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Tae BS, Ahn ST, Yoo JW, Song MS, Choi H, Bae JH, Park JY. Is There a Difference in the Incidence of Depression between Radiation and Surgical Treatments in Patients with Prostate Cancer? World J Mens Health 2024; 42:237-244. [PMID: 38171378 PMCID: PMC10782121 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with cancer have a high risk of depression. However, a few studies have assessed differences in the incidence of depression among patients with prostate cancer (PC) based on whether they received radiotherapy (RTx) or surgical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed data from the National Health Insurance Sharing Service database regarding the entire Korean adult population with PC (n=210,924) between 2007 and 2017. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of depression associated with treatment were estimated using propensity score-matched Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. RESULTS Our final cohort comprised 9,456 patients with PC; of which, 8,050 men underwent surgery. During a mean follow-up duration of 7.1 years, 503 (5.3%) patients were newly diagnosed with depression. A significant difference in the incidence of depression was noted between the RTx and surgery groups (RTx vs. surgery: 5.55% vs. 5.28%; p=0.011) in the unmatched cohort. In the matched cohort, older age (≥70 years, HR: 1.596, p<0.001) and poor Charlson comorbidity index scores (HR: 1.232, p=0.039) were correlated with the risk of depression. In addition, the adjusted HR for depression in the surgery group was 0.843 (p=0.221) compared with that in the RTx group. Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that no significant difference in the cumulative probability of persistent depression was detected between the RTx and surgery groups in matched cohort (p=0.3386). CONCLUSIONS In this nationwide population-based study, no significant differences in the risk of depression were observed between the surgical and RTx groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Sik Tae
- Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Sun Tae Ahn
- Department of Urology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Wan Yoo
- Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Min Sung Song
- Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hoon Choi
- Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Bae
- Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jae Young Park
- Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea.
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Singh V, Shirbhate E, Kore R, Mishra A, Johariya V, Veerasamy R, Tiwari AK, Rajak H. Dietary Plant Metabolites Induced Epigenetic Modification as a Novel Strategy for the Management of Prostate Cancer. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1409-1426. [PMID: 38385496 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575283895240207065454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a widespread malignancy among men, with a substantial global impact on morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in conventional therapies, the need for innovative and less toxic treatments remains a priority. Emerging evidence suggests that dietary plant metabolites possess epigenetic-modifying properties, making them attractive candidates for prostate cancer treatment. The present work reviews the epigenetic effects of dietary plant metabolites in the context of prostate cancer therapy. We first outline the key epigenetic mechanisms involved in prostate cancer pathogenesis, including histone modifications, DNA methylation, and miRNA or Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) dysregulation. Next, we delve into the vast array of dietary plant metabolites that have demonstrated promising anti-cancer effects through epigenetic regulation. Resveratrol, minerals, isothiocyanates, curcumin, tea polyphenols, soy isoflavones and phytoestrogens, garlic compounds, anthocyanins, lycopene, and indoles are among the most extensively studied compounds. These plant-derived bioactive compounds have been shown to influence DNA methylation patterns, histone modifications, and microRNA expression, thereby altering the gene expression allied with prostate cancer progression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. We also explore preclinical and clinical studies investigating the efficacy of dietary plant metabolites as standalone treatments or in combination with traditional treatments for people with prostate cancer. The present work highlights the potential of dietary plant metabolites as epigenetic modulators to treat prostate cancer. Continued research in this field may pave the way for personalized and precision medicine approaches, moving us closer to the goal of improved prostate cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidash Vishwavidyalaya University, Bilaspur-495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Ekta Shirbhate
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidash Vishwavidyalaya University, Bilaspur-495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Rakesh Kore
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidash Vishwavidyalaya University, Bilaspur-495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Aditya Mishra
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidash Vishwavidyalaya University, Bilaspur-495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Varsha Johariya
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidash Vishwavidyalaya University, Bilaspur-495 009, (C.G.), India
| | - Ravichandran Veerasamy
- Departement of Pharmaceutical chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, 08100 Bedong, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- UAMS College of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UAMS - University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas, (AR) USA
| | - Harish Rajak
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidash Vishwavidyalaya University, Bilaspur-495 009, (C.G.), India
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Iqbal MS, Peng K, Sardar N, Iqbal MH, Ghani MU, Tanvir F, Gu D, Guohua Z, Duan X. Interleukins-6 -174G/C (rs1800795) and -572C/G (rs1800796) polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk. Mol Immunol 2023; 164:88-97. [PMID: 37989067 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is an aggressive cancer influenced by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Amongst these risk factors, the impact of Interleukin6 (IL6) gene polymorphisms in PCa risk has received a lot of attention. IL-6 is a cytokine that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several malignancies, including PCa. Two IL-6 gene polymorphisms, - 174 G/C (rs1800795) and - 572 C/G (rs1800796), have received intellectual attention due to their potential role as modulators of prostate cancer risk. The main objective of this research was to comprehensively explore the potential associations between IL-6 rs1800795 and rs1800796 polymorphisms, and their impact on the occurrence of PCa. A case-control study was carried out with a well-defined cohort comprising 110 PCa cases and 110 controls (total n = 220). The genotyping of rs1800795 and rs1800796 was carefully performed using the highly sensitive and accurate Polymerase Chain Reaction-High Resolution Melting Curve (PCR-HRM) technique. The assessment of genetic associations was evaluated using various R packages, such as Haplo-Stats, SNP stat, pheatmap, and LD heatmap. The present study applied odds ratio (OR) analysis to reveal significant evidence of strong associations between the genotypes of rs1800795 and rs1800796 and the susceptibility to PCa. The findings of this study underscore the noteworthy impact of genetic variations in the IL-6 gene on the development of prostate cancer. Specifically, the C/G and G/G genotypes of rs1800795 demonstrated increased PCa risk, with odds ratios (OR) of 1.650 (95% CI = 1.068-2.549, p = 0.032) and 2.475 (95% CI = 1.215-5.043, p < 0.001), respectively. Similarly, the G/C genotype of rs1800796 exhibited an OR of 2.374 (95% CI = 1.363-4.130, p = 0.012) for elevated prostate cancer risk, while the C/C genotype had an OR of 1.81 (95% CI = 1.02-3.22, p = 0.7). Furthermore, our haplotype analysis have revealed an association between haplotype 4 (C-G) and increased risk of PCa (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.05-2.73, p = 0.032). In conclusion, this case-control analysis presents compelling evidence for a significant association between IL-6 variants (rs1800795 and rs1800796) and increased susceptibility to prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sarfaraz Iqbal
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Kaoqing Peng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Nimra Sardar
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Applied Sciences, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | | | - Muhammad Usman Ghani
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Fouzia Tanvir
- Department of Molecularbiology, Institute of Pure and Applied Zoology, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Di Gu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zeng Guohua
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Rehman K, Iqbal Z, Zhiqin D, Ayub H, Saba N, Khan MA, Yujie L, Duan L. Analysis of genetic biomarkers, polymorphisms in ADME-related genes and their impact on pharmacotherapy for prostate cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:247. [PMID: 37858151 PMCID: PMC10585889 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a non-cutaneous malignancy in males with wide variation in incidence rates across the globe. It is the second most reported cause of cancer death. Its etiology may have been linked to genetic polymorphisms, which are not only dominating cause of malignancy casualties but also exerts significant effects on pharmacotherapy outcomes. Although many therapeutic options are available, but suitable candidates identified by useful biomarkers can exhibit maximum therapeutic efficacy. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reported in androgen receptor signaling genes influence the effectiveness of androgen receptor pathway inhibitors and androgen deprivation therapy. Furthermore, SNPs located in genes involved in transport, drug metabolism, and efflux pumps also influence the efficacy of pharmacotherapy. Hence, SNPs biomarkers provide the basis for individualized pharmacotherapy. The pharmacotherapeutic options for PCa include hormonal therapy, chemotherapy (Docetaxel, Mitoxantrone, Cabazitaxel, and Estramustine, etc.), and radiotherapy. Here, we overview the impact of SNPs reported in various genes on the pharmacotherapy for PCa and evaluate current genetic biomarkers with an emphasis on early diagnosis and individualized treatment strategy in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Rehman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, Pakistan
| | - Zoya Iqbal
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Second People's Hospital, ShenzhenShenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Deng Zhiqin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Second People's Hospital, ShenzhenShenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Hina Ayub
- Department of Gynae, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan
| | - Naseem Saba
- Department of Gynae, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan
| | | | - Liang Yujie
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Second People's Hospital, ShenzhenShenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
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Pak JN, Lee HJ, Sim DY, Park JE, Ahn CH, Park SY, Khil JH, Shim B, Kim B, Kim SH. Anti-Warburg effect via generation of ROS and inhibition of PKM2/β-catenin mediates apoptosis of lambertianic acid in prostate cancer cells. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4224-4235. [PMID: 37235481 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the underlying antitumor mechanism of lambertianic acid (LA) derived from Pinus koraiensis, the role of cancer metabolism related molecules was investigated in the apoptotic effect of LA in DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells. MTT assay for cytotoxicity, RNA interference, cell cycle analysis for sub G1 population, nuclear and cytoplasmic extraction, lactate, Glucose and ATP assay by ELISA, Measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation assay were conducted in DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells. Herein LA exerted cytotoxicity, increased sub G1 population and attenuated the expression of pro-Caspase3 and pro-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (pro-PARP) in DU145 and PC3 cells. Also, LA reduced the expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase 2 and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) with reduced production of lactate in DU145 and PC3 cells. Notably, LA decreased phosphorylation of PKM2 on Tyr105 and inhibited the expression of p-STAT3, cyclin D1, C-Myc, β-catenin, and p-GSK3β with the decrease of nuclear translocation of p-PKM2. Furthermore, LA disturbed the binding of p-PKM2 and β-catenin in DU145 cells, which was supported by Spearman coefficient (0.0463) of cBioportal database. Furthermore, LA generated ROS in DU145 and PC3 cells, while ROS scavenger NAC (N-acetyl L-cysteine) blocked the ability of LA to reduce p-PKM2, PKM2, β-catenin, LDHA, and pro-caspase3 in DU145 cells. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that LA induces apoptosis via ROS generation and inhibition of PKM2/β-catenin signaling in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Na Pak
