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Vinci M, Vitello GA, Greco D, Treccarichi S, Ragalmuto A, Musumeci A, Fallea A, Federico C, Calì F, Saccone S, Elia M. Next Generation Sequencing and Electromyography Reveal the Involvement of the P2RX6 Gene in Myopathy. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1150-1163. [PMID: 38392191 PMCID: PMC10887510 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ion channelopathies result from impaired ion channel protein function, due to mutations affecting ion transport across cell membranes. Over 40 diseases, including neuropathy, pain, migraine, epilepsy, and ataxia, are associated with ion channelopathies, impacting electrically excitable tissues and significantly affecting skeletal muscle. Gene mutations affecting transmembrane ionic flow are strongly linked to skeletal muscle disorders, particularly myopathies, disrupting muscle excitability and contraction. Electromyography (EMG) analysis performed on a patient who complained of weakness and fatigue revealed the presence of primary muscular damage, suggesting an early-stage myopathy. Whole exome sequencing (WES) did not detect potentially causative variants in known myopathy-associated genes but revealed a novel homozygous deletion of the P2RX6 gene likely disrupting protein function. The P2RX6 gene, predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle, is an ATP-gated ion channel receptor belonging to the purinergic receptors (P2RX) family. In addition, STRING pathways suggested a correlation with more proteins having a plausible role in myopathy. No previous studies have reported the implication of this gene in myopathy. Further studies are needed on patients with a defective ion channel pathway, and the use of in vitro functional assays in suppressing P2RX6 gene expression will be required to validate its functional role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Concetta Federico
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Saccone
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
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Castro A, Tun K, Petzey L, Soorneela S, Bainbridge R, Pollack R. Spastic Paralysis in a Full-Term Newborn. Neoreviews 2023; 24:e587-e590. [PMID: 37653084 DOI: 10.1542/neo.24-9-e587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Castro
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neonatology, NYC Health and Hospitals/Lincoln Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Khin Tun
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neonatology, NYC Health and Hospitals/Lincoln Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Larissa Petzey
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neonatology, NYC Health and Hospitals/Lincoln Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Shrawani Soorneela
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neonatology, NYC Health and Hospitals/Lincoln Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ronald Bainbridge
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neonatology, NYC Health and Hospitals/Lincoln Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Rebecca Pollack
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neonatology, NYC Health and Hospitals/Lincoln Medical Center, New York, NY
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Gómez-Andrés D, Oulhissane A, Quijano-Roy S. Two decades of advances in muscle imaging in children: from pattern recognition of muscle diseases to quantification and machine learning approaches. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:1038-1050. [PMID: 34736625 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Muscle imaging has progressively gained popularity in the neuromuscular field. Together with detailed clinical examination and muscle biopsy, it has become one of the main tools for deep phenotyping and orientation of etiological diagnosis. Even in the current era of powerful new generation sequencing, muscle MRI has arisen as a tool for prioritization of certain genetic entities, supporting the pathogenicity of variants of unknown significance and facilitating diagnosis in cases with an initially inconclusive genetic study. Although the utility of muscle imaging is increasingly clear, it has not reached its full potential in clinical practice. Pattern recognition is known for a number of diseases and will certainly be enhanced by the use of machine learning approaches. For instance, MRI heatmap representations might be confronted with molecular results by obtaining a probabilistic diagnosis based in each disease "MRI fingerprints". Muscle ultrasound as a screening tool and quantified techniques such as Dixon MRI seem still underdeveloped. In this paper, we aim to appraise the advances in recent years in pediatric muscle imaging and try to define areas of uncertainty and potential advances that might become standardized to be widely used in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gómez-Andrés
- Pediatric Neurology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, ERN-RND - EURO-NMD, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; European Network for Reference Centers on Neuromuscular Disorders (Euro-NMD ERN)
| | - Amal Oulhissane
- Université Paris-Saclay, APHP, Neuromuscular Unit, Pediatric Neurology and ICU Department, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, 92390 Garches, France
| | - Susana Quijano-Roy
- Université Paris-Saclay, APHP, Neuromuscular Unit, Pediatric Neurology and ICU Department, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, 92390 Garches, France; UMR 1179, Laboratoire handicap neuromusculaire: physiopathologie biothérapie pharmacologie appliquées (END-ICAP), UFR Simone Veil, Montigny Le Bretonneux, France; French Network of Neuromuscular Reference Centers (FILNEMUS), France.
