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Dehghan Manshadi M, Setoodeh P, Zare H. Systematic analysis of microorganisms' metabolism for selective targeting. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16446. [PMID: 39014020 PMCID: PMC11252421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective drugs with a relatively narrow spectrum can reduce the side effects of treatments compared to broad-spectrum antibiotics by specifically targeting the pathogens responsible for infection. Furthermore, combating an infectious pathogen, especially a drug-resistant microorganism, is more efficient by attacking multiple targets. Here, we combined synthetic lethality with selective drug targeting to identify multi-target and organism-specific potential drug candidates by systematically analyzing the genome-scale metabolic models of six different microorganisms. By considering microorganisms as targeted or conserved in groups ranging from one to six members, we designed 665 individual case studies. For each case, we identified single essential reactions as well as double, triple, and quadruple synthetic lethal reaction sets that are lethal for targeted microorganisms and neutral for conserved ones. As expected, the number of obtained solutions for each case depends on the genomic similarity between the studied microorganisms. Mapping the identified potential drug targets to their corresponding pathways highlighted the importance of key subsystems such as cell envelope biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, membrane lipid metabolism, and the nucleotide salvage pathway. To assist in the validation and further investigation of our proposed potential drug targets, we introduced two sets of targets that can theoretically address a substantial portion of the 665 cases. We expect that the obtained solutions provide valuable insights into designing narrow-spectrum drugs that selectively cause system-wide damage only to the target microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Dehghan Manshadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Payam Setoodeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Habil Zare
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Li K, Wang S, Qu W, Ahmed AA, Enneb W, Obeidat MD, Liu HY, Dessie T, Kim IH, Adam SY, Cai D. Natural products for Gut-X axis: pharmacology, toxicology and microbiology in mycotoxin-caused diseases. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1419844. [PMID: 38978980 PMCID: PMC11228701 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1419844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The gastrointestinal tract is integral to defending against external contaminants, featuring a complex array of immunological, physical, chemical, and microbial barriers. Mycotoxins, which are toxic metabolites from fungi, are pervasive in both animal feed and human food, presenting substantial health risks. Methods: This review examines the pharmacological, toxicological, and microbiological impacts of natural products on mycotoxicosis, with a particular focus on the gut-x axis. The analysis synthesizes current understanding and explores the role of natural products rich in polysaccharides, polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins. Results: The review highlights that mycotoxins can disrupt intestinal integrity, alter inflammatory responses, damage the mucus layer, and disturb the bacterial balance. The toxins' effects are extensive, potentially harming the immune system, liver, kidneys, and skin, and are associated with serious conditions such as cancer, hormonal changes, genetic mutations, bleeding, birth defects, and neurological issues. Natural products have shown potential anticancer, anti-tumor, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antitoxic properties. Discussion: The review underscores the emerging therapeutic strategy of targeting gut microbial modulation. It identifies knowledge gaps and suggests future research directions to deepen our understanding of natural products' role in gut-x axis health and to mitigate the global health impact of mycotoxin-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wuyi Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Abdelkareem A. Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Wael Enneb
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Diya’ Obeidat
- Department of Animal Production, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hao-Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tadelle Dessie
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Saber Y. Adam
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Demin Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Breeding and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Chen YC, Hou CY, Hsu MH, Huang LT, Hsiao CC, Sheen JM. The Impact of Gut Microbiota Changes on Methotrexate-Induced Neurotoxicity in Developing Young Rats. Biomedicines 2024; 12:908. [PMID: 38672262 PMCID: PMC11048417 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an essential part of therapy in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children, and inferior intellectual outcomes have been reported in children who are leukemia survivors. Although several studies have demonstrated that the interaction between gut microbiota changes and the brain plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced brain injury, preexisting studies on the effect of MTX on gut microbiota changes focused on gastrointestinal toxicity only. Based on our previous studies, which revealed that MTX treatment resulted in inferior neurocognitive function in developing young rats, we built a young rat model mimicking MTX treatment in a child ALL protocol, trying to investigate the interactions between the gut and brain in response to MTX treatment. We found an association between gut microbiota changes and neurogenesis/repair processes in response to MTX treatment, which suggest that MTX treatment results in gut dysbiosis, which is considered to be related to MTX neurotoxicity through an alteration in gut-brain axis communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Manrique P, Montero I, Fernandez-Gosende M, Martinez N, Cantabrana CH, Rios-Covian D. Past, present, and future of microbiome-based therapies. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2024; 3:23. [PMID: 38841413 PMCID: PMC11149097 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Technological advances in studying the human microbiome in depth have enabled the identification of microbial signatures associated with health and disease. This confirms the crucial role of microbiota in maintaining homeostasis and the host health status. Nowadays, there are several ways to modulate the microbiota composition to effectively improve host health; therefore, the development of therapeutic treatments based on the gut microbiota is experiencing rapid growth. In this review, we summarize the influence of the gut microbiota on the development of infectious disease and cancer, which are two of the main targets of microbiome-based therapies currently being developed. We analyze the two-way interaction between the gut microbiota and traditional drugs in order to emphasize the influence of gut microbial composition on drug effectivity and treatment response. We explore the different strategies currently available for modulating this ecosystem to our benefit, ranging from 1st generation intervention strategies to more complex 2nd generation microbiome-based therapies and their regulatory framework. Lastly, we finish with a quick overview of what we believe is the future of these strategies, that is 3rd generation microbiome-based therapies developed with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms.