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hoon Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Khil
- Institute of Sports Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumsang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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6
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Mobaderi T, Kazemnejad A, Salehi M. Bayesian clustering of 109 worldwide countries according to the trend of prostate cancer mortality rates from 1990 to 2019. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290110. [PMID: 37578961 PMCID: PMC10424856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglecting possible growth heterogeneity and focusing only on the overall pattern of prostate cancer mortality rates can result in misunderstandings and incorrect conclusions about the growth process of the outcome. The main goal of this study was to capture the heterogeneity of prostate cancer mortality rates among countries from 1990 to 2019. To accomplish this aim, we performed the Bayesian latent Growth Mixture Model (GMM). In this longitudinal study, Prostate cancer mortality rates data from 1990 to 2019, as well as the Human Development Index (HDI), the Gross National Income (GNI), and the Life Expectancy at Birth (LEB), were obtained from WHO and UNDP platforms. The Bayesian GMM was used to discover homogeneous subgroups and estimate the pattern of prostate cancer mortality rates in each subgroup. The HDI, GNI and life expectancy effects were estimated using a Bayesian conditional Latent Growth Model (LGM). Globally, the intercept and the slope of the Bayesian LGM were equal to 8.77 and 0.19, respectively. The Bayesian GMM classified the 109 countries into four groups, which had significant positive growth patterns with different slopes except for the first class. The effect of HDI was not significant on the overall prostate cancer death rates, but GNI and LEB had a significantly positive effect on the model's intercepts and a significantly negative effect on the slope. Although the prostate cancer mortality rate increased globally, it has four distinct latent subgroups with various patterns. Additionally, the effects of HDI, GNI, and LEB on prostate cancer mortality rates varied significantly among the four subgroups, indicating a need for further investigation to identify causal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tofigh Mobaderi
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Salehi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Woźniak P, Kleczka A, Jasik K, Kabała-Dzik A, Dzik R, Stojko J. The Effect of Natural Substances Contained in Bee Products on Prostate Cancer in In Vitro Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:5719. [PMID: 37570691 PMCID: PMC10420981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a common cancer in men in older age groups. The WHO forecasts an increase in the incidence of prostate cancer in the coming years. Patients may not respond to treatment, and may not tolerate the side effects of chemotherapy. Compounds of natural origin have long been used in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Flavonoids obtained from natural products, e.g., propolis, are compounds with proven antibacterial and antiviral efficacy which modulate the immune response and may be useful as adjuvants in chemotherapy. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic properties of selected flavonoids on prostate cancer cells of the LNCaP line. The compounds used in this study were CAPE, curcumin (CUR), and quercetin (QUE). Mitochondrial and lysosome metabolism was assessed by the XTT-NR-SRB triple assay as well as by the fluorescent staining techniques. Staining for reactive oxygen species was performed as well. The experiment showed that each of the tested compounds has a cytotoxic effect on the LNCaP cell line. Different types of cell death were induced by the tested compounds. Apoptosis was induced by quercetin, while autophagy-specific changes were observed after using CAPE. Compounds obtained from other bee products have antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity against LNCaP prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Woźniak
- Department of Toxicology and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (P.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Anna Kleczka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.K.); (K.J.)
| | - Krzysztof Jasik
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.K.); (K.J.)
| | - Agata Kabała-Dzik
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.K.); (K.J.)
| | - Radosław Dzik
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Stojko
- Department of Toxicology and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (P.W.); (J.S.)
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Shafiee G, Mousavian AH, Sheidaei A, Ebrahimi M, Khatami F, Gohari K, Jabbari M, Ghanbari-Motlagh A, Ostovar A, Aghamir SMK, Heshmat R. The 15-year national trends of genital cancer incidence among Iranian men and women; 2005-2020. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:495. [PMID: 36922819 PMCID: PMC10015665 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a major health problem and cause of mortality worldwide. Despite the prevalence of other cancers in males and females, genital cancers are especially important because of their psychological effects on individuals. Currently, cervical cancer, corpus uteri neoplasm, and ovarian cancer are the most common gynecological cancers in Iran. Prostate cancer has increased in Iranian men in the last decade. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the 15-year national trend in the incidence of genital cancers in the Iranian population. METHODS In this study, we used Iranian cancer registration data collected by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, demographic information from the reports of the Statistics Center of Iran, STEPs (STEPwise approach to non-communicable diseases risk factor surveillance), and Caspian (childhood and adolescence surveillance and prevention of adult non-communicable disease). A list of potential auxiliary variables and secondary variables at all levels of the province-age-sex were evaluated during the years. We used mixed-effects Poisson regression to model the data and calculate the incidence of each cancer. RESULTS Our results show an enhancement in the outbreak of all types of male cancers, but the most important are prostate (11.46 in 2005 to 25.67 in 2020 per 100,000 males) and testicular cancers (2.39 in 2005 to 5.05 per 100,000 males). As for female cancers, there has been an increase in ovarian and corpus uteri neoplasm incidence with 6.69 and 4.14 incidences per 100,000 females in 2020, making them the most occurring female genital neoplasms. While the occurrence of cervical cancer has decreased over the years (4.65 in 2005 to 3.24 in 2020). In general, the incidence of genital cancers in men and women has amplified in the last 15 years. CONCLUSIONS Our study examined the trend of change for each malignant genital neoplasm for 15 years in Iranian men and women in each province. Considering the growing trend of the elderly population in Iran, patient awareness and early screening are essential in reducing mortality and costs imposed on patients and the health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 111, 19th St., North Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Hossein Mousavian
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 111, 19th St., North Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sheidaei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ebrahimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khatami
- Urology Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hasan Abad Sq, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimiya Gohari
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jabbari
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 111, 19th St., North Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari-Motlagh
- Department of Radiotherapy, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Ostovar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 111, 19th St., North Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran.
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Salmon Protein Hydrolysate Potentiates the Growth Inhibitory Effect of Bicalutamide on Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines LNCaP and PC3 by Modulating Iron Homeostasis. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040228. [PMID: 35447901 PMCID: PMC9032914 DOI: 10.3390/md20040228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a common cause of cancer death in men. In advanced stages of prostate cancer, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is initiated. Despite ADT, prostate cancers invariably progress to become androgen independent. A growing body of evidence implicates iron dysmetabolism in prostate cancer progression. A bioactive peptide-rich salmon protein hydrolysate (SPH) has previously been demonstrated to modulate iron homeostatic mechanisms. In the present study, the anticancer effect of SPH and bicalutamide co-treatment on LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell proliferation was investigated. Our results found that SPH potentiates the anti-proliferative effect of bicalutamide in a dose-dependent manner for both cell lines. In the presence of 160 µg/mL SPH, co-treatment with 1.0 µM bicalutamide decreased LNCaP cells’ relative colony survival from 25% (1.0 µM bicalutamide monotreatment) to 2% after culturing for 12 days. For PC3 cells, the relative colony survival diminished from 52% (10.0 µM bicalutamide) to 32% at an SPH concentration of 160 µg/mL. Gene expression profiling, employing quantitative real-time PCR, revealed that the inhibitory effects were related to significant FTH1 up-regulation with a concomitant TFRC down-regulation. In conclusion, our results provide in vitro evidence that SPH potentiates the growth inhibitory effect of bicalutamide on prostate cancer cells by modulating iron homeostasis mechanisms.
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10
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Unravelling Prostate Cancer Heterogeneity Using Spatial Approaches to Lipidomics and Transcriptomics. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071702. [PMID: 35406474 PMCID: PMC8997139 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer is a heterogenous disease in terms of disease aggressiveness and therapy response, leading to dilemmas in treatment decisions. This heterogeneity reflects the multifocal nature of prostate cancer and its diversity in cellular and molecular composition, necessitating spatial molecular approaches. Here in view of the emerging importance of rewired lipid metabolism as a source of biomarkers and therapeutic targets for prostate cancer, we highlight recent advancements in technologies that enable the spatial mapping of lipids and related metabolic pathways associated with prostate cancer development and progression. We also evaluate their potential for future implementation in treatment decision-making in the clinical management of prostate cancer. Abstract Due to advances in the detection and management of prostate cancer over the past 20 years, most cases of localised disease are now potentially curable by surgery or radiotherapy, or amenable to active surveillance without treatment. However, this has given rise to a new dilemma for disease management; the inability to distinguish indolent from lethal, aggressive forms of prostate cancer, leading to substantial overtreatment of some patients and delayed intervention for others. Driving this uncertainty is the critical deficit of novel targets for systemic therapy and of validated biomarkers that can inform treatment decision-making and to select and monitor therapy. In part, this lack of progress reflects the inherent challenge of undertaking target and biomarker discovery in clinical prostate tumours, which are cellularly heterogeneous and multifocal, necessitating the use of spatial analytical approaches. In this review, the principles of mass spectrometry-based lipid imaging and complementary gene-based spatial omics technologies, their application to prostate cancer and recent advancements in these technologies are considered. We put in perspective studies that describe spatially-resolved lipid maps and metabolic genes that are associated with prostate tumours compared to benign tissue and increased risk of disease progression, with the aim of evaluating the future implementation of spatial lipidomics and complementary transcriptomics for prognostication, target identification and treatment decision-making for prostate cancer.
