1
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Sugimura K, Katsuki S, Arai R, Kamiya H, Kawasaki T, Iida O, Kawahara N, Shrestha SS, Dall'Acqua S, Watanabe T. Relationship between the root processing method and quality of herbal medicine of Rauvolfia serpentina cultivated in Japan. Fitoterapia 2024; 178:106132. [PMID: 39089593 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Rauvolfia serpentina roots are used as herbal medicine for snake and insect bites, fever, malaria, abdominal pain, hypertension, and dysentery in Southeast Asian countries. This study evaluates the content of reserpine, ajmaline, and ajmalicine in R. serpentina roots obtained with an efficient root processing method. The plants were cultivated in Tanegashima Island in southern part of Japan, where NIBIOHN's experimental farm station is located. We examined both the type of cork layer removal method (manual work, drum mixer washing, and high-pressure washing) and dried roots. We found that the resulting active ingredient contents were not significantly different between manual work and 30 min of drum mixer washing, and high-pressure washing. The washing in a drum mixer for 30 min could be an efficient root processing method. The amount of each active ingredient was compared in each root part (large-, middle-, and small-diameter roots), and there were no significant difference in their contents. In conclusion, R. serpentina roots having a diameter ≥ 0.5 cm contain a similar amount of active ingredients, suggesting that the quality of the crude drug does not vary in the root part. Thus, our study provides significant insights into the use of R. serpentina roots for herbal medicine applications as well as constituents of active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sugimura
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 17007-2, Matsubarayama, Noma, Nakatane-cho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima 891-3604, Japan; Department of Medicinal Plant, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Shigeki Katsuki
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 17007-2, Matsubarayama, Noma, Nakatane-cho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima 891-3604, Japan
| | - Ryoko Arai
- Uchida Wakanyaku Co., Ltd., 4-3-4 Higashi-nippori, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8571, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamiya
- Uchida Wakanyaku Co., Ltd., 4-3-4 Higashi-nippori, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8571, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawasaki
- Uchida Wakanyaku Co., Ltd., 4-3-4 Higashi-nippori, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8571, Japan
| | - Osamu Iida
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 17007-2, Matsubarayama, Noma, Nakatane-cho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima 891-3604, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kawahara
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 17007-2, Matsubarayama, Noma, Nakatane-cho, Kumage-gun, Kagoshima 891-3604, Japan
| | | | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Medicinal Plant, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
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2
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Liu Y, Yuan Y, He J, Han S, Liu Y. Iodophor-/H 2O 2-Mediated 2-Sulfonylation of Indoles and N-Methylpyrrole in Aqueous Phase. Molecules 2024; 29:3564. [PMID: 39124969 PMCID: PMC11314382 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A convenient and efficient strategy for the preparation of 2-sulfonylindoles has been achieved through iodophor-/H2O2-mediated 2-sulfonylation of indoles with readily available sulfonyl hydrazides in the aqueous phase. Iodophor is commercially available and serves as the green catalyst and aqueous phase. A series of 2-sulfonylated products from indoles and N-methylpyrrole were synthesized in moderate yields in only 10 min. Control experiments were also conducted to reveal the mechanism of action. This method is environment friendly, easy to operate and suitable for a wide range of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashuai Liu
- Basic Sciences Department, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China
| | - Yutong Yuan
- The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832004, China; (J.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Jing He
- The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832004, China; (J.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Sheng Han
- The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832004, China; (J.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Yan Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832004, China; (J.H.); (S.H.)
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3
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Lee Y, Nam YS, Kim SY, Ki JE, Lee HG. Mechanistic duality of indolyl 1,3-heteroatom transposition. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7688-7698. [PMID: 37476715 PMCID: PMC10355096 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00716b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel mechanistic duality has been revealed from the indolyl 1,3-heteroatom transposition (IHT) of N-hydroxyindole derivatives. A series of in-depth mechanistic investigations suggests that two separate mechanisms are operating simultaneously. Moreover, the relative contribution of each mechanistic pathway, the energy barrier for each pathway, and the identity of the primary pathway were shown to be the functions of the electronic properties of the substrate system. Based on the mechanistic understanding obtained, a mechanism-driven strategy for the general and efficient introduction of a heteroatom at the 3-position of indole has been developed. The reaction developed exhibits a broad substrate scope to provide the products in various forms of the functionalised indole. Moreover, the method is applicable to the introduction of both oxygen- and nitrogen-based functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Yun Seung Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Ki
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Hong Geun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 South Korea
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4
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Kruppa M, Müller TJJ. A Survey on the Synthesis of Variolins, Meridianins, and Meriolins-Naturally Occurring Marine (aza)Indole Alkaloids and Their Semisynthetic Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030947. [PMID: 36770618 PMCID: PMC9920529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine natural products are a source of essential significance due to a plethora of highly diverse biological properties. The naturally occurring (aza)indole alkaloids variolin B (1), meridianins (2), and their synthetic hybrids meriolins (3) exhibit potent kinase inhibitory activities and have aroused considerable interest in the past two decades. Therefore, the immense demand for versatile synthetic accesses to these structures has considerably increased. This review surveys the synthetic pathways to these naturally occurring alkaloids and their semisynthetic derivatives.
