targets as diverse as glucose metabolism, density of prostate-specific membrane antigen receptors, and skeletal osteoblastic activity. Although 2-deoxy-2-18F-FDG-PET is the mainstay of molecular imaging, FDG has limitations in typically indolent prostate cancer. Yet, there are many useful and emerging PET tracers beyond FDG, which provide added value. These include radiotracers interrogating prostate cancer via molecular mechanisms related to the biology of choline, acetate, amino acids, bombesin, and dihydrotestosterone, among others. Choline is used for cell membrane synthesis and its metabolism is upregulated in prostate cancer. 11C-choline and 18F-choline are in wide clinical use outside the United States, and they have proven most beneficial for detection of recurrent prostate cancer. 11C-acetate is an indirect biomarker of fatty acid synthesis, which is also upregulated in prostate cancer. Imaging of prostate cancer with 11C-acetate is overall similar to the choline radiotracers yet is not as widely used. Upregulation of amino acid transport in prostate cancer provides the biologic basis for amino acid-based radiotracers. Most recent progress has been made with the nonnatural alicyclic amino acid analogue radiotracer anti-1-amino-3-18F-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (FACBC or fluciclovine) also proven most useful for the detection of recurrent prostate cancer. Other emerging PET radiotracers for prostate cancer include the bombesin group directed to the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor, 16β-18F-fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone (FDHT) that binds to the androgen receptor, and those targeting the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 1 (VPAC-1) and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), which are also overexpressed in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Schuster
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
| | - Cristina Nanni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Policlinico S. Orsola, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Fanti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Policlinico S. Orsola, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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50
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Chernykh AV, Feskov IO, Chernykh AV, Kondratov IS, Tolmachova N, Radchenko DS, Daniliuc CG, Haufe G. Synthesis and Physical-Chemical Properties ofcis- andtrans-1-Amino-3-fluoro-3-methylcyclobutanecarboxylic Acids. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton V. Chernykh
- Enamine Ltd; Chervonotkatska St 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Murmanska Str. 5 02660 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Illia O. Feskov
- Enamine Ltd; Chervonotkatska St 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Murmanska Str. 1 02660 Kyiv Ukraine
| | | | - Ivan S. Kondratov
- Enamine Ltd; Chervonotkatska St 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Murmanska Str. 1 02660 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Tolmachova
- Enamine Ltd; Chervonotkatska St 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Murmanska Str. 1 02660 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Dmytro S. Radchenko
- Enamine Ltd; Chervonotkatska St 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- Institute of High Technologies; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska 60 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence; Universität Münster; Waldeyerstraße 15 48149 Münster Germany
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