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Sun L, Dai J, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Ren Y, Wang H. A novel NTRK1 splice site variant causing congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis in a Chinese family. Front Genet 2024; 15:1345081. [PMID: 38798698 PMCID: PMC11116696 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1345081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA, OMIM #256800), also known as hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type Ⅳ (HSAN-IV), is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent episodic fevers, anhidrosis, insensitivity to noxious stimuli, self-mutilating behavior and intellectual disability. CIPA can be caused by the variants in NTRK1 gene, which encodes a high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptor for nerve growth factor. To ascertain the hereditary cause of a patient with CIPA accompanied by the additional symptoms of mild growth retardation, prone to fracture, underdeveloped nails of fingers and toes, irregular tooth alignment, enamel hypoplasia, postoperative wound healing difficulty, hand and limb deformity, and dislocation of hip joint, whole exome sequencing was used and revealed a compound heterozygous variant in NTRK1. Methods DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of pediatric patients and their parents, and subjected to comprehensive analysis using whole-exome sequencing (WES), followed by verification of variant sites in the NTRK1 gene through Sanger sequencing. To elucidate the functional impact of the newly discovered variants, an in vitro experimental system was established. Splicing analysis was conducted using PCR and Sanger sequencing, while expression levels were assessed through qPCR and Western blot techniques. Results One hotspot variant c.851-33T>A(ClinVar ID: 21308) and a novel variant c.850 + 5G>A(ClinVar ID:3069176) was inherited from her father and mother, respectively, identified in the affected individuals. The c.850 + 5G>A variant in NTRK1 resulted in two forms of aberrant mRNA splicing: 13bp deletion (c.838_850del13, p. Val280Ser fs180) and 25bp deletion (826_850del25, p. Val276Ser fs180) in exon 7, both leading to a translational termination at a premature stop codon and forming a C-terminal truncated protein. The expression of two abnormal splicing isoforms was decreased both in the level of mRNA and protein. Conclusion In conclusion, this study elucidated the genetic cause of a patient with CIPA and identified a novel variant c.850 + 5G>A in NTRK1, which broadened the and enriched the NTRK1 mutation spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Pediatric Research, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Pediatric Research, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaqiong Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Pediatric Research, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Pediatric Research, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Presto P, Sehar U, Kopel J, Reddy PH. Mechanisms of pain in aging and age-related conditions: Focus on caregivers. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102249. [PMID: 38417712 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Pain is a complex, subjective experience that can significantly impact quality of life, particularly in aging individuals, by adversely affecting physical and emotional well-being. Whereas acute pain usually serves a protective function, chronic pain is a persistent pathological condition that contributes to functional deficits, cognitive decline, and emotional disturbances in the elderly. Despite substantial progress that has been made in characterizing age-related changes in pain, complete mechanistic details of pain processing mechanisms in the aging patient remain unknown. Pain is particularly under-recognized and under-managed in the elderly, especially among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Alzheimer's disease-related dementias (ADRD), and other age-related conditions. Furthermore, difficulties in assessing pain in patients with AD/ADRD and other age-related conditions may contribute to the familial caregiver burden. The purpose of this article is to discuss the mechanisms and risk factors for chronic pain development and persistence, with a particular focus on age-related changes. Our article also highlights the importance of caregivers working with aging chronic pain patients, and emphasizes the urgent need for increased legislative awareness and improved pain management in these populations to substantially alleviate caregiver burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton Presto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Jonathan Kopel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, School of Population and Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Yang K, Wu J, Li S, Wang S, Zhang J, Wang YP, Yan YS, Hu HY, Xiong MF, Bai CB, Sun YQ, Chen WQ, Zeng Y, Yuan JL, Yin CH. NTRK1 knockdown induces mouse cognitive impairment and hippocampal neuronal damage through mitophagy suppression via inactivating the AMPK/ULK1/FUNDC1 pathway. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:404. [PMID: 37907480 PMCID: PMC10618268 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal neuronal damage may induce cognitive impairment. Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 1 (NTRK1) reportedly regulates neuronal damage, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of NTRK1 in mouse hippocampal neuronal damage and the specific mechanism. A mouse NTRK1-knockdown model was established and subjected to pre-treatment with BAY-3827, followed by a behavioral test, Nissl staining, and NeuN immunofluorescence (IF) staining to evaluate the cognitive impairment and hippocampal neuronal damage. Next, an in vitro analysis was conducted using the CCK-8 assay, TUNEL assay, NeuN IF staining, DCFH-DA staining, JC-1 staining, ATP content test, mRFP-eGFP-LC3 assay, and LC3-II IF staining to elucidate the effect of NTRK1 on mouse hippocampal neuronal activity, apoptosis, damage, mitochondrial function, and autophagy. Subsequently, rescue experiments were performed by subjecting the NTRK1-knockdown neurons to pre-treatment with O304 and Rapamycin. The AMPK/ULK1/FUNDC1 pathway activity and mitophagy were detected using western blotting (WB) analysis. Resultantly, in vivo analysis revealed that NTRK1 knockdown induced mouse cognitive impairment and hippocampal tissue damage, in addition to inactivating the AMPK/ULK1/FUNDC1 pathway activity and mitophagy in the hippocampal tissues of mice. The treatment with BAY-3827 exacerbated the mouse depressive-like behavior induced by NTRK1 knockdown. The results of in vitro analysis indicated that NTRK1 knockdown attenuated viability, NeuN expression, ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitophagy, while enhancing apoptosis and ROS production in mouse hippocampal neurons. Conversely, pre-treatment with O304 and rapamycin abrogated the suppression of mitophagy and the promotion of neuronal damage induced upon NTRK1 silencing. Conclusively, NTRK1 knockdown induces mouse hippocampal neuronal damage through the suppression of mitophagy via inactivating the AMPK/ULK1/FUNDC1 pathway. This finding would provide insight leading to the development of novel strategies for the treatment of cognitive impairment induced due to hippocampal neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital; Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Jue Wu
- Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, China
| | - Yi-Peng Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital; Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - You-Sheng Yan
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital; Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Hua-Ying Hu
- Medical Innovation Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ming-Fang Xiong
- Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Chao-Bo Bai
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yong-Qing Sun
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital; Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Wen-Qi Chen
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, China
| | - Yang Zeng
- Institute of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Jun-Liang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Cheng-Hong Yin
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital; Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China.
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Li S, Hu HY, Xu JJ, Feng ZK, Sun YQ, Chen X, Yang K, Li YZ, Zhang DL. Identification of novel variations in the NTRK1 gene causing congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1839. [PMID: 34674383 PMCID: PMC8606206 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP) conditions are a group of Mendelian disorders with clinical and genetic heterogeneity. CIP with anhidrosis (CIPA) is a distinct subtype caused by biallelic variants in the NTRK1 gene. Methods In this study, six families with CIPA were recruited and submitted to a series of clinical and genetic examinations. Whole‐exome sequencing and whole‐genome sequencing were applied to perform a comprehensive genetic analysis. Sanger sequencing was used as a validation method. Results These patients exhibited phenotypic variability. All probands in the six families were positive for biallelic pathogenic variants in NTRK1. Five individual variants, namely NTRK1: (NM_002529.3) c.851‐33T>A, c.717+2T>C, c.1806‐2A>G, c.1251+1G>A, and c.851‐794C>G, including three novel ones, were identified, which were carried by the six patients in a homozygous or compound heterozygous way. The validation results indicated that all the parents of the six probands, except for one father and one mother, were monoallelic carriers of a single variant. Conclusions The findings in our study extended the variation spectrum of the NTRK1 gene and highlighted the advantage of the integrated application of multiplatform genetic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Ying Hu
- Jiaen Genetics Laboratory, Beijing Jiaen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Jun Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan-Ke Feng
- Jiaen Genetics Laboratory, Beijing Jiaen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Qing Sun
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Zhou Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dong-Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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