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Cheng X, Zhou L, Liu W, Li Y, Peng M, Wang Y. Construction and Verification of Risk Predicting Models to Evaluate the Possibility of Venous Thromboembolism After Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:5297-5306. [PMID: 35316433 PMCID: PMC9246795 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-11574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the second leading cause for death of radical prostatectomy. We aimed to establish new nomogram to predict the VTE risk after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Methods Patients receiving RARP in our center from November 2015 to June 2021, were enrolled in study. They were randomly divided into training and testing cohorts by 8:2. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression (model A) and stepwise logistic regression (model B) were used to fit two models. The net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to compare predictive abilities of two new models with widely used Caprini risk assessment (CRA) model. Then, two nomograms were constructed and received internal validation. Results Totally, 351 patients were included. The area under ROC of model A and model B were 0.967 (95% confidence interval: 0.945–0.990) and 0.978 (95% confidence interval: 0.960–0.996), which also were assayed in the testing cohorts. Both the prediction and classification abilities of the two new models were superior to CRA model (NRI > 0, IDI > 0, p < 0.05). The C-index of Model A and Model B were 0.968 and 0.978, respectively. For clinical usefulness, the two new models offered a net benefit with threshold probability between 0.08 and 1 in decision curve analysis, suggesting the two new models predict VTE events more accurately. Conclusions Both two new models have good prediction accuracy and are superior to CRA model. Model A has an advantage of less variable. This easy-to-use model enables rapid clinical decision-making and early intervention in high-risk groups, which ultimately benefit patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1245/s10434-022-11574-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cheng
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lizhi Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yijian Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Mou Peng
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Yinhuai Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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12
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Zacharouli K, Vageli DP, Koukoulis GK, Ioannou M. Patient with prostatic adenocarcinoma with plasmacytoid features and an aberrant immunohistochemical phenotype diagnosed by biopsy and a mini-review of plasmacytoid features in the genitourinary system: A case report. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 16:67. [PMID: 35154707 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2022.2500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in men. Most of these tumors are adenocarcinomas. Plasmacytoid is a rare variant of adenocarcinoma described by previous studies in the genitourinary system and is characterized by the plasmacytoid appearance of tumor cells with abundant cytoplasm and abnormally placed hyperchromatic nuclei. However, to the best of our knowledge, plasmacytoid adenocarcinoma has rarely been described in the prostate. This report describes a new case of plasmacytoid adenocarcinoma of the prostate diagnosed by biopsy and summarizes the known literature on plasmacytoid features in the genitourinary system. A 62-year-old male patient presented to the hospital with urinary retention, hematuria, weakness and weight loss. The digital rectal examination revealed an irregular enlargement. Laboratory findings showed elevated levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA; 43.6 ng/ml). Transrectal ultrasound showed invasion of the right seminal vesicle. Prostate tumor core biopsies were collected and sent for diagnosis. Histological examination revealed a high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma Gleason score of 5+5 (total score 10). The tumor cells had a plasmacytoid appearance with abundant cytoplasm and abnormally placed hyperchromatic nuclei. The immunohistochemical phenotype was characterized by abundant positivity for cytokeratin (CK)AE1/AE3 and PSA. By contrast, tumor cells were negative for p63, CK 34BE12 and GATA binding protein 3 (urothelial markers), synaptophysin (neuroendocrine marker). Tumor cells were also negative for E-cadherin, which is particularly indicative of CDH1 alterations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a plasmacytoid adenocarcinoma of the prostate diagnosed by biopsy, showing an irregular immunophenotype that may indicate somatic CDH1 alterations. The presentation of a novel rare variant of prostatic carcinoma that differs from other neoplasms of the genitourinary system may contribute to an improved understanding of this uncommonly found histological pattern that may also be mandatory due to the clinical and prognostic implications of this diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Zacharouli
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitra P Vageli
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - George K Koukoulis
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Ioannou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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Ko YH, Kim BH. Should Contemporary Western Guidelines Based on Studies Conducted in the 2000s Be Adopted for the Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening Policy for Asian Men in the 2020s? World J Mens Health 2022; 40:543-550. [PMID: 36047073 PMCID: PMC9482864 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.220002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Though prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer world widely, there exist substantial differences exist between Asia and the west. Genetic susceptibility and lifestyle may contribute to disproportionately lower incidences and mortalities of PCa in Asian countries, but the differences in diagnostic practices are also likely to contribute, and a large part of them may be explained by the lesser chance of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. In the US, about half of men aged over 50 years had been exposed to the screening test in the early 2000s. The shifts in the risk stratification from the high-risk dominant disease in the late 1980s to the low-risk dominant disease in the early 2000s led to criticism regarding the unconditional nature of PSA-based screening. Based on the conflicting outcomes from the randomized clinical trials which investigated the benefit of PSA testing, US Preventive Study Task Force recommended ceasing mass screening in 2012. Accordingly, guidelines begin to emphasize shared decision-making on the PSA testing narrowing their scopes to men aged 55 to 69 years since 2013. Though most Asian countries have not begun to recognize PCa as a major agenda item until the 2010s, a clear trend of expanding incidence of it implies that the time to come to reconsider PSA testing as a higher priority in the public health sphere in the 2020s. Concerns regarding over-diagnosis and over-treatment of insignificant diseases are imperative. However, the distinctive epidemiologic characteristics of PCa in Asia areas, such as low exposure to the repetitive PSA testing, the recent increase in its incidence driven by the elderly and super-elderly, and racial differences should be considered when it comes to the establishment of screening policy utilizing PSA test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hwii Ko
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung Hoon Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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14
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Gao Z, Xu M, Yue S, Shan H, Xia J, Jiang J, Yang S. Abnormal sialylation and fucosylation of saliva glycoproteins: Characteristics of lung cancer-specific biomarkers. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 3:100079. [PMID: 35005612 PMCID: PMC8718573 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated surface glycoproteins play an important role in tumor cell proliferation and progression. Abnormal glycosylation of these glycoproteins may activate tumor signal transduction and lead to tumor development. The tumor microenvironment alters its molecular composition, some of which regulate protein glycosylation biosynthesis. The glycosylation of saliva proteins in lung cancer patients is different from healthy controls, in which the glycans of cancer patients are highly sialylated and hyperfucosylated. Most studies have shown that O-glycans from cancer are truncated O-glycans, while N-glycans contain fucoses and sialic acids. Because glycosylation analysis is challenging, there are few reports on how glycosylation of saliva proteins is related to the occurrence or progression of lung cancer. In this review, we discussed glycoenzymes involved in protein glycosylation, their changes in tumor microenvironment, potential tumor biomarkers present in body fluids, and abnormal glycosylation of saliva or lung glycoproteins. We further explored the effect of glycosylation changes on tumor signal transduction, and emphasized the role of receptor tyrosine kinases in tumorigenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Gao
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Dushu Lake Hospital to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215125, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Mingming Xu
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Shuang Yue
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Huang Shan
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Junhong Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Dushu Lake Hospital to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215125, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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15
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Yoon JS, Lee HJ, Sim DY, Im E, Park JE, Park WY, Koo JI, Shim BS, Kim SH. Moracin D induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via activation of PPAR gamma/PKC delta and inhibition of PKC alpha. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6944-6953. [PMID: 34709688 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, apoptotic mechanism of Moracin D was explored in prostate cancer cells in association with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ)-related signaling involved in lipid metabolism. Moracin D augmented cytotoxicity and sub G1 population in PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells, while DU145 cells were more susceptible to Moracin D than PC3 cells. Moracin D attenuated the expression of caspase-3, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-xL) in DU145 cells. Consistently, Moracin D significantly augmented the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells in DU145 cells. Interestingly, Moracin D activated PPAR-γ and phospho-protein kinase C delta (p-PKC-δ) and inhibited phospho-protein kinase C alpha (p-PKC-α) in DU145 cells. Furthermore, STRING bioinformatic analysis reveals that PPAR-γ interacts with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) that binds to PKC-α/PKC-δ or protein kinase B (AKT) or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Indeed, Moracin D decreased phosphorylation of NF-κB, ERK, and AKT in DU145 cells. Conversely, PPAR-γ inhibitor GW9662 reduced the apoptotic ability of Moracin D to activate caspase 3 and PARP in DU145 cells. Taken together, these findings provide a novel insight that activation of PPAR-γ/p-PKC-δ and inhibition of p-PKC-α are critically involved in Moracin D-induced apoptosis in DU145 prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seok Yoon
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Im
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Yi Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Il Koo