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Woo AYM, Aguilar Ramos MA, Narayan R, Richards-Corke KC, Wang ML, Sandoval-Espinola WJ, Balskus EP. Targeting the human gut microbiome with small-molecule inhibitors. NATURE REVIEWS. CHEMISTRY 2023; 7:319-339. [PMID: 37117817 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is a complex microbial community that is strongly linked to both host health and disease. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of these microorganisms on host biology remain largely uncharacterized. The development of non-lethal, small-molecule inhibitors that target specific gut microbial activities enables a powerful but underutilized approach to studying the gut microbiome and a promising therapeutic strategy. In this Review, we will discuss the challenges of studying this microbial community, the historic use of small-molecule inhibitors in microbial ecology, and recent applications of this strategy. We also discuss the evidence suggesting that host-targeted drugs can affect the growth and metabolism of gut microbes. Finally, we address the issues of developing and implementing microbiome-targeted small-molecule inhibitors and define important future directions for this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Y M Woo
- Harvard University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Rohan Narayan
- Harvard University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Michelle L Wang
- Harvard University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Walter J Sandoval-Espinola
- Harvard University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biotecnología, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Emily P Balskus
- Harvard University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Alwan AM, Rokaya D, Kathayat G, Afshari JT. Onco-immunity and therapeutic application of amygdalin: A review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:155-163. [PMID: 36618007 PMCID: PMC9816781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amygdalin is known as a chemical compound derived from various fruits. The glycosides existing in this plant have been historically utilized as an anticancer agent. This review presented an overview of amygdalin and its onco-immunity and other therapeutic medical applications. Method A literature search for studies relating to amygdalin and cancer treatment was carried out using PubMed and Google Scholar. Combinations of the following terms were used in the search strategies: "amygdalin," "rhodanese," "cyanide," "cyanogenic," "hypothiocyanite," "mandelonitrile," "glucosides," "cancer," "apoptosis," and "cytotoxicity," combined with a cancer term such as "seed," "almond," or "apricot," "cancer + cell line, antiproliferation or inhibition," "BAX From the March 3, 1981 until the April 15, 2021, all of the English-language papers were evaluated based on the inclusion criteria. Publications included reviews, chapters from books, and original research papers. Results The FDA prohibits Amygdalin from medical usage as an anticancer treatment due to a lack of proof of cure in cancer cases. When this natural-based compound is used with conditional chemotherapeutic medicines causes synergistic effects. Besides, amygdalin is used to manage asthma, improve the immune system, induce apoptosis in human renal fibroblasts, and inhibit hyperglycemia. Conclusion Various medical uses of amygdalin have been found such as managing asthma, improving the immune system, inducing apoptosis in human renal fibroblasts, and inhibiting hyperglycemia. More effective in vitro and review studies are required to elucidate the exact role of this herb in medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohammed Alwan
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Dinesh Rokaya
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Goma Kathayat
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Jalil Tavakol Afshari
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Impact of the Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota on Cardiovascular Health and Pathophysiology. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:13-30. [PMID: 35384898 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is an extremely diverse community of microorganisms, and their collective genomes (microbiome) provide a vast arsenal of biological activities, in particular enzymatic ones, which are far from being fully elucidated. The study of the microbiota (and the microbiome) is receiving great interest from the biomedical community as it carries the potential to improve risk-prediction models, refine primary and secondary prevention efforts, and also design more appropriate and personalized therapies, including pharmacological ones. A growing body of evidence, though sometimes impaired by the limited number of subjects involved in the studies, suggests that GIT dysbiosis, i.e. the altered microbial composition, has an important role in causing and/or worsening cardiovascular disease (CVD). Bacterial translocation as well as the alteration of levels of microbe-derived metabolites can thus be important to monitor and modulate, because they may lead to initiation and progression of CVD, as well as to its establishment as chronic state. We hereby aim to provide readers with details on available resources and experimental approaches that are used in this fascinating field of biomedical research, and on some novelties on the impact of GIT microbiota on CVD.
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Krasulova K, Illes P. Intestinal interplay of quorum sensing molecules and human receptors. Biochimie 2021; 189:108-119. [PMID: 34186126 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human gut is in permanent contact with microorganisms that play an important role in many physiological processes including metabolism and immunologic activity. These microorganisms communicate and manage themself by the quorum sensing system (QS) that helps to coordinate optimal growth and subsistence by activating signaling pathways that regulate bacterial gene expression. Diverse QS molecules produced by pathogenic as well as resident microbiota have been found throughout the human gut. However, even a host can by affected by these molecules. Intestinal and immune cells possess a range of molecular targets for QS. Our present knowledge on bacteria-cell communication encompasses G-protein-coupled receptors, nuclear receptors and receptors for bacterial cell-wall components. The QS of commensal bacteria has been approved as a protective factor with favourable effects on intestinal homeostasis and immunity. Signaling molecules of QS interacting with above-mentioned receptors thus parcipitate on maintaining of barrier functions, control of inflammation processes and increase of resistance to pathogen colonization in host organisms. Pathogens QS molecules can have a dual function. Host cells are able to detect the ongoing infection by monitoring the presence and changes in concentrations of QS molecules. Such information can help to set the most effective immune defence to prevent or overcome the infection. Contrary, pathogens QS signals can target the host receptors to deceive the immune system to get the best conditions for growth. However, our knowledge about communication mediated by QS is still limited and detailed understanding of molecular mechanisms of QS signaling is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Krasulova
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Peter Illes
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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