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Huang S, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Xiong H, Chang X. Centronuclear myopathy due to a de novo nonsense variant and a maternally inherited splice-site variant in TTN: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04478. [PMID: 34295493 PMCID: PMC8283857 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing has resulted in an explosion of rare de novo TTN variants. The clinical interpretation of these de novo variants in patients with recessive titinopathy is very difficult. Here, we provided a useful way to identify compound heterozygous mutations with a de novo one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Huang
- Department of PediatricsPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of NeurologyWuhan Children's HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science & TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yinan Ma
- Department of Central LaboratoryPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of PediatricsPeking University International HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of PediatricsPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xingzhi Chang
- Department of PediatricsPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The last few years have confirmed previous assumptions of an enormous impact of the titin gene (TTN) on the occurrence of muscle disease, cardiomyopathy, or both together. The reason for this rather late understanding of its importance is because of the huge size which prevented sequencing of the whole gene by the previous Sanger technique in the individual cases. An update of the advances in diagnosing titinopathies is the main focus of this review. RECENT FINDINGS High throughput methods are now widely available for TTN sequencing and a corresponding explosion of different types of identified titinopathies is observed and published in the literature, although final confirmation is lacking in many cases with recessive missense variants. SUMMARY The implications of these findings for clinical practice are easy to understand: patients with previously undiagnosed muscle disease can now have a correct diagnosis and subsequently receive a likely prognosis, can have accurate genetic counseling for the whole family and early treatment for predictable complications from the heart and respiratory muscles. In addition not to forget, they can avoid wrong diagnoses leading to wrong treatments.
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Al Hajri Q, Dash S, Feng WC, Garner HR, Anandakrishnan R. Identifying multi-hit carcinogenic gene combinations: Scaling up a weighted set cover algorithm using compressed binary matrix representation on a GPU. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2022. [PMID: 32029803 PMCID: PMC7005272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research, effective treatments for most cancers remain elusive. One reason is that different instances of cancer result from different combinations of multiple genetic mutations (hits). Therefore, treatments that may be effective in some cases are not effective in others. We previously developed an algorithm for identifying combinations of carcinogenic genes with mutations (multi-hit combinations), which could suggest a likely cause for individual instances of cancer. Most cancers are estimated to require three or more hits. However, the computational complexity of the algorithm scales exponentially with the number of hits, making it impractical for identifying combinations of more than two hits. To identify combinations of greater than two hits, we used a compressed binary matrix representation, and optimized the algorithm for parallel execution on an NVIDIA V100 graphics processing unit (GPU). With these enhancements, the optimized GPU implementation was on average an estimated 12,144 times faster than the original integer matrix based CPU implementation, for the 3-hit algorithm, allowing us to identify 3-hit combinations. The 3-hit combinations identified using a training set were able to differentiate between tumor and normal samples in a separate test set with 90% overall sensitivity and 93% overall specificity. We illustrate how the distribution of mutations in tumor and normal samples in the multi-hit gene combinations can suggest potential driver mutations for further investigation. With experimental validation, these combinations may provide insight into the etiology of cancer and a rational basis for targeted combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qais Al Hajri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Sajal Dash
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Wu-Chun Feng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Harold R Garner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
- Gibbs Cancer Center and Research Institute, Spartanburg, SC, 29303, USA
| | - Ramu Anandakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
- Gibbs Cancer Center and Research Institute, Spartanburg, SC, 29303, USA.
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Jang JY, Park Y, Jang DH, Jang JH, Ryu JS. Two novel mutations in TTN of a patient with congenital myopathy: A case report. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e866. [PMID: 31332964 PMCID: PMC6687639 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early‐onset myopathies show a wide spectrum of phenotypes and are composed of various types of inherited neuromuscular diseases, making it difficult to diagnose. TTN mutation‐related myopathy is a known cause of early‐onset myopathy. Since a next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled sequencing of the vast amount of DNA, TTN, which is the longest coding sequence of any human gene, mutations can now be revealed. We report a 10‐year‐old female with severe congenital muscular weakness and delayed motor development since birth. Methods Next‐generation sequencing as well as electromyography and muscle biopsy were performed. Results To date, she is incapable of walking alone. Her younger sister had similar but more severe symptoms with respiratory failure. In electromyography, short‐duration, small‐amplitude motor unit action potential, and early recruitment patterns were observed in the involved proximal muscles, suggesting myopathy. Muscle histopathology showed a specific atrophy of increased fiber size variability, frequent nuclear internalization, as well as degeneration and regeneration of fibers with type I fiber predominance, consistent with the findings of a previous report about congenital titinopathy. A NGS study revealed two different possible pathogenic variants in TTN: (a) canonical splicing mutation in the intron 105 (c. 29963‐1G>C) and (b) frameshift and truncating mutation in the exon 339 (c.92812dup/p.Arg30938LysfsTer15). All variants were confirmed by conventional Sanger sequencing. Conclusion We propose that unbiased genomic sequencing can be helpful in screening patients with early‐onset myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Young Jang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yulhyun Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Jang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Ju Seok Ryu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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