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Abd Rahman SF, Md Arshad MK, Gopinath SCB, Fathil MFM, Sarry F, Ibau C. Glycosylated biomarker sensors: advancements in prostate cancer diagnosis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9640-9655. [PMID: 34473143 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is currently diagnosed using the conventional gold standard methods using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as the selective biomarker. However, lack of precision in PSA screening has resulted in needless biopsies and delays the treatment of potentially fatal prostate cancer. Thus, identification of glycans as novel biomarkers for the early detection of prostate cancer has attracted considerable attention due to their reliable diagnostic platform compared with the current PSA systems. Therefore, biosensing technologies that provide point-of-care diagnostics have demonstrated the ability to detect various analytes, including glycosylated micro- and macro-molecules, thereby enabling versatile detection methodologies. This highlight article discusses recent advances in the biosensor-based detection of prostate cancer glycan biomarkers and the innovative strategies for the conjugation of nanomaterials adapted to biosensing platforms. Finally, the article is concluded with prospects and challenges of prostate cancer biosensors and recommendations to overcome the issues associated with prostate cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Fatimah Abd Rahman
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Khairuddin Md Arshad
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia. .,Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia. .,Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | | | - Frédéric Sarry
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Conlathan Ibau
- Institute of Nano Optoelectronics Research and Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
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Launer BM, Lloyd GL. Sociodemographic index and global trends in prostate cancer: 1990-2017. Prostate 2021; 81:825-831. [PMID: 34227144 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considered globally, prostate cancer is a disease of the aging male that increases in prevalence with exposure to screening and diagnostic testing, and which requires a population with the health and longevity to encounter it. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) dataset is an aggregation of worldwide registries and health data systems that reports global and regional assessment of disease impact. METHODS Using the GBD database, 1171 worldwide registries and health registration systems from 1990 to 2016 were aggregated for prostate cancer disease codes and outcomes. Disease-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) were calculated and segregated by sociodemographic index (SDI) quintile, and compared to other urologic diseases and tuberculosis (TB). RESULTS Prostate cancer exerts a burden of disease that is vastly higher in the top quintile of SDI. The three lowest SDI quintiles represent the majority of global population but are currently less impacted by prostate cancer. Conversely, TB has its highest impact on the lowest SDI levels, although these rates are declining. CONCLUSIONS As a global disease, prostate cancer predominantly affects high SDI men who enjoy a longer life expectancy in which to suffer from this disease and a greater exposure to screening and diagnosis. As lower SDI men are elevated in health and income, reallocation of DALYs will occur, and a greater burden of prostate cancer can be expected. These epidemiologic trends have great implications for the allocation of resources, as the population of men affected by prostate cancer outpaces urologic workforce growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn M Launer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Granville L Lloyd
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Westaby D, Maza MDLDFDL, Paschalis A, Jimenez-Vacas JM, Welti J, de Bono J, Sharp A. A New Old Target: Androgen Receptor Signaling and Advanced Prostate Cancer. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 62:131-153. [PMID: 34449248 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-052220-015912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the development of multiple novel therapies, there has been major progress in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer over the last two decades; however, the disease remains invariably fatal. Androgens and the androgen receptor (AR) play a critical role in prostate carcinogenesis, and targeting the AR signaling axis with abiraterone, enzalutamide, darolutamide, and apalutamide has improved outcomes for men with this lethal disease. Targeting the AR and elucidating mechanisms of resistance to these agents remains central to drug development efforts. This review provides an overview of the evolution and current approaches for targeting the AR in advanced prostate cancer. It describes the biology of AR signaling, explores AR-targeting resistance mechanisms, and discusses future perspectives and promising novel therapeutic strategies. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Westaby
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom; .,The Royal Marsden Hospital, London SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alec Paschalis
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom; .,The Royal Marsden Hospital, London SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jon Welti
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom;
| | - Johann de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom; .,The Royal Marsden Hospital, London SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Sharp
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom; .,The Royal Marsden Hospital, London SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
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Srivastava S, Haider MF, Ahmad A, Ahmad U, Arif M, Ali A. Exploring Nanoemulsions for Prostate Cancer Therapy. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2021; 71:417-428. [PMID: 34157752 DOI: 10.1055/a-1518-6606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Prostate carcinoma is typical cancer. It is the second most common cancer globally. The estimated new cases in 2020 was 191 930 and estimated deaths was 33 330. Age, family history, & genetic factors are major factors that drive prostate cancer. Although, for treating metastatic disease, the major therapies available are radiation,bisphosphonate, and palliative chemotherapy. But the major drawback is therapy is disease-driven and later becomes metastatic and requires treatment. The ability to revolutionize cancer treatment by major targeting vehicles via the exploration of nanoemulsion suggests a potential for cancer treatment. The unique property of a biphasic liquid dosage form called nanoemulsion to reach leaky tumor vasculature is due to its nano-meter oil-droplet size of 20-200 nm. Recent reporting on nanoemulsions disclose their embracing and lay alternative for re-purposing herbal and synthetic drugs and their combination especially for targeting prostate cancer formulating an obtainable nanomedicine. So, this article emphasizes the use of nanoemulsions incorporating therapeutic agents for successful and targeted delivery for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Afroz Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Usama Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Asad Ali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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Shukla S, Marks I, Church D, Chan SK, Pokorski JK, Steinmetz NF. Tobacco mosaic virus for the targeted delivery of drugs to cells expressing prostate-specific membrane antigen. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20101-20108. [PMID: 34178308 PMCID: PMC8180379 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03166j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a membrane-bound protein that is preferentially expressed in the prostate gland and induced in many prostate cancers, making it an important target for new diagnostics and therapeutics. To improve the efficacy of nanoparticle formulations for the imaging and/or eradication of prostate cancer, we synthesized the PSMA-binding glutamic acid derivative DUPA and conjugated it to the external surface of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles. DUPA-targeted TMV was subsequently loaded with the antineoplastic agent mitoxantrone (MTO) or conjugated internally with the fluorescent dye cyanine 5 (Cy5). We found that TMV particles could be efficiently decorated with DUPA and loaded with MTO or Cy5 while maintaining structural integrity. DUPA-targeted TMV particles were able to bind more efficiently to the surface of PSMA+ LNCaP cells compared to non-targeted TMV; but there was little difference in binding efficiency between targeted and untargeted TMV when we tested PSMA− PC3 cells (both cell lines are prostate cancer cell lines). DUPA-targeted TMV particles were internalized by LNCaP cells enabling drug delivery. Finally, we loaded the DUPA-targeted TMV particles and untargeted control particles with MTO to test their cytotoxicity against LNCaP cells in vitro. The cytotoxicity of the TMV-MTO particles (IC50 = 10.2 nM) did not differ significantly from that of soluble MTO at an equivalent dose (IC50 = 12.5 nM) but the targeted particles (TMV-DUPA-MTO) were much more potent (IC50 = 2.80 nM). The threefold increase in cytotoxicity conferred by the DUPA ligand suggests that MTO-loaded, DUPA-coated TMV particles are promising as a therapeutic strategy for PSMA+ prostate cancer and should be advanced to preclinical testing in mouse models of prostate cancer. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a membrane-bound protein that is preferentially expressed in the prostate gland and induced in many prostate cancers, making it an important target for new diagnostics and therapeutics.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Shukla
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Isaac Marks
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Derek Church
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Soo-Khim Chan
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA .,Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA.,Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA .,Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA.,Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA.,Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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Sofan MA, El‐Mekabaty A, Hasel AM, Said SB. Synthesis, cytotoxicity assessment and antioxidant activity of some new thiazol‐2‐yl carboxamides. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh A. Sofan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Damietta University New Damietta Egypt
| | - Ahmed El‐Mekabaty
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Ali M. Hasel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Damietta University New Damietta Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Sana'a University Sana'a Yemen
| | - Samy B. Said
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Damietta University New Damietta Egypt
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22
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23
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Current Trends in Prevalence and Role of Long Noncoding RNA and Gene Fusion in Prostate Cancer: An Overview. ANNALS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (INDIA) 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study is to analyze the current scenario in the diagnostic modalities for prostate cancer.
Materials and Methods We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate for relevant data. Articles published in the last 10 years were taken into consideration. The role of long noncoding RNA and gene fusion products in the context of prostate cancer was reviewed, which included their roles in diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of response to therapy.
Results Several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have been isolated and have been shown to be useful in diagnosing and prognosticating prostate cancer. We have also looked into the role of TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion in prostate carcinoma diagnosis. These molecular parameters have been looked into due to the fact that the current parameters in use such as prostate-specific antigen have several drawbacks that limit their potential.
