1
|
Sanabrais-Jiménez MA, Esquivel-López AA, Sotelo-Ramírez CE, Aguilar-García A, Ordoñez-Martínez B, Jiménez-Pavón J, Madrigal-Lara MV, Díaz-Vivanco AJ, Camarena B. NR3C1 and NR3C2 Genes Increase the Risk of Suicide Attempt in Psychiatric Disorder Patients with History of Childhood Trauma. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:2561-2571. [PMID: 38035135 PMCID: PMC10683665 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s431176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis gene variants and childhood trauma (CT) are considered risk factors for suicide attempt (SA). The aim of the present study was analyzed gene x environment (GxE) interaction of NR3C1, NR3C2, and CT, and NR3C1 and NR3C2 gene expression in the development of SA with CT. Participants and Methods A total of 516 psychiatric Mexican patients from Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. Among them, 274 had SA at least once and 242 had not SA. Genetic variants of NR3C1 and NR3C2 were genotyped in all the patients, of which were obtained the CT information from medical records. Additionally, the gene expression of NR3C1 and NR3C2 was also analyzed for a subsample of 96 patients, obtaining the TC information from Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Results The analysis showed a GxE interaction of NR3C1, NR3C2, and CT (OR=2.8, 95% CI [1.9-3.9], p<0.0001). Interactions were also observed with neglect (OR=2.1, 95% CI [1.4-3.1], p<0.0001), emotional abuse (OR=2.1, 95% CI [1.5-3], p<0.0001), and sexual abuse (OR=2.4, 95% CI [1.4-2.9], p<0.0001) in the prediction of SA. The analysis of gene expression identified an overexpression of NR3C1 in SA patients with high scores for physical and sexual abuse (p<0.0001; p<0.0006, respectively) and emotional neglect (p=0.014). An underexpression was observed of NR3C2, associated with high scores of trauma subtypes (p<0.0001) except physical neglect. Additionally, we observed an overexpression of NR3C1 gene in patients with SA carriers of A allele of rs6191 (p=0.0015). Also, overexpression of NR3C1 gene in carriers of G allele of rs6198 and underexpression of NR3C2 gene in carriers of G allele of rs5522 (p<0.0001). Conclusion Our findings suggest that genetic variants of NR3C1 and NR3C2 differentially affect expression levels, increasing the susceptibility to SA in psychiatric patients with a history of CT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayerim Alma Esquivel-López
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carlo Esteban Sotelo-Ramírez
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Aguilar-García
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Bruno Ordoñez-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Joanna Jiménez-Pavón
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - María Victoria Madrigal-Lara
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Alan Jair Díaz-Vivanco
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Camarena
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin Z, Lu Y, Li S, Li Y, Li H, Li L, Wang L. Effect of eplerenone on cognitive impairment in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:3864-3878. [PMID: 35836906 PMCID: PMC9274607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to determine the effect of blocking brain mineralocorticoid receptor on cognitive impairment in spontaneously hypertensive rats and its intracellular changes. METHODS 12-week-old male spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were given eplerenone (EPL, 30 mg/Kg/d or 100 mg/Kg/d) or pure water via oral gavage daily for 8 weeks. Effects of blocking brain mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) on cognitive function were examined through cognitive behavioral experiments. The morphology of hippocampal neurons was observed. Synaptic proteins and autophagy levels were detected by western blot. RESULTS The results showed decreases in both short-term working memory and long-term spatial learning and memory ability, hippocampal neuron damage, and reduced expression of synaptic proteins in the SHR-Veh group. Impaired autophagy was found in the SHR-Veh group as evidenced by decreased expression levels of Beclin-1 protein and a defect in P62 degradation. These abnormalities were reversed by eplerenone, either the high dosage or low dosage. Reduced cognitive dysfunction and enhanced autophagy in hippocampal neurons in both SHR-EPL30 group and SHR-EPL100 group were independent of lowering blood pressure. CONCLUSION Eplerenone improves cognitive deficits observed in SHRs, and increases autophagy in hippocampal neurons of SHRs, which suggests a new site of MR antagonists in treatment of hypertension-related cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiao Lin
- Department of Geriatrics, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical SciencesTaiyuan 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical SciencesTaiyuan 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical SciencesTaiyuan 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Yiying Li
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical SciencesTaiyuan 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical SciencesTaiyuan 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical SciencesTaiyuan 030032, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Morales M, Martín-Vasallo P, Ávila J. Genetic Profiling of Glucocorticoid (NR3C1) and Mineralocorticoid (NR3C2) Receptor Polymorphisms before Starting Therapy with Androgen Receptor Inhibitors: A Study of a Patient Who Developed Toxic Myocarditis after Enzalutamide Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061271. [PMID: 35740293 PMCID: PMC9220762 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzalutamide is a nonsteroidal inhibitor of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway and is used to treat patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, the risk of cardiovascular-related