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5
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Recent advances in theoretical studies on transition-metal-catalyzed regioselective C-H functionalization of indoles. J Mol Model 2022; 28:267. [PMID: 35994132 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Indole compounds are widely found in natural products and drug candidates. The transition-metal-catalyzed regioselective C-H bond functionalization of indoles as the most efficient method for the synthesis of various functionalized indoles has been extensively studied in the past two decades due to its advantages of step economy and atom economy. In general, the catalysts included the transition-metals (Pd, Rh, Ru, Cu, Co, Fe, Zn, and Ga) and these reactions were accomplished with a remarkably wide range of coupling reagents for construction of various C-C and C-X (X = N, O, S) bonds. However, the general and important rules of the regioselectivity are not clear to date. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis through previous reported theoretical studies on transition-metal-catalyzed regioselective C-H bond functionalization of indoles was crucial and significant. In this review, we found that when the C-H bond activation process was the rate-determining step, the regioselectivity ordinarily occurred at the C7 or C4 positions (on benzene ring), and otherwise, the regioselectivity often occurred at C2 position (on pyrrole ring). For indoline substrates, the C-H bond functionalization occurred at the benzene ring. General rules of the regioselectivities for transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization of indoles. This review collects major advances in the transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization of indoles and indolines.
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6
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Qi H, Chi D, Chen S. Pd-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization of Indole-Containing Alkene-Tethered Aryl Halides with Alkynes To Construct Indole Alkaloid Scaffolds. Org Lett 2022; 24:2910-2914. [PMID: 35394792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A convenient and straightforward approach for the construction of indole alkaloid scaffolds from indole-containing alkene-tethered aryl halides and alkynes through a sequential C-H activation, five-membered palladacycle formation, and alkyne insertion process has been described. The approach provides a series of indole alkaloid compounds in moderate to excellent yields with good functional tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Qi
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Dongmei Chi
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
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7
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Tanaka H, Ukegawa N, Uyanik M, Ishihara K. Hypoiodite-Catalyzed Oxidative Umpolung of Indoles for Enantioselective Dearomatization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5756-5761. [PMID: 35319875 PMCID: PMC8991020 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Here we report the
oxidative umpolung of 2,3-disubstituted indoles
toward enantioselective dearomative aza-spirocyclization to give the
corresponding spiroindolenines using chiral quaternary ammonium hypoiodite
catalysis. Mechanistic studies revealed the umpolung reactivity of
C3 of indoles by iodination of the indole nitrogen atom. Moreover,
the introduction of pyrazole as an electron-withdrawing auxiliary
group at C2 suppressed a competitive dissociative racemic pathway,
and enantioselective spirocyclization proceeded to give not only spiropyrrolidines
but also four-membered spiroazetidines that are otherwise difficult
to access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Naoya Ukegawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Muhammet Uyanik
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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8
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Murugan S, Zhong HJ, Wu CY, Pan HW, Chen C, Lee GH. Camphorsulfonic Acid-Mediated One-Pot Tandem Consecutive via the Ugi Four-Component Reaction for the Synthesis of Functionalized Indole and 2-Quinolone Derivatives by Switching Solvents. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:5713-5729. [PMID: 35224332 PMCID: PMC8867550 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A camphorsulfonic acid-mediated one-pot tandem consecutive approach was developed to synthesize functionalized indole and 2-quinolone derivatives from the Ugi four-component reaction by switching solvents. A reaction of the Ugi adduct in an aprotic solvent undergoes 5-exo-trig cyclization to form an indole ring. In a protic solvent, however, the Ugi adduct undergoes an alkyne-carbonyl metathesis reaction to form a 2-quinolone ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan
Perumal Murugan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jie Zhong
- Department