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Ferrari E, Naponelli V, Bettuzzi S. Lemur Tyrosine Kinases and Prostate Cancer: A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115453. [PMID: 34064250 PMCID: PMC8196904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the Lemur Tyrosine Kinases (LMTK1-3) subfamily constitute a group of three membrane-anchored kinases. They are known to influence a wide variety of key cellular events, often affecting cell proliferation and apoptosis. They have been discovered to be involved in cancer, in that they impact various signalling pathways that influence cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness. Notably, in the context of genome-wide association studies, one member of the LMTK family has been identified as a candidate gene which could contribute to the development of prostate cancer. In this review, of published literature, we present evidence on the role of LMTKs in human prostate cancer and model systems, focusing on the complex network of interacting partners involved in signalling cascades that are frequently activated in prostate cancer malignancy. We speculate that the modulators of LMTK enzyme expression and activity would be of high clinical relevance for the design of innovative prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ferrari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.N.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-033-822
| | - Valeria Naponelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.N.); (S.B.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), Viale Medaglie d’Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Saverio Bettuzzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (V.N.); (S.B.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), Viale Medaglie d’Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Dłubek J, Rysz J, Jabłonowski Z, Gluba-Brzózka A, Franczyk B. The Correlation between Lipid Metabolism Disorders and Prostate Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2048-2061. [PMID: 32767911 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200806103744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer affecting the male population all over the world. The existence of a correlation between lipid metabolism disorders and cancer of the prostate gland has been widely known for a long time. According to hypotheses, cholesterol may contribute to prostate cancer progression as a result of its participation as a signaling molecule in prostate growth and differentiation via numerous biologic mechanisms including Akt signaling and de novo steroidogenesis. The results of some studies suggest that increased cholesterol levels may be associated with a higher risk of a more aggressive course of the disease. The aforementioned alterations in the synthesis of fatty acids are a unique feature of cancer and, therefore, constitute an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of prostate cancer. Pharmacological or gene therapy aims to reduce the activity of enzymes involved in de novo synthesis of fatty acids, FASN, ACLY (ATP citrate lyase) or SCD-1 (Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase) in particular, that may result in cells growth arrest. Nevertheless, not all cancers are unequivocally associated with hypocholesterolaemia. It cannot be ruled out that the relationship between prostate cancer and lipid disorders is not a direct quantitative correlation between carcinogenesis and the amount of circulating cholesterol. Perhaps the correspondence is more sophisticated and connected to the distribution of cholesterol fractions or even sub-fractions of e.g. HDL cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Dłubek
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Jabłonowski
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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Babaee E, Roshandel G, Olfatifar M, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Ashaari A, Nojomi M. Geo-epidemiological reporting and spatial clustering of the 10 most prevalent cancers in Iran. GEOSPATIAL HEALTH 2021; 16. [PMID: 34000792 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2021.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a problem of both global and local concern. We determined the geo-epidemiological and spatial distribution of the 10 most common cancers in Iran. We used the data of the Iranian Cancer Registry for the year 2014 analysing the prevalence of 112,131 registered cancer cases with the aim of detecting potential geographical underlying causes. The geographic distribution of cancers is reported as standardized incidence rates at the provincial level considering risk with respect to sex and age. A geographical information systems (GIS) approach based on Anselin Local Moran's index method was used to map clusters and spatial autocorrelation patterns. The mean age of the patients was 55.6 (±17.8) and 61.7 (±18.2) for females and males, respectively, in the database which showed 46.1% (n=51,665) of all cases to be female. Analysis of the spatial distribution of cancers showed significant differences among the different provinces. Stomach and breast cancers were the most prevalent cancers in men and females, respectively. The highest incidence rates of stomach cancer were found in Ardabil and Zanjan provinces, with 48.38 and 48.08 per 100,000 population, respectively, while Tehran and Yazd provinces had the highest incidences of breast cancer, 51.0 and 47.5 per 100,000 population, respectively. Strong clustering patterns for stomach and breast cancers were identified in the north-western provinces and in Semnan Province, respectively. These patterns indicate a diversity of geo-epidemiological contributing factors to cancer incidence in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Babaee
- Department of Community Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Centre of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Iranian National Population-Based Cancer Registry Secretariat, Cancer Office, Deputy of Health, Ministry of Health, Tehran.
| | - Meysam Olfatifar
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Centre, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
| | - Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi
- Department of Community Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
| | - Arezou Ashaari
- Department of Community Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
| | - Marzieh Nojomi
- Department of Community Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON.
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Maluf FC, Gillessen S. Consensus on the Screening, Staging, Treatment, and Surveillance of Localized, Recurrent, and Metastatic Prostate Cancer: The First Global Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference for Developing Countries. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 7:512-515. [PMID: 33856893 PMCID: PMC8162967 DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cotait Maluf
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, Brazil.,Latin American Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil
| | - Silke Gillessen
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona and Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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Xu B, Ma BL, Peng YJ, Zhang Q. Learning Curve of an Innovative "3-Port" Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: A Single-Center Analysis from 2016 to 2019. Urol Int 2021; 105:402-407. [PMID: 33784712 DOI: 10.1159/000514390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Three-port" laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) has been applied as a substitution for the conventional 4- to 5-port LRP to treat prostate cancer (PCa) patients in our institution. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the learning curve of an innovative "3-port" LRP for PCa patients. METHODS 206 patients who received "3-port" LRP were retrospectively reviewed between January 2016 and December 2019 at our institution. According to the different years of operations performed, all of the patients were divided into group A (No. 1-50), group B (No. 51-107), group C (No. 108-160), and group D (No. 161-206). A learning curve was depicted by analyzing the parameters of operative time (OT), estimated blood loss (EBL), hospitalization, and drainage indwelling days. RESULTS All groups were comparable with regard to the preoperative characteristics (p > 0.05). The sloping learning curve for the surgeon showed that OT and EBL were strongly correlated with an accumulated experience when compared between group A and the other groups (p < 0.05), denoting that the surgical skill of the "3-port" LRP can be fully mastered after around 50 cases. Although no significant correlation with additional experience was observed in the hospitalization and drainage indwelling days among groups, a tendency towards less hospitalization and drainage indwelling days was still reflected. CONCLUSIONS Our 4-year analysis based on a single-center experience exhibits that the innovative "3-port" LRP appears to be favorable with decreasing tendency in OT and EBL with experience accumulation. In view of its advantage of perioperative parameters with an evidently improved learning curve, it should be recommended in the clinical practice!
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bing-Lei Ma
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Ji Peng
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China
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LncRNA HOXA-AS2 promotes the progression of prostate cancer via targeting miR-509-3p/PBX3 axis. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225235. [PMID: 32519740 PMCID: PMC7426630 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as crucial modulators during the development of diverse cancers. Although various types of lncRNAs in prostate cancer (PCa) have been explored, quantities of lncRNAs still wait to be exploited. The present study is to probe the functions and mechanism of lncRNA HOXA cluster antisense RNA 2 (HOXA-AS2) in PCa. In the present study, we discovered that HOXA-AS2 was highly expressed in PCa tissues and cells. HOXA-AS2 depletion obviously influenced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression. In addition, miR-509-3p had low expression in PCa cells and inversely modulated by HOXA-AS2. Cutting down HOXA-AS2 expression was capable of up-regulating miR-509-3p expression. In addition, HOXA-AS2 served as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) through sponging miR-509-3p to release pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 3 (PBX3) expression. The expression of PBX3 was noticeably high in tumor tissues. And PBX3 expression level was down-regulated markedly with the knockdown of HOXA-AS2. Rescue experiments certified the facilitated role of HOXA-AS2-miR-509-3p-PBX3 axis in regulating the progress of PCa. The present study may provide clues for exploration of novel therapeutic targets for PCa patients.
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Huang T, Hu X, Wang M, Wu Y, Hu L, Xia Z. Ionic liquid-assisted chemiluminescent immunoassay of prostate specific antigen using nanoceria as an alkaline phosphatase-like nanozyme label. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3054-3057. [PMID: 33625435 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00155h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An alkaline phosphatase-like nanozyme was applied for an immunoassay for the first time. By using nanoceria as the alkaline phosphatase-like catalytic label and CDP-star as the substrate, the chemiluminescent detection of prostate specific antigen was demonstrated. More importantly, the addition of ionic liquid can significantly increase the sensitivity of the immunoassay. With the aid of ionic liquid, an order of magnitude improvement in the sensitivity was achieved with a detection limit of 53 fg mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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Wu C, Wang X, Wu X, Chen X. Ectodermal‑neural cortex 1 affects the biological function of lung cancer through the MAPK pathway. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:79. [PMID: 33693958 PMCID: PMC7979257 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodermal-neural cortex 1 (ENC1), a highly expressed protein in lung cancer tissues, was identified from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of ENC1 on the biological functions of lung cancer cells. For this purpose, the expression of ENC1 was examined by RT-qPCR to compare mRNA expression levels between 28 lung cancer tissue samples and para-cancerous tissue samples. The association between ENC1 expression and clinicopathological features was evaluated between the 2 tissue types. Using RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, the expression of ENC1 was investigated in a normal lung cell line (16HBE) and 2 lung cancer cell lines (A549 and H1299). The effect of siRNA targeting ENC1 (si-ENC1) on the proliferation of A549 and H1299 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay at the indicated time points. Transwell assay was used to measure the migration and invasion of A549 and H1299 cells following transfection with siRNA targeting ENC1 (si-ENC1). The expression levels of several proteins related to migration and invasion were examined by western blot analysis. A mouse model of subcutaneous tumor xenotransplantation was established in nude mice to examine the effects of ENC1 downregulation on cancer cells. The results revealed that the expression of ENC1 in lung cancer tissues and lung cancer cells was significantly higher than that in para-cancerous tissues and non-cancer lung cells, respectively. The knockdown of ENC1 in the A549 and H1299 cells using si-ENC1 significantly decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion compared with the untransfected cells. The knockdown of ENC1 significantly downregulated the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9, N-cadherin, p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p-p38. The levels of E-cadherin were upregulated. In the mouse lung tumor model, reduced levels of ENC1 inhibited the growth of lung tumors. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that ENC1 is involved in the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells, and may thus be an effective diagnostic target for certain cancers. The inhibition or reduction of ENC1 activity may represent a breakthrough in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Xianghai Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Xingwei Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Xingwu Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