hospitalization in patients with no contraindications for the use of enzalutamide is about 1–2%. To date, the underlying molecular basis of this has not been established. The androgen receptor, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) are nuclear receptors that share structural similarities and have closely related DNA-binding sites and coregulators. In non-epithelial cells, a fine balance of the activities of these receptors is essential to ensure correct cellular function. In this study, we present a molecular characterization of these nuclear receptors in a prostate cancer patient who developed congestive heart failure after enzalutamide treatment. White cell RNAseq revealed a homozygous rs5522 MR polymorphism and both the rs143711342 and rs56149945 GR polymorphisms, carried in different alleles. No different specific splice isoforms were detected. Recent research suggests that AR inhibition by enzalutamide makes available a coregulator that specifically interacts with the rs5522-mutated MR, increasing its activity and producing adverse effects on cardiovascular health. We suggest an evaluation of the MR rs5522 polymorphism before starting therapy with AR inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Morales
- Service of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Pablo Martín-Vasallo
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, UD de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain;
| | - Julio Ávila
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, UD de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Van der Auwera S, Klinger-König J, Wittfeld K, Terock J, Hannemann A, Bülow R, Nauck M, Völker U, Völzke H, Grabe HJ. The interplay between genetic variation and gene expression of the glucocorticoid receptor gene NR3C1 and blood cortisol levels on verbal memory and hippocampal volumes. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:1505-1516. [PMID: 35579746 PMCID: PMC9653325 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01420-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis is the main physiological stress response system and regulating the release of cortisol. The two corticoid receptors encoded by the genes NR3C1 and NR3C2 are the main players in regulating the physiological response to cortisol. This biological system has been linked to neurocognitive processes and memory, yet the mechanisms remain largely unclear. In two independent general population studies (SHIP, total sample size > 5500), we aim to diseantangle the effects of genetic variation, gene expression and cortisol on verbal memory and memory associated brain volume. Especially for NR3C1 results exhibited a consistent pattern of direct an interactive effects. All three biological layers, genetic variation (rs56149945), gene expression for NR3C1 and cortisol levels, were directly associated with verbal memory. Interactions between these components showed significant effects on verbal memory as well as hippocampal volume. For NR3C2 such a complex association pattern could not be observed. Our analyses revealed that different components of the stress response system are acting together on different aspects of cognition. Complex phenotypes, such as cognition and memory function are regulated by a complex interplay between different genetic and epigenetic features. We promote the glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 as a main target to focus in the context of verbal memory and provided a mechanistic concept of the interaction between various biological layers spanning NR3C1 function and its effects on memory. Especially the NR3C1 transcript seemed to be a key element in this complex system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Johanna Klinger-König
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Terock
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Rostocker Chaussee, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Anke Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robin Bülow
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Terock J, Van der Auwera S, Janowitz D, Wittfeld K, Teumer A, Grabe HJ. Functional polymorphisms of the mineralocorticoid receptor gene NR3C2 are associated with diminished memory decline: Results from a longitudinal general-population study. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1345. [PMID: 32558353 PMCID: PMC7507013 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in the brain has a key role in the regulation of the central stress response and is associated with memory performance. We investigated whether the genetic polymorphisms rs5522 and rs2070951 of NR3C2 showed main and interactive effects with childhood trauma on memory decline. METHODS Declarative memory was longitudinally assessed in 1,318 participants from the community-dwelling Study of Health in Pomerania using the Verbal Learning and Memory Test (VLMT). In a subsample of 377 participants aged 60 and older, the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) was additionally applied. Mean follow-up time for the VLMT and MMSE were 6.4 and 10.7 years, respectively. RESULTS Homozygous carriers of the G allele of rs2070951 (p < .01) and of the A allele of rs5522 (p < .001) showed higher immediate recall of words as compared to carriers of C allele (rs2070951) or the G allele (rs5522). The CG haplotype was associated with decreased recall (p < .001). Likewise, in the subsample of older patients, the AA genotype of rs5522 was associated with higher MMSE scores (p < .05). CG haplotypes showed significantly reduced MMSE scores in comparison to the reference haplotype (β = -0.60; p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the GG genotype of rs2070951 as well as the AA genotype of rs5522 are associated with diminished memory decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Terock
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Helios Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|