of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Wu
- Department
of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science
and Technology, Hualien 970302, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wei Pan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
| | - Chinpiao Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
- Department
of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science
and Technology, Hualien 970302, Taiwan
| | - Gene-Hsian Lee
- Instrumentation
Center, College of Science, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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9
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Hu F, Wang L, Wang P, Ding Z, Chen Y, Xu L, Liu XL, Li SS. Switchable construction of oxa-heterocycles with diverse ring sizes via chemoselective cyclization controlled by dibrominated compounds. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01273a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Switchable construction of oxa-heterocycles with diverse ring sizes has been developed by performing dibrominated-compound-controlled chemoselective cyclization and subsequent derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhi Hu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Liang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhanshuai Ding
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yuzhuo Chen
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lubin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiong-Li Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploitation of Homology Resources of Southwest Medicine and Food, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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10
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Hu L, Cao W, Wang K, Liu X, Feng X. Asymmetric synthesis of dihydrocarbazoles through a Friedel-Crafts alkylation/annulation sequential reaction of indoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13138-13141. [PMID: 34807214 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05099k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective tandem Friedel-Crafts alkylation/annulation of indoles with diazoacetoacetate enones is realized in one pot. A series of dihydrocarbazoles were obtained in moderate yields with good to excellent ee values by using a RhII/ScIII dual-metallic catalyst system. Control experiments revealed that ScIII is critical to both the alkylation and annulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Weidi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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11
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Jadhav PP, Kahar NM, Dawande SG. Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Highly Chemo- and Regioselective Oxidative C6 Alkenylation of Indole-7-carboxamides. Org Lett 2021; 23:8673-8677. [PMID: 34723545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We disclosed the first efficient method for highly chemo- and regioselective C6 alkenylation of indole-7-carboxamides using inexpensive Ru(II) catalyst through chelation assisted C-H bond activation. Electronically diverse indole-7-carboxamides and alkenes react efficiently to produce a wide range of C6 alkenyl indole derivatives. Further the C6 alkenyl indole-7-carboxamides modified to their derivatives through simple chemical transformations. The observed regioselectivity and kinetics has been evidenced by deuterium incorporation and intermolecular competitive studies. In addition, for mechanistic insights, the intermediates were analyzed by HRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj P Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India
| | - Nilesh M Kahar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India
| | - Sudam G Dawande
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India
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12
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Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids with Ca v3.1 T-Type Calcium Channel Inhibitory Activity from Catharanthus roseus. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216516. [PMID: 34770935 PMCID: PMC8587030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus is a well-known traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of cancer, hypertension, scald, and sore in China. Phytochemical investigation on the twigs and leaves of this species led to the isolation of two new monoterpene indole alkaloids, catharanosines A (1) and B (2), and six known analogues (3–8). Structures of 1 and 2 were established by 1H-, 13C- and 2D-NMR, and HREIMS data. The absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 2 represented an unprecedented aspidosperma-type alkaloid with a 2-piperidinyl moiety at C-10. Compounds 6–8 exhibited remarkable Cav3.1 low voltage-gated calcium channel (LVGCC) inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 11.83 ± 1.02, 14.3 ± 1.20, and 14.54 ± 0.99 μM, respectively.