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Ajiya A, Shuaibu IY, Anka HM. An Audit of Surgical Neck Explorations for Penetrating Neck Injuries in Northwestern Nigeria: Experience from a Teaching Hospital. Niger J Surg 2021; 27:48-54. [PMID: 34012242 PMCID: PMC8112368 DOI: 10.4103/njs.njs_63_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Penetrating neck injury is a major trauma mechanism present in about 5%–10% of trauma patients with an estimated mortality of 3%–10%. The management of these injuries is dependent on the anatomical level of injury. Objectives: The objective of the study was to document the clinical and operative findings as well as the treatment outcome among our patients who underwent neck exploration for penetrating neck injuries. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of patients who had neck exploration for penetrating neck injury between January 2012 and December 2018 was done. Results: Thirty-five patients all of whom had surgical neck exploration were included. The age ranged from 15 to 62 years with a male: female of 7.8:1. The mean age was 30.7 years with standard deviation of ± 12.5 years and the peak age of occurrence of 20–29 years. The mechanism of injury was commonly arrow injury in 9 (25.7%) and suicidal cutthroat in 7 (20%) patients. Thirty-two (91.4%) patients presented with stable vital signs. Zone II neck injuries were most prevalent, seen in 23 (65.7%) patients. Laryngeal injury in 7 (20%) and soft-tissue injury in 7 (20%) of the patients were the most common intraoperative findings. The complication rate of 17.1% with a mortality rate of 2.9% was recorded. There was a statistically significant association between the presence of vascular injury and the development of complications after exploration (Chi-square = 5.666, P = 0.017). It was also a significant positive predictor of complication following neck exploration (odds ratio = 0.017, P = 0.048). Conclusion: Male young adults were most involved, commonly from arrow and stab injuries. Although laryngeal and soft-tissue injuries were predominant, vascular injuries were most associated with postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrazak Ajiya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Iliyasu Yunusa Shuaibu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University/Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Hamza Manir Anka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
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Nwadi UV, Nwofor AME, Oranusi CK, Orakwe JC, Obiesie EA, Mbaeri TU, Abiahu JA, Mbonu OO. Correlation between Body Mass Index and Gleason Score in Men with Prostate Cancer in Southeastern Nigeria. Niger J Surg 2021; 27:22-27. [PMID: 34012237 PMCID: PMC8112372 DOI: 10.4103/njs.njs_66_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Prostate cancer has an increasing global burden. The clinical course varies from an indolent disease to a rapidly aggressive cancer. It is associated with higher mortality in less developed nations due to late presentation. The Gleason scoring system for prostatic adenocarcinoma has prognostic implications in diagnosed cases. Obesity has been associated with the evolution of many cancers including prostate cancer. There are conflicting reports on the relationship between obesity, as measured by body mass index (BMI), and prostate cancer aggressiveness, as measured by Gleason score. This study is aimed to determine if a correlation exists between BMI and Gleason score in men with prostate cancer. Methodology: This was a prospective, hospital-based, cross-sectional study involving consecutive patients with prostate cancer. Clinical evaluation including anthropometry, digital rectal examination, and relevant investigations were done for each patient and data collected with pro forma. This was followed by prostate needle biopsy and those diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the prostate had their Gleason grades and scores obtained. Data were analyzed statistically using Spearman Correlation. Results: The mean age of the patients was 69.54 ± 8.61 years (range 47–83 years). The BMI ranged from 16.98 to 36.45 kg/m2, with a mean of 27.03 ± 5.03 kg/m2. Twenty-six of the patients (36.1%) were overweight and 34.7% were obese. The mean total prostate-specific antigen was 118.65 ± 84.43 ng/ml, with a range of 31–406 ng/ml. The modal Gleason score was 9 with a range of 4–10. There was a strong positive correlation between BMI and Gleason score (r = 0.817, P = 0.0003). Conclusion: The BMI of patients with prostate cancer correlated positively with their Gleason score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna Victor Nwadi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | | | - Chidi Kingsley Oranusi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Jideofor Chukwuma Orakwe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Ahuizechukwu Obiesie
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Timothy Uzoma Mbaeri
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Amaoge Abiahu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Okechukwu Obiora Mbonu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
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Dulińska-Litewka J, Hałubiec P, Łazarczyk A, Szafrański O, Sharoni Y, McCubrey JA, Gąsiorkiewicz B, Bohn T. Recent Progress in Discovering the Role of Carotenoids and Metabolites in Prostatic Physiology and Pathology-A Review-Part II: Carotenoids in the Human Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:319. [PMID: 33672578 PMCID: PMC7924028 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the vast variety of plant-derived phytochemicals, the group of carotenoids has continuously been investigated in order to optimize their potential application in the area of dietary intervention related to chronic diseases. One organ that has been especially targeted in many of these studies and clinical trials is the human prostate. Without doubt, carotenoids (and their endogenous derivatives-retinoids and apo-carotenoids) are involved in a plethora of intra- and intercellular signaling, cell growth, and differentiation of prostate tissue. Due to the accumulation of new data on the role of different carotenoids, such as lycopene (LYC) and β-carotene (BC), in prostatic physiology and pathology, the present review aimed to cover the past ten years of research in this regard. Data from experimental studies are presented in the first part of the review, while epidemiological studies are disclosed in this second part. The objective of this compilation was to emphasize the present state of knowledge about the most potent molecular targets of carotenoids, as well as to propose promising carotenoid agents for the prevention and possible treatment of prostatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dulińska-Litewka
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-034 Cracow, Poland; (P.H.); (A.Ł.); (O.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Przemysław Hałubiec
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-034 Cracow, Poland; (P.H.); (A.Ł.); (O.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Łazarczyk
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-034 Cracow, Poland; (P.H.); (A.Ł.); (O.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Oskar Szafrański
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-034 Cracow, Poland; (P.H.); (A.Ł.); (O.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Yoav Sharoni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653 Beer Sheva, Israel;
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody Medical Sciences Building, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Bartosz Gąsiorkiewicz
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-034 Cracow, Poland; (P.H.); (A.Ł.); (O.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group 1 A-B, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, rue Thomas Edison, L-23 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
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Silva GAE, Jardim BC, Ferreira VDM, Junger WL, Girianelli VR. Cancer mortality in the Capitals and in the interior of Brazil: a four-decade analysis. Rev Saude Publica 2020; 54:126. [PMID: 33295593 PMCID: PMC7688260 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054002255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: to describe the trend of mortality from general cancer and more frequent types among men and women living in the Capitals and other municipalities of the five macro-regions of Brazil between 1978 and 2017. METHODS: Time series study with mortality data corrected by redistribution of ill-defined causes. Proportional cancer mortality was calculated for Brazil and regions. The annual percentage change in rates for total cancer and specific types in each segment and in the selected unit of analysis was calculated by generalized linear regression with Gaussian binding. RESULTS: the proportion of cancer increased progressively for both sexes from 1978 to 2017. Important differences between the Capitals and the interior of the macro-regions were seen with disaggregated data. The greatest declines occurred for stomach cancer, except in the northern and interior regions of the Northeast, and for the cervix cancer, with a generalized fall, with the exception of the interior of the northern region. Lung cancer decreased among men in the Southeast and South regions and had a generalized increase among women. Breast and prostate cancers tended to decrease in the Southeast and South regions and among residents of the Capitals but showing an increase in the interior of the North and Northeast regions. Colorectal cancer had a general tendency to increase; with stability among men in the Capitals of the South region and among women of the Southeast and Midwest regions and, since 2007, a decrease among women in the South region. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer mortality showed great variation among residents of capitals and the interior of the country's major regions. Clear decrease in mortality was seen for the main types in the Southeast and South regions. The North and Northeast regions have patterns compatible with cancers associated with poverty, while the large increase of the cancers related to sedentary lifestyle stand out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnar Azevedo E Silva
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Medicina Social. Departamento de Epidemiologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Beatriz Cordeiro Jardim
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Medicina Social. Departamento de Epidemiologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Vanessa de Melo Ferreira
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Medicina Social. Departamento de Epidemiologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Washington Leite Junger
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Medicina Social. Departamento de Epidemiologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Vania Reis Girianelli
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Associations of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Testing in the US Population: Results from a National Cross-Sectional Survey. J Community Health 2020; 46:389-398. [PMID: 33064229 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00923-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing is one of the standard screening methods for prostate cancer (PC); however, a high proportion of men with abnormal PSA findings lack evidence for PC and may undergo unnecessary treatment. Furthermore, little is known about the prevalence of PSA testing for US men, after the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended against routine PSA screening in 2012. Our objectives were to: (1) examine the self-reported patterns of PSA testing following a change in the USPSTF prostate cancer screening recommendations and (2) to determine the associated socio-demographic factors. Data were from the 2010 and 2015 National Health Interview Surveys. Men were ages ≥ 40 years and responded to the question "Ever had a PSA test?". Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine PSA testing prevalence in 2010 and 2015, and their associated socio-demographic factors. The analytic sample contained 15,372 men. A majority (75.2%) identified as non-Hispanic (NHW) and 14.2% were foreign-born. Those surveyed in 2015 were less likely to report ever having had a PSA test when compared to those in 2010. Compared to US-born and older NHW men, PSA testing was statistically significantly lower among foreign-born men and men belonging to all other racial categories. Fewer men reported PSA testing following the USPSTF 2012 recommendations. Associated socio-demographic factors included nativity, age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment and type of health insurance. Further studies are required to elucidate our findings and their health implications for the US native and foreign-born population.
