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Charalsawadi C, Jaruratanasirikul S, Hnoonual A, Chantarapong A, Sangmanee P, Trongnit S, Jinawath N, Limprasert P. Case report: Molecular analysis of a 47,XY,+21/46,XX chimera using SNP microarray and review of literature. Front Genet 2022; 13:802362. [PMID: 36468027 PMCID: PMC9709885 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.802362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimerism is a very rare genetic finding in human. Most reported cases have a chi 46,XX/46,XY karyotype. Only three non-twin cases carrying both trisomy 21 and a normal karyotype have been reported, including two cases with a chi 47,XY,+21/46,XX karyotype and a case with a chi 47,XX,+21/46,XY karyotype. Herein we describe an additional case with a chi 47,XY,+21/46,XX karyotype. For the case, a physical examination at the age of 1 year revealed ambiguous genitalia with no features of Down syndrome or other malformations. Growth and developmental milestones were within normal ranges. We performed short tandem repeat (STR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray analyses to attempt to identify the mechanism underlying the chimerism in this patient and the origin of the extra chromosome 21. Cytogenetic analyses of the patient's peripheral blood revealed approximately 17% of a 47,XY,+21 lineage by G-banding karyotype analysis, 13%-17% by FISH analyses of uncultured peripheral blood, and 10%-15% by SNP microarray analysis. Four years later, the percentage of trisomy 21 cells had decreased to approximately 6%. SNP microarray and STR analyses revealed a single maternal and double paternal genetic contribution to the patient for the majority of the markers, including the chromosome 21 markers. The extra chromosome 21 was paternally derived and meiosis I nondisjunction likely occurred during spermatogenesis. The mechanisms underlying chimera in our case was likely fertilization two spermatozoa, one with an ovum and the other with the second polar body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chariyawan Charalsawadi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Genomic Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | - Areerat Hnoonual
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Genomic Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Aussanai Chantarapong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Pornsiri Sangmanee
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sasipong Trongnit
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Natini Jinawath
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
- Integrative Computational Bioscience Center (ICBS), Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pornprot Limprasert
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Genomic Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Vasquez Kuntz KL, Kitchen SA, Conn TL, Vohsen SA, Chan AN, Vermeij MJA, Page C, Marhaver KL, Baums IB. Inheritance of somatic mutations by animal offspring. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn0707. [PMID: 36044584 PMCID: PMC9432832 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Since 1892, it has been widely assumed that somatic mutations are evolutionarily irrelevant in animals because they cannot be inherited by offspring. However, some nonbilaterians segregate the soma and germline late in development or never, leaving the evolutionary fate of their somatic mutations unknown. By investigating uni- and biparental reproduction in the coral Acropora palmata (Cnidaria, Anthozoa), we found that uniparental, meiotic offspring harbored 50% of the 268 somatic mutations present in their parent. Thus, somatic mutations accumulated in adult coral animals, entered the germline, and were passed on to swimming larvae that grew into healthy juvenile corals. In this way, somatic mutations can increase allelic diversity and facilitate adaptation across habitats and generations in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheila A. Kitchen
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Trinity L. Conn
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Samuel A. Vohsen
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Andrea N. Chan
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mark J. A. Vermeij
- CARMABI Foundation, Willemstad, Curaçao
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher Page
- Elizabeth Moore International Center for Coral Reef Research and Restoration, Mote Marine Laboratory, Summerland Key, FL, USA
- School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Iliana B. Baums
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Yu PT, Shu W, Mok SL, Hui PW, Chan LW, Kwok KY, Chan KYK, Lo TK, Chung BHY, Luk HM, Kan ASY. Prenatal presentation in two fetuses with features of Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome-An unexpected diagnosis of androgenetic chimera and its clinical implications. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1562-1567. [PMID: 35179302 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS, OMIM 130650) is an imprinting disorder that may present antenatally with a constellation of sonographic features namely polyhydramnios, macrosomia, macroglossia, omphalocele, placental mesenchymal dysplasia, cardiomegaly, nephromegaly, fetal hydrops, and other rare anomalies. Paternal uniparental disomy in chromosome 11p15 imprinting region accounts for 20% of all BWS, and 8% among those were due to genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy (GWpUPD). GWpUPD is a rare condition and usually results in prenatal lethality. The 31 liveborns reported in the literature demonstrate female predominance in surviving GWpUPD. Here, we reported two prenatal cases which initially presented with features suggestive of BWS, which subsequently were confirmed to have GWpUPD. Further trio SNP genotyping analysis using SNP-based chromosomal microarray revealed androgenetic biparental chimera as the underlying cause. Finally, we highlighted the importance of recognizing GWpUPD as a possible cause in a fetus presenting with BWS phenotype, as it carried a different disease prognosis, tumor predisposition, manifestations of other imprinting disorders, and possibility in unmasking autosomal recessive disorders from the paternal alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Tak Yu
- Clinical Genetic Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - Wendy Shu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Sau-Lan Mok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Pui-Wah Hui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Lin-Wai Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Yin Kwok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Kelvin Y K Chan
- Prenatal Diagnostic Laboratory, Tsan Yuk Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Tsz-Kin Lo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Brian H Y Chung
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ho-Ming Luk
- Clinical Genetic Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - Anita S Y Kan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.,Prenatal Diagnostic Laboratory, Tsan Yuk Hospital, Hong Kong
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