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13
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Shi Y, Ma H, Shao J, Deng C. Theoretical studies on the mechanism of Pd 2+-catalyzed regioselective C-H alkylation of indole with MesICH 2CF 3OTf. J Mol Model 2021; 27:150. [PMID: 33945013 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The reaction mechanism of Pd2+-catalyzed regioselective C-H alkylation of indole with MesICH2CF3OTf has been investigated by the density functional theory calculations. The reaction mechanism mainly contains four steps: C-H activation, oxidative addition, reductive elimination, and ligands substitution. From our calculations, we find that the C-H activation step was realized by the acetate anion (-OAc) assisted concerted metalation deprotonation (CMD) process and the transition state of C-H activation process is a square planar configuration. Moreover, the calculation results suggest that the regioselectivity of C-H bond alkylation of indole with MesICH2CF3OTf can be ascribed to the different stability of the CMD transition states in C-H activation step and the relative stabilities of deprotonated intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxuan Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Colas K, Holmberg KO, Chiang L, Doloczki S, Swartling FJ, Dyrager C. Indolylbenzothiadiazoles as highly tunable fluorophores for imaging lipid droplet accumulation in astrocytes and glioblastoma cells. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23960-23967. [PMID: 35479010 PMCID: PMC9036785 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04419b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an extensive photophysical study of a series of fluorescent indolylbenzothiadiazole derivatives and their ability to specifically image lipid droplets in astrocytes and glioblastoma cells. All compounds in the series displayed positive solvatochromism together with large Stokes shifts, and π-extended derivatives exhibited elevated brightness. It was shown that the fluorescence properties were highly tunable by varying the electronic character or size of the N-substituent on the indole motif. Three compounds proved capable as probes for detecting small quantities of lipid deposits in healthy and cancerous brain cells. In addition, all twelve compounds in the series were predicted to cross the blood–brain barrier, which raises the prospect for future in vivo studies for exploring the role of lipid droplets in the central nervous system. We present an extensive photophysical study of a series of fluorescent indolylbenzothiadiazole derivatives and their ability to specifically image lipid droplets in astrocytes and glioblastoma cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Colas
- Department of Chemistry – BMC
- Uppsala University
- 75123 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Karl O. Holmberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology
- Science for Life Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- 75185 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Linus Chiang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of the Fraser Valley
- Abbotsford
- Canada
| | - Susanne Doloczki
- Department of Chemistry – BMC
- Uppsala University
- 75123 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Fredrik J. Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology
- Science for Life Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- 75185 Uppsala
- Sweden
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15
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Zheng L, Tao K, Guo W. Recent Developments in Photo‐Catalyzed/Promoted Synthesis of Indoles and Their Functionalization: Reactions and Mechanisms. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lvyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 People's Republic of China
| | - Kailiang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 People's Republic of China
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16
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Uyanik M, Tanaka H, Ishihara K. Hypoiodite-Catalyzed Chemoselective Tandem Oxidation of Homotryptamines to Peroxy- and Epoxytetrahydropyridoindolenines. Org Lett 2020; 22:8049-8054. [PMID: 32996315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We developed the hypoiodite-catalyzed tandem dearomative peroxycyclization of homotryptamine derivatives to peroxytetrahydropyridoindolenines under mild conditions. During the course of a mechanistic study, we found that a tandem oxidative cyclization/epoxidation as an unexpected reaction proceeded in the presence of TEMPO as an additive. Intramolecular oxidative aminocyclization of homotryptamines at the C-2 position would give tetrahydropyridoindole, a common intermediate for both reactions. Control experiments suggested that while oxidative coupling with TBHP at the C-3 position might afford peroxyindolenines, a preferential electrophilic addition of TEMPO+, which might be generated in situ by the hypoiodite-catalyzed oxidation of TEMPO, at C-3 position followed by elimination and epoxidation might give epoxyindolenines. This serendipitous finding prompted us to develop a chemoselective divergent synthesis of peroxy- and epoxyindolenines by simple modification of the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Uyanik
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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17
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Delayre B, Piemontesi C, Wang Q, Zhu J. TiCl
3
‐Mediated Synthesis of 2,3,3‐Trisubstituted Indolenines: Total Synthesis of (+)‐1,2‐Dehydroaspidospermidine, (+)‐Condyfoline, and (−)‐Tubifoline. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Delayre
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Cyril Piemontesi
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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18
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Delayre B, Piemontesi C, Wang Q, Zhu J. TiCl
3
‐Mediated Synthesis of 2,3,3‐Trisubstituted Indolenines: Total Synthesis of (+)‐1,2‐Dehydroaspidospermidine, (+)‐Condyfoline, and (−)‐Tubifoline. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13990-13997. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Delayre
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Cyril Piemontesi
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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19
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Condello M, Pellegrini E, Multari G, Gallo FR, Meschini S. Voacamine: Alkaloid with its essential dimeric units to reverse tumor multidrug resistance. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104819. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Zhang J, Song M, Ao YL, Li Y, Zou XY, Xu J, Wang Y, Zhang DM, Zhang XQ, Ye WC. Alstolarines A and B, two unusual monoterpenoid indole alkaloids with an acetal moiety from Alstonia scholaris. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00751j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two novel monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, alstolarines A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from Alstonia scholaris, and exhibited promising vasorelaxant activities.