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Xu X, Zhu Z, Xu Y, Tian S, Jiang Y, Zhao H. Effects of zinc finger protein 403 on the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of prostate cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2455-2464. [PMID: 33125130 PMCID: PMC7610322 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 403 (ZFP403), located on human chromosome 17q12-21, is closely associated with the development of cancer. However, to date, there are a limited number of studies on the biological functions of this gene, particularly in prostate cancer (PCa). The results of the present study demonstrated that compared with normal tissues, the expression of ZFP403 was markedly lower in PCa tissues, as shown by the evaluation of the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 database. The decreased expression of ZFP403 in PCa clinical tissues and cell lines was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. Using short harpin (sh)RNA inhibition, stably-silenced ZFP403 cell lines were then constructed by lentiviral transfection (LV-PC3-shRNA-1 and 2; LV-DU145-shRNA-1 and 2). The results revealed that the knockdown of ZFP403 in PCa cells promoted cellular proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasiveness in vitro. Moreover, the levels of tumor growth- and motility-related proteins were significantly altered after ZFP403-knockdown. A xenograft tumor model using nude mice was established to elucidate the role of ZFP403 in tumorigenesis in vivo. Tumor growth was significantly increased in mice injected with ZFP403-knockdown cells compared with the control mice. Overall, the findings of the present study demonstrate that ZFP403 functions as a tumor suppressor gene in PCa by affecting the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of PCa cells, suggesting its potential use as a clinical diagnostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402, P.R. China
| | - Yipeng Xu
- Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Shasha Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402, P.R. China
| | - Yingjun Jiang
- Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Huajun Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311402, P.R. China
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Casjens S, Brüning T, Taeger D. Cancer risks of firefighters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of secular trends and region-specific differences. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2020; 93:839-852. [PMID: 32306177 PMCID: PMC7452930 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-020-01539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the cancer risks among firefighters in the time course and from different geographical areas. METHOD A PubMed search was performed to identify cohort studies about cancer risk and firefighting presented with standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) or standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). Using random-effect models, meta-relative risk estimates (mSIRs, mSMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were assessed. Cohort studies with employment starting before 1950 were classified as "old", studies starting between 1950 and 1970 as "medium", and later studies as "new". RESULTS The general cancer risk of firefighters was similar to the general population, but mSMR decreased over time (new studies: mSMR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.70-0.92). We observed an increase of mSIR for melanoma of the skin and prostate cancer as well as a decrease of mSIR for stomach cancer with later employment onset. For those cancer sites, we did not observe a secular trend of mSMRs. Regional differences between relative cancer risks were particularly observed for bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS Among other things, innovative firefighting techniques and better personal protective equipment have provided a safer and healthier working environment for firefighters over time leading to a reduction of overall cancer incidence and mortality ratios. Increased general preventive medical checkups and possible additional screenings for firefighters might have led to more findings of malignant melanoma of the skin and prostate cancer in the recent past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaantje Casjens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Taeger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
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Hassan QN, Queen NJ, Cao L. Regulation of aging and cancer by enhanced environmental activation of a hypothalamic-sympathoneural-adipocyte axis. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:5687-5699. [PMID: 33134111 PMCID: PMC7595574 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.02.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Social and environmental factors impact cancer and energy balance profoundly. Years ago, our lab established the existence of a novel brain-fat interaction we termed the "hypothalamic-sympathoneural-adipocyte (HSA) axis", through which complex environmental stimuli provided by an enriched environment regulate body composition, energy balance, and development of cancer. We have spent a significant portion of the past decade to further characterize the broad health benefits of an enriched environment (for example, leanness, enhanced immune function, and cancer resistance), and to identify mediators in the brain and periphery along the HSA axis. This review summarizes our recent work regarding the interface between endocrinology, immunology, cancer biology, aging, and neuroscience. We will discuss the interplay between these systemic phenomena and how the HSA axis can be targeted for regulation of cancer and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quais N. Hassan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Queen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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40
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Moussa M, Papatsoris A, Abou Chakra M, Sryropoulou D, Dellis A. Pharmacotherapeutic strategies for castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:1431-1448. [PMID: 32469248 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1767069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a potentially symptomatic disease with an eventual lethal outcome. Novel pharmaceutical agents are continuously studied with encouraging results in CRPC. AREAS COVERED In this perspective, the authors present established and promising pharmacotherapeutic strategies for the management of CRPC; both with and without metastases. Apart from the different treatment strategies, the authors present the relevant sequence of treatment through disease progression. EXPERT OPINION Usually, docetaxel should be considered the first line treatment in mCRPC. Abiraterone acetate (AA) plus prednisone or enzalutamide (ENZ) could be alternative treatments in chemotherapy naïve patients. Sipuleucel-T has been approved for the treatment of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic mCRPC. Ra-223 has been approved for patients with mCRPC with symptomatic bone metastases (not visceral metastases). Cabazitaxel has been approved as the second line treatment to docetaxel in mCRPC. No differences in the overall survival has been observed between sequences starting with docetaxel versus AA/ENZ. Between AA-to-ENZ and ENZ-to-AA sequence, the AA-to-ENZ sequence appeared to be more favorable than the ENZ-to-AA regarding progression-free survival but not overall survival. Carbazitaxel seemed to retain its activity regardless of the treatment sequence. Of note, ENZ and apalutamide have been approved in non-metastatic CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Moussa
- Department of Urology, Al Zahraa Hospital, University Medical Center, Lebanese University , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Athanasios Papatsoris
- 2nd Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Sismanoglio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens, Greece
| | - Mohamed Abou Chakra
- Department of Urology, Al Zahraa Hospital, University Medical Center, Lebanese University , Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Athanasios Dellis
- 2nd Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Sismanoglio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens, Greece.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens
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41
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Mu HQ, Liang ZQ, Xie QP, Han W, Yang S, Wang SB, Zhao C, Cao YM, He YH, Chen J. Identification of potential crucial genes associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Biomark Med 2020; 14:353-369. [PMID: 32253914 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men throughout the world. This study aimed to investigate genes associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of PCa. Materials & methods: Data of PCa cases were obtained from public datasets and were analyzed using an integrated bioinformatics strategy. Results: A total of 969 differential expression genes were identified. Moreover, GSE16560 and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data showed a prognostic prompt function of the nine-gene signature, as well as in PCa with Gleason 7. Finally, majority of the nine hub genes were associated with drug sensitivity, mutational landscape, immune infiltrates and clinical characteristics of PCa. Conclusion: The nine-gene signature was correlated with drug sensitivity, mutational landscape, immune infiltrates, clinical characteristics and survival from PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Qi Mu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liang
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai TCM-Integrated Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Peng Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Han
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuai-Bin Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai TCM-Integrated Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Min Cao
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai TCM-Integrated Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai, China
| | - You-Hua He
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai TCM-Integrated Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai, China
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Izzo S, Naponelli V, Bettuzzi S. Flavonoids as Epigenetic Modulators for Prostate Cancer Prevention. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1010. [PMID: 32268584 PMCID: PMC7231128 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a multifactorial disease with an unclear etiology. Due to its high prevalence, long latency, and slow progression, PCa is an ideal target for chemoprevention strategies. Many research studies have highlighted the positive effects of natural flavonoids on chronic diseases, including PCa. Different classes of dietary flavonoids exhibit anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-aging, cardioprotective, anti-viral/bacterial and anti-carcinogenic properties. We overviewed the most recent evidence of the antitumoral effects exerted by dietary flavonoids, with a special focus on their epigenetic action in PCa. Epigenetic alterations have been identified as key initiating events in several kinds of cancer. Many dietary flavonoids have been found to reverse DNA aberrations that promote neoplastic transformation, particularly for PCa. The epigenetic targets of the actions of flavonoids include oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, indirectly controlled through the regulation of epigenetic enzymes such as DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), histone acetyltransferase (HAT), and histone deacetylase (HDAC). In addition, flavonoids were found capable of restoring miRNA and lncRNA expression that is altered during diseases. The optimization of the use of flavonoids as natural epigenetic modulators for chemoprevention and as a possible treatment of PCa and other kinds of cancers could represent a promising and valid strategy to inhibit carcinogenesis and fight cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Izzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy; (S.I.); (S.B.)
| | - Valeria Naponelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy; (S.I.); (S.B.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), Viale Medaglie d’Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Saverio Bettuzzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy; (S.I.); (S.B.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), Viale Medaglie d’Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Culp MB, Soerjomataram I, Efstathiou JA, Bray F, Jemal A. Recent Global Patterns in Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates. Eur Urol 2020; 77:38-52. [PMID: 31493960 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 595] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous studies have reported significant variation in prostate cancer rates and trends mainly due to differences in detection practices, availability of treatment, and underlying genetic susceptibility. OBJECTIVE To assess recent worldwide prostate cancer incidence, mortality rates, and trends using up-to-date incidence and mortality data. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We present estimated age-standardized prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates by country and world regions for 2018 based on the GLOBOCAN database. We also examined rates and temporal trends for incidence (44 countries) and mortality (76 countries) based on data series from population-based registries. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The highest estimated incidence rates were found in Australia/New Zealand, Northern America, Western and Northern Europe, and the Caribbean, and the lowest rates were found in South-Central Asia, Northern Africa, and South-Eastern and Eastern Asia. The highest estimated mortality rates were found in the Caribbean (Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, and Cuba), sub-Saharan Africa (South Africa), parts of former Soviet Union (Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia), whereas the lowest rates were found in Asia (Thailand and Turkmenistan). Prostate cancer incidence rates during the most recent 5 yr declined (five countries) or stabilized (35 countries), after increasing for many years; in contrast, rates continued to increase for four countries in Eastern Europe and Asia. During the most recent 5 data years, mortality rates among the 76 countries examined increased (three countries), remained stable (59 countries), or decreased (14 countries). CONCLUSIONS As evident from available data, prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates have been on the decline or have stabilized recently in many countries, with decreases more pronounced in high-income countries. These trends may reflect a decline in prostate-specific antigen testing (incidence) and improvements in treatment (mortality). PATIENT SUMMARY We examined recent trends in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates in 44 and 76 countries, respectively, and found that rates in most countries stabilized or decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- MaryBeth B Culp
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | | | - Jason A Efstathiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Enemugwem RA, Eze BA, Ejike U, Asuquo EO, Tobin A. Prostate cancer screening: assessment of knowledge and willingness to screen among men in Obio Akpor LGA, Rivers State, Nigeria. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s12301-019-0010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Worldwide prostate cancer is the second most frequent cause of cancer deaths and is the commonest cancer diagnosed among Nigerian men. Screening techniques can be employed to detect the disease earlier in apparently healthy individuals, and increasing evidence shows that this can decrease morbidity and mortality of the disease. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and intention to screen for prostate cancer among men in Obio Akpor Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Results
Respondents were within the ages of 40 and 75 years. The most frequently reported source of information about prostate cancer screening was the news media 72 (35.0%) and healthcare workers 62 (30.1%). Thirty (14.9%) of the respondents had good knowledge of prostate cancer, while 80 (39.6%) had good knowledge of prostate cancer screening methods. Concerning prostate cancer screening methods, only 47 (23.3%) were able to correctly identify screening methods for prostate cancer. With regards to intention to screen, 104 (51.5%) were willing to be screened for prostate cancer.
