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Li X, Shang J, Li S, Wang Y. Identification of a Novel Mitochondrial tRNA Mutation in Chinese Family with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2024; 17:149-161. [PMID: 38645701 PMCID: PMC11032666 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s438978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) could be the origin of some type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cases, but the mechanism remained largely unknown. Aim The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a novel mitochondrial tRNACys/tRNATyr A5826G mutation on the development and progression of T2DM. Methods A four-generation Han Chinese family with maternally inherited diabetes underwent clinical, genetic and biochemical analyses. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations of three matrilineal relatives were screened by PCR-Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, to see whether m.A5826G mutations affected mitochondrial functions, the cybrid cell lines were derived from three subjects with m.A5826G mutation and three controls without this mutation. ATP was evaluated by luminescent cell viability assay, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by flow cytometry. The student's two-tailed, unpaired t-test was used to assess the statistical significance between the control and mutant results. Results The age at onset of diabetes in this pedigree varied from 40 to 63 years, with an average of 54 years. Mutational analysis of mitochondrial genomes revealed the presence of a novel m.A5826G mutation. Interestingly, the m.A5826G mutation occurred at the conjunction between tRNACys and tRNATyr, a very conserved position that was critical for tRNAs processing and functions. Using trans-mitochondrial cybrid cells, we found that mutant cells carrying the m.A5826G showed approximately 36.5% and 22.4% reductions in ATP and MMP, respectively. By contrast, mitochondrial ROS levels increased approximately 33.3%, as compared with the wild type cells. Conclusion A novel m.A5826G mutation was identified in a pedigree with T2DM, and this mutation would lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, the genetic spectrum of mitochondrial diabetes was expanded by including m.A5826G mutation in tRNACys/tRNATyr, our study provided novel insight into the molecular pathogenesis, early diagnosis, prevention and clinical treatment for mitochondrial diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolian, 017010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyao Shang
- Department of Endocrinology, Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolian, 017010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolian, 017010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolian, 017010, People’s Republic of China
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Ding Y, Zhang S, Guo Q, Zheng H. Mitochondrial Diabetes is Associated with tRNA Leu(UUR) A3243G and ND6 T14502C Mutations. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1687-1701. [PMID: 35685248 PMCID: PMC9172734 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s363978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In particular, m.A3243G is the most common T2DM-related mtDNA mutation in many families worldwide. However, the clinical features and pathophysiology of m.A3243G-induced T2DM are largely undefined. METHODS Two pedigrees with maternally inherited T2DM were underwent clinical, molecular and biochemical assessments. The mtDNA genes were PCR amplified and sequenced. Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured in polymononuclear leukocytes derived from three patients with both the m.A3243G and m.T14502C mutations, three patients with only the m.A3243G mutation and three controls without these mutations. Moreover, GJB2, GJB3 and GJB6 mutations were screened by PCR-Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Members of the two pedigrees manifestated variable clinical phenotypes including diabetes and hearing and vision impairments. The age at onset of T2DM varied from 31 to 66 years, with an average of 41 years. Mutational analysis of mitochondrial genomes indicated the presence of the m.A3243G mutation in both pedigrees. Matrilineal relatives in one of the pedigrees harbored the coexisting of m.A3243G and m.T14502C mutations. Remarkably, the m.T14502C mutation, which causes the substitution of a conserved isoleucine for valine at position 58 in ND6 mRNA, may affect the mitochondrial respiratory chain functions. Biochemical analysis revealed that cell lines bearing both the m.A3243G and m.T14502C mutations exhibited greater reductions in ATP levels and increased ROS production compared with those carrying only the m.A3243G mutation. However, we did not find any mutations in the GJB2, GJB3 and GJB6 genes. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that mitochondrial diabetes is associated with the tRNALeu(UUR) A3243G and ND6 T14502C mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yu Ding, Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-571-56005600, Email
| | - Shunrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinxian Guo
- Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Qi M, Ping F, Zhang H, Xu L, Li W, Li Y. The Role of Lactate Exercise Test and Fasting Plasma C-Peptide Levels in the Diagnosis of Mitochondrial Diabetes: Analysis of Clinical Characteristics of 12 Patients With Mitochondrial Diabetes in a Single Center With Long-Term Follow-Up. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:835570. [PMID: 35265041 PMCID: PMC8899008 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.835570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and the pattern of long-term changes of fasting plasma C-peptide in patients with mitochondrial diabetes (MD), and to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of MD. METHODS We retrieved MD patients with long-term follow-up at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2005 to July 2021 through the medical record retrieval system and retrospectively analyzed their clinical data, biochemical parameters, fasting plasma C-peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin and treatment regimens. Non-parametric receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the relationship between exercise test-related plasma lactate levels and suffering from MD. RESULTS A total of 12 MD patients were included, with clinical characteristics of early-onset, normal or low body weight, hearing loss, maternal inheritance, and negative islet-related autoantibodies. In addition, patients with MD exhibited significantly higher mean plasma lactate levels immediately after exercise compared to patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) (8.39 ± 2.75 vs. 3.53 ± 1.47 mmol/L, p=0.003) and delayed recovery time after exercise (6.02 ± 2.65 vs. 2.17 ± 1.27 mmol/L, p=0.011). The optimal cut-off points identified were 5.5 and 3.4 mmol/L for plasma lactate levels immediately after and 30 minutes after exercise, respectively. The fasting plasma C-peptide levels decreased as a negative exponential function with disease progression (Y= 1.343*e-0.07776X, R2 = 0.4154). Treatment regimens in MD patients were varied, with no metformin users and a weak correlation between insulin dosage and body weight. CONCLUSIONS The increased level of plasma lactate during exercise or its delayed recovery after exercise would contribute to the diagnosis of MD. Changes of fasting plasma C-peptide in MD patients over the course of the disease indicated a rapid decline in the early stages, followed by a gradual slowing rate of decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Hospital of Shunyi District, Beijing, China
| | - Mengya Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Ping
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huabing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Tabebi M, Safi W, Felhi R, Alila Fersi O, Keskes L, Abid M, Mnif M, Fakhfakh F. The first concurrent detection of mitochondrial DNA m.3243A>G mutation, deletion, and depletion in a family with mitochondrial diabetes. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1292. [PMID: 32394641 PMCID: PMC7336730 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial diabetes (MD) is a rare monogenic form of diabetes and divided into type l and type 2. It is characterized by a strong familial clustering of diabetes with the presence of maternal transmission in conjunction with bilateral hearing impairment in most of the carriers. The most common form of MD is associated with the m.3243A>G mutation in the mitochondrial MT-TL1, but there are also association with a range of other point mutations, deletion, and depletion in mtDNA. METHODS The mitochondrial genome anomalies were investigated in a family with clinical features of MD, which includes a proband presenting severe MD conditions including cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, and psychomotor retardation. RESULTS By investigating the patient's blood leukocytes and skeletal muscle, we identified the m.3243A>G mutation in heteroplasmic state. This mutation was absent in the rest of the family members. In addition, our analysis revealed in the proband a large mtDNA heteroplasmic deletion (~1 kb) and a reduction in mtDNA copy number. CONCLUSION Our study points out, for the first time, a severe phenotypic expression of the m.3243A>G point mutation in association with mtDNA deletion and depletion in MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Tabebi
- Molecular and Functional Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Wajdi Safi
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetology, CHU Hedi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rahma Felhi
- Molecular and Functional Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Alila Fersi
- Molecular and Functional Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Leila Keskes
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Abid
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetology, CHU Hedi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Mnif
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetology, CHU Hedi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Faiza Fakhfakh
- Molecular and Functional Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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