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21
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Liu XY, Qin Y. Indole Alkaloid Synthesis Facilitated by Photoredox Catalytic Radical Cascade Reactions. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:1877-1891. [PMID: 31264824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The monoterpene indole alkaloids, containing over 3000 known members and more than 40 structural types, represent one of the largest natural product families that have proven to be an important drug source. Their complex chemical structures and significant biological activities have rendered these alkaloids attractive targets in the synthetic community for decades. While chemists have developed many synthetic methodologies and tactics toward this end, general strategies allowing divergent access to a large variety of structural types and members of monoterpene indole alkaloids are still limited and highly desirable. Photoredox catalysis has emerged in recent years as a powerful tool to realize chemical transformations via single electron transfer (SET) processes that would otherwise be inaccessible. In particular, when the radical species generated by the visible light photoinduced approach is involved in well-designed cascade reactions, the formation of multiple chemical bonds and the assembly of structurally complex molecules would be secured in a green and economic manner. This protocol might serve to remodel the way of thinking for the preparation of useful pharmaceuticals and complex natural products. Due to a long-standing interest in the synthesis of diverse indole alkaloids, our group previously developed a cyclopropanation strategy ( Qin , Y. Acc. Chem. Res. 2011 , 44 , 447 ) that was versatile to access several intriguing indole alkaloid molecules. With an idea of developing more general synthetic approaches to as many members of various indole alkaloids as possible, we recently disclosed new radical cascade reactions enabled by photoredox catalysis, leading to the collective asymmetric total synthesis of 42 monoterpene indole alkaloids belonging to 7 structural types. Several important discoveries deserve to be highlighted. First, the use of photocatalytic technology allowed us to achieve an unusual reaction pathway that reversed the conventional reactivity between two nucleophilic amine and enamine groups. Second, a crucial nitrogen-centered radical, directly generated from a sulfonamide N-H bond, triggered three types of cascade reactions to deliver indole alkaloid cores with manifold functionalities and controllable diastereoselectivities. Moreover, expansion of this catalytic, scalable, and general methodology permitted the total synthesis of a large collection of indole alkaloids. In this Account, we wish to provide a complete picture of our studies concerning the original synthetic design, method development, and applications in total synthesis. It is anticipated that the visible-light-driven cascade strategy will find further utility in the realm of natural product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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22
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Deng C, Hu P, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhang W. Theoretical studies on the mechanism of Ru(ii)-catalyzed regioselective C-H allylation of indoles with allyl alcohols. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9181-9186. [PMID: 31149684 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01674k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The reaction mechanism of the Ru(ii)-catalyzed regioselective C-H allylation of indoles with allyl alcohols has been studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This reaction mechanism involves five major steps: deprotonation of amide-NH, arene C-H activation, allyl alcohol insertion, β-OH elimination and protonation. Our calculation results indicate that C2-H bond allylation is better than C7-H bond allylation, which can be attributed to the stronger nucleophilicity of C2 compared to C7 in the C-Ru bond insertion of indole substrates. Furthermore, we also suggest that C-Ru bond insertion is more favorable than N-Ru bond insertion, which can be attributed to the different hybridization states of the relevant carbon and nitrogen atoms. Meanwhile, we also illustrate that the substrate cinnamyl alcohol cannot give the desired product due to the steric hindrance of the phenyl ring in cinnamyl alcohol with the indole skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
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23
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Deng C, Sun Y, Ren Y, Zhang W. Theoretical studies on Rh(iii)-catalyzed regioselective C-H bond cyanation of indole and indoline. Dalton Trans 2018; 48:168-175. [PMID: 30516212 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04079f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations were carried out to study the reaction mechanism of the Rh(iii)-catalyzed regioselective C-H cyanation of indole and indoline with N-cyano-N-phenyl-para-methylbenzenesulfonamide (NCTS). This mechanism involves four major steps: C-H activation, cyano group insertion, β-N elimination, and regeneration of active species. How different indole and indoline substrates affect the regioselectivity of C-H bond cyanation has been examined and analyzed in detail. Our calculation results indicate that the regioselectivity of C-H bond cyanation of indole depends on the nucleophilicity of carbon atoms in C-Rh(iii) bonds to the cyano group. For indoline, it can be attributed to the different hybridization platforms of the C-H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
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24
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Li Q, Li B, Wang B. Rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular cascade sequence for the formation of fused carbazole-annulated medium-sized rings by cleavage of C(sp 2)-H/C(sp 3)-H bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9147-9150. [PMID: 30059082 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04428g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rhodium(iii)-catalyzed intramolecular annulation of alkyne-tethered 3-(indol-3-yl)-3-oxopropanenitriles for the synthesis of fused carbazole scaffolds via C-H activation has been developed. A series of six-, seven-, and eight-membered hydroazepino[3,2,1-jk]carbazoles were achieved. This reaction proceeded under mild reaction conditions and with a broad substrate scope. The reaction involved sequential cleavage of C(sp2)-H/C(sp3)-H bonds and annulation with the tethered alkyne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
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25
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Chen L, Liu Y, Liu P, Dai B. The fast and efficient KI/H2O2 mediated 2-sulfonylation of indoles and N-methylpyrrole in water. RSC Adv 2018; 8:41651-41656. [PMID: 35559293 PMCID: PMC9092009 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09367a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and efficient KI/H2O2-mediated 2-sulfonylation of substituted indoles and N-methylpyrrole was established. The corresponding 2-sulfonylation products are synthesized from readily available sulfur sources, namely arylsulfonyl hydrazides, 4-methylbenzenesulfinic acid and sodium 4-methylbenzenesulfinate in good to excellent yields in only 5 min. Moreover, the aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide is used as both oxidant and solvent. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that 2,3-diiodoindoline was the main sulfonylation intermediate. The rapid and efficient KI/H2O2-mediated 2-sulfonylation of substituted indoles and N-methylpyrrole was established.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi City
- China
| | - Zhong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi City
- China
| | - Lingjuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi City
- China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi City
- China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi City
- China
| | - Bin Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi City
- China
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26
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Li H, Wang X, Yan J. Selective synthesis of 3-Selanylindoles from Indoles and Diselenides using IK/m
CPBA system. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Li
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310032 China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310032 China
| | - Jie Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310032 China
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27
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Alpers D, Gallhof M, Witt J, Hoffmann F, Brasholz M. Photoredox‐induzierte stereoselektive desaromatisierende radikalische (4+2)‐Cyclisierungs/1,4‐Additions‐Kaskade zur Synthese hoch funktionalisierter Hexahydro‐1
H
‐carbazole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Alpers
- Fachbereich Chemie – Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Deutschland
| | - Malte Gallhof
- Fachbereich Chemie – Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Deutschland
| | - Julian Witt
- Fachbereich Chemie – Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Deutschland
| | - Frank Hoffmann
- Fachbereich Chemie – Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Deutschland
| | - Malte Brasholz
- Fachbereich Chemie – Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Deutschland
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28
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Alpers D, Gallhof M, Witt J, Hoffmann F, Brasholz M. A Photoredox‐Induced Stereoselective Dearomative Radical (4+2)‐Cyclization/1,4‐Addition Cascade for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Hexahydro‐1
H
‐carbazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1402-1406. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Alpers
- Department of Chemistry—Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Malte Gallhof
- Department of Chemistry—Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Julian Witt
- Department of Chemistry—Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Frank Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry—Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Malte Brasholz
- Department of Chemistry—Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
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29
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Zhou T, Li B, Wang B. Rhodium-catalyzed C2 and C4 C–H activation/annulation of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-oxopropanenitriles with internal alkynes: a facile access to substituted and fused carbazoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6343-6346. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02808c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Rhodium-catalyzed C2 and C4 C–H activation/annulation of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-oxopropanenitriles with internal alkynes has been developed. Substituted and fused carbazole derivatives were obtained through formal rhodium-catalyzed (4+2) or tandem (4+2) and (5+2) cycloaddition reactions under mild reaction conditions in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Baiquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
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30
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Li H, Wang X, Yan J. Convenient KI-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of 2-sulfonylindoles using water as solvent. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00474e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An environmentally benign procedure is developed for the preparation of 2-sulfonylindoles catalyzed by KI in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Li
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310032
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310032
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310032
- P. R. China
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31
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Synthesis of Bisindole Alkaloids from the Apocynaceae Which Contain a Macroline or Sarpagine Unit: A Review. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111525. [PMID: 27854259 PMCID: PMC5214337 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisindole natural products consist of two monomeric indole alkaloid units as their obligate constituents. Bisindoles are more potent with respect to their biological activity than their corresponding monomeric units. In addition, the synthesis of bisindoles are far more challenging than the synthesis of monomeric indole alkaloids. Herein is reviewed the enantiospecific total and partial synthesis of bisindole alkaloids isolated primarily from the Alstonia genus of the Apocynaceae family. The monomeric units belong to the sarpagine, ajmaline, macroline, vobasine, and pleiocarpamine series. An up-to-date discussion of their isolation, characterization, biological activity as well as approaches to their partial and total synthesis by means of both synthetic and biosynthetic strategies are presented.
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32
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Song Z, Antonchick AP. Iridium(iii)-catalyzed regioselective C7-sulfonamidation of indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4804-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00926c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Iridium(iii)-catalyzed direct C7-sulfonamidation of indoles with sulfonyl azides is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengqiang Song
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
- Chemische Biologie; Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie
| | - Andrey P. Antonchick
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
- Chemische Biologie; Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie
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33
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Xu L, Zhang C, He Y, Tan L, Ma D. Rhodium-Catalyzed Regioselective C7-Functionalization of N
-Pivaloylindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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34
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Xu L, Zhang C, He Y, Tan L, Ma D. Rhodium-Catalyzed Regioselective C7-Functionalization of N
-Pivaloylindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:321-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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35
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Xu W, Wang W, Wang X. Gold-Catalyzed Cyclization Leads to a Bridged Tetracyclic Indolenine that Represses β-Lactam Resistance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9546-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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Xu W, Wang W, Wang X. Gold-Catalyzed Cyclization Leads to a Bridged Tetracyclic Indolenine that Represses β-Lactam Resistance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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37
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Biswas NN, Kutty SK, Barraud N, Iskander GM, Griffith R, Rice SA, Willcox M, Black DS, Kumar N. Indole-based novel small molecules for the modulation of bacterial signalling pathways. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:925-37. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02096k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Indole basedN-acylatedl-homoserine lactone (AHL) mimics were developed as quorum sensing (QS) inhibitors for Gram-negative bacteriaPseudomonas aeruginosaand can be used as novel antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolas Barraud
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- UNSW Australia
- Sydney
- Australia
| | | | | | - Scott A. Rice
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- UNSW Australia
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Mark Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science
- UNSW Australia
- Sydney
- Australia
| | | | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry
- UNSW Australia
- Sydney
- Australia
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38
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Barbour PM, Marholz LJ, Chang L, Xu W, Wang X. Gold Approaches to Polycyclic Indole Alkaloids. CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.131230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Michael Barbour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Laura J. Marholz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Le Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder
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39
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Katrun P, Mueangkaew C, Pohmakotr M, Reutrakul V, Jaipetch T, Soorukram D, Kuhakarn C. Regioselective C2 Sulfonylation of Indoles Mediated by Molecular Iodine. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1778-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402831k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Praewpan Katrun
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
(PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Charoensak Mueangkaew
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
(PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Manat Pohmakotr
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
(PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Vichai Reutrakul
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
(PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thaworn Jaipetch
- Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi
Campus, Saiyok, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand
| | - Darunee Soorukram
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
(PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chutima Kuhakarn
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
(PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Wu C, Li J, Yan B. A density functional theory study of the mechanism of isomerization of 2-aryl-2H-azirines to 2,3-disubstituted indoles by FeCl2 and Rh2(O2CCF3)4. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:5364-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53172d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang T, Shi S, Pflästerer D, Rettenmeier E, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Synthesis of Polycyclic Indole Skeletons by a Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cascade Reaction. Chemistry 2013; 20:292-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bio-inspired synthesis yields a tricyclic indoline that selectively resensitizes methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to β-lactam antibiotics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:15573-8. [PMID: 24019472 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1310459110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous emergence of resistant bacteria has become a major worldwide health threat. The current development of new antibacterials has lagged far behind. To discover reagents to fight against resistant bacteria, we initiated a chemical approach by synthesizing and screening a small molecule library, reminiscent of the polycyclic indole alkaloids. Indole alkaloids are a class of structurally diverse natural products, many of which were isolated from plants that have been used as traditional medicine for millennia. Specifically, we adapted an evolutionarily conserved biosynthetic strategy and developed a concise and unified diversity synthesis pathway. Using this pathway, we synthesized 120 polycyclic indolines that contain 26 distinct skeletons and a wide variety of functional groups. A tricyclic indoline, Of1, was discovered to selectively potentiate the activity of β-lactam antibiotics in multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), but not in methicillin-sensitive S. aureus. In addition, we found that Of1 itself does not have antiproliferative activity but can resensitize several MRSA strains to the β-lactam antibiotics that are widely used in the clinic, such as an extended-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and a first-generation cephalosporin cefazolin. These data suggest that Of1 is a unique selective resistance-modifying agent for β-lactam antibiotics, and it may be further developed to fight against resistant bacteria in the clinic.
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Heffernan SJ, Tellam JP, Queru ME, Silvanus AC, Benito D, Mahon MF, Hennessy AJ, Andrews BI, Carbery DR. Double Gold-Catalysed Annulation of Indoles by Enynones. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zaimoku H, Hatta T, Taniguchi T, Ishibashi H. Iodine-Mediated α-Acetoxylation of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles. Org Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ol302983t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisaaki Zaimoku
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takashi Hatta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Taniguchi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishibashi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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Murakami Y. Peculiarity of methoxy group-substituted phenylhydrazones in Fischer indole synthesis. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2012; 88:1-17. [PMID: 22241067 PMCID: PMC3278968 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.88.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We found that the Fischer indole synthesis of ethyl pyruvate 2-methoxyphenylhydrazone (5) with HCl/EtOH gave an abnormal product, ethyl 6-chloroindole-2-carboxylate (7), as the main product, with a smaller amount of ethyl 7-methoxyindole-2-carboxylate (6) as the normal product. This abnormal reaction was the result of a cyclization on the side with the substituent (methoxy group) of a benzene ring on phenylhydrazone, which was not previously observed. In this initial investigation, we focused on 1) the application of the above-mentioned abnormal Fischer indole synthesis, 2) the details of this reaction of phenylhydrazone with other kinds of substituents, 3) the mechanism of the first step of the Fischer indole synthesis, 4) the abnormal reaction in methoxydiphenylhydrazones, and 5) a synthetic device to avoid an abnormal reaction. The results of these studies are summarized herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuoki Murakami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, Shiomi-cho 15-8, Choshi, Chiba 288-0025, Japan.
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Alper PB, Nguyen KT. Practical synthesis and elaboration of methyl 7-chloroindole-4-carboxylate. J Org Chem 2003; 68:2051-3. [PMID: 12608837 DOI: 10.1021/jo026434p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of a previously unknown indole derivative is presented. The route reported herein allows for the preparation of multihundred gram quantities of material without any chromatographic purification. Conditions are presented for the Pd-catalyzed elaboration of one of the "diversity generating elements" of this important pharmacophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil B Alper
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins, San Diego, California 92121-1125, USA.
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Quintanilla-Licea R, Teuber HJ. Review on Reactions of Acetylacetaldehyde with Aromatic and Biogenic Amines and Indoles — Synthesis of Heterocycles via Hydroxymethylene Ketones. HETEROCYCLES 2001. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-01-539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Fulzele DP, Heble MR. Large-scale cultivation of Catharanthus roseus cells: production of ajmalicine in a 20-l airlift bioreactor. J Biotechnol 1994; 35:1-7. [PMID: 7765026 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1656(94)90185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bioreactor systems have been developed for the production of ajmalicine, an alkaloid used in the treatment of hypertension. Cell cultures of Catharanthus roseus produced higher levels of ajmalicine (323 micrograms g-1 dry weight) in a production medium enriched with tryptophan. The cell cultures were grown in medium prepared in tap water and market sugar with a view to minimise the costs of production. Large-scale cultivation of cell suspension was performed in a 20-l airlift bioreactor under controlled conditions. An ajmalicine production of 315 micrograms g-1 dry weight was achieved in the bioreactor after 14 d of cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Fulzele
- Plant Biotechnology Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Bombay, India
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Benjamin BD, Kelkar SM, Pote MS, Kaklij GS, Sipahimalani AT, Heble MR. Catharanthus roseus cell cultures: Growth, alkaloid synthesis and antidiabetic activity. Phytother Res 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2650080315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Pindur U, Otto C, Molinier M, Massa W. Diels-Alder Reactions of (1H-Indol-3-yl)-enacetamides and -endiacetamides: A Selective Access to Acetylamino-Functionalized [b]Annelated Indoles and Carbazoles. Helv Chim Acta 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19910740406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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