Conclusion
This study showed that the knowledge of prostate cancer was poor with only approximately half of the participants expressing intentions to screen for the disease. This emphasizes the need for the Rivers State Ministry of Health to carry out awareness campaigns on the importance of prostate screening.
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45
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Varner S, Lloyd G, Ranby KW, Callan S, Robertson C, Lipkus IM. Illness uncertainty, partner support, and quality of life: A dyadic longitudinal investigation of couples facing prostate cancer. Psychooncology 2019; 28:2188-2194. [PMID: 31418505 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prostate cancer (PC) and its treatment often result in chronic, negative side-effects that affect both patients and their romantic partners. Illness uncertainty is a chronic stressor that impacts PC patients and their partners and, if left unmanaged, predicts decreased interpersonal functioning and quality of life (QOL) after treatment is complete. This study explored associations among psychosocial constructs, measured from both partners during the first year following a PC diagnosis, to better understand both partners' experiences and identify potential intervention targets for improving QOL. METHODS Couples (N = 165) in which one partner was undergoing treatment for PC were recruited from the Duke University Medical Center of Urology. Patients and their partners were surveyed at four time points: diagnosis and 1-, 6-, and 12-months post treatment. An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) framework was used to examine associations among perceived partner support, nonsupportive behaviors, illness uncertainty, relationship satisfaction, and physical and mental QOL. RESULTS Partners feeling more supported at diagnosis was related to patients feeling more supported at 6 months. When patients' illness uncertainty decreased between diagnosis and 1 month, partners reported feeling more supported and engaging in fewer nonsupportive behaviors at 6-months post-treatment. Finally, partners' reports of support at 6 months predicted patients' 12-month ratings of physical and mental QOL and relationship satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight psychological interdependence between PC patients and their partners. Future interventions to improve long-term QOL in couples facing PC may benefit by targeting both partner support and illness uncertainty.
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Abumsimir B, Ennaji MM. Suggested parameters to setup Y chromosome microsatellites markers as prostate cancer genetic risk indicator. Future Oncol 2019; 15:2791-2794. [PMID: 31429608 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Berjas Abumsimir
- Team of Virology, Oncology and Medical Biotechnology, Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality and Medical Biotechnologies/Ecotoxicology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques - Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, PO BOX 146 Mohammedia 20650, Morocco
| | - Moulay Mustapha Ennaji
- Team of Virology, Oncology and Medical Biotechnology, Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality and Medical Biotechnologies/Ecotoxicology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques - Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, PO BOX 146 Mohammedia 20650, Morocco
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47
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Beckmann K, Kinsella N, Olsson H, Wallerstedt Lantz A, Nordstrom T, Aly M, Adolfsson J, Eklund M, Van Hemelrijck M. Is there any association between prostate-specific antigen screening frequency and uptake of active surveillance in men with low or very low risk prostate cancer? BMC Urol 2019; 19:73. [PMID: 31383015 PMCID: PMC6683376 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-019-0502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-related factors such as concern about cancer are believed to influence both men's decisions to undergo prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing and to have definitive treatment if diagnosed with low risk prostate cancer (PCa). The potential link between screening frequency and choice of active surveillance (AS) for low risk disease has not been studied previously. Our aim was to investigate whether there is any association between PCa screening frequency or previous negative prostate biopsy and uptake of AS among men with low risk PCa. METHODS This register-based study included all men ≤75 years from Stockholm who were diagnosed with low risk PCa from 2008 to 2014 (n = 4336). Pre-diagnostic PSA testing and biopsy histories were obtained from the Stockholm PSA and Biopsy Register, a population-based register for the Stockholm country. The association between previous screening/biopsy history and AS uptake (based on primary treatment recorded in the National Prostate Cancer Register) was examined using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Forty seven percent of men with low risk PCa underwent AS. Uptake was associated with older age, very low risk disease, more recent diagnosis and absence of family history. None of the screening/biopsy measures (testing frequency, mean interval, PSA velocity, highest pre-diagnostic PSA or prior negative biopsy) were associated with uptake of AS among men with low risk PCa. Generalisability to settings with different policies and practices may be limited. CONCLUSION We found no evidence that screening frequency and negative biopsy influence uptake of AS among Swedish men with low risk PCa. Further research is required to determine factors that still present barriers for men taking up AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Beckmann
- Translational Oncology & Urology Research, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK. .,University of South Australia, Centre for population Health Research Adelaide Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Netty Kinsella
- Translational Oncology & Urology Research, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,Department of Urology, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Henrik Olsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Wallerstedt Lantz
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Nordstrom
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Aly
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Adolfsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,CLINTEC-Department, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Eklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Translational Oncology & Urology Research, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, 3rd Floor, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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48
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Ghanavti M, Movahed M, Rashidkhani B, Rakhsha A, Hejazi E. Index-Based Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Prostate Cancer among Iranian Men. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1393-1401. [PMID: 31127898 PMCID: PMC6857881 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.5.1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: The second most common cancer in men after lung cancer is prostate cancer (PC). Previous studies assessed the association between food items or food groups and the risk of PC, but diet quality indices are unique approaches to study any relations between diet and disease. Our objective was to investigate the effect of healthy eating index (HEI-2010) and Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS) on PC risk. Methods: In this case-control study, we recruited 97 patients with MS and 205 control subjects . Dietary intake was evaluted using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. The HEI and MSDPS were calculated. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between HEI and MSDP scores and PC risk after adjusting the confounders. Results: In comparison to controls, cases had lower score on HEI (61 vs. 70.07; P< 0.001), and higher score on MSDP (26.20 vs. 24.49; P= 0.44). After comparing the highest and the lowest tertile of HEI, we observed a significant decreasing trend in the risk of PC (p for trend<0.001). Conclusion: Our findings suggested that a high quality diet, according to HEI, may decrease the risk of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Ghanavti
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Movahed
- Community Nutrition Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Rashidkhani
- Community Nutrition Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Rakhsha
- Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Hejazi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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49
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Liu JM, Yi CC, Lin CY, Chang H, Hsu RJ, Chuang HC, Hsu WL. The association between epididymo-orchitis and prostate cancer: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15363. [PMID: 31124926 PMCID: PMC6571416 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether epididymo-orchitis, a common infectious disease among men, is associated with subsequent prostate cancer (PCa) via a nationwide cohort study.This nationwide population-based study of patients treated from 2001 to 2013 included a total of 4991 patients with epididymo-orchitis as the study group and 19,922 matched patients without epididymo-orchitis as a control group. We tracked the patients in both groups for a 5-year period to identify any new cases of PCa. Cox proportional hazards regressions were performed to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of PCa during this 5-year follow-up period.Of the 24,913 patients in the study, 235 (0.9%) were newly diagnosed with PCa during the 5-year follow-up period; 77 (1.5%) of those were from the epididymo-orchitis group and 158 (0.8%) were from the control group. Compared to the patients without epididymo-orchitis, the adjusted HR for PCa for the patients with epididymo-orchitis was 1.56 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-2.06) during the 5-year follow-up period. Ages of more than 70 years, higher incomes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were more strongly associated withPCa in the study group than in the control group.The results were associated with a 56% increased risk for PCa among patients with epididymo-orchitis. Epididymo-orchitis may play an etiological role in the development of PCa in Asian populations. Further studies are warranted, however, to investigate the relationship between epididymo-orchitis and PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Ming Liu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | | | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu
| | - Hung Chang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center
| | - Ren-Jun Hsu
- Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, The Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
- Cancer Medicine Center of Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Tzu Chi University
| | - Heng-Chang Chuang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan
| | - Wen-Lin Hsu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
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50
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer diagnosis made in men and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Prostate cancer may be asymptomatic at the early stage and often has an indolent course that may require only active surveillance. Based on GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates, 1,276,106 new cases of prostate cancer were reported worldwide in 2018, with higher prevalence in the developed countries. Differences in the incidence rates worldwide reflect differences in the use of diagnostic testing. Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates are strongly related to the age with the highest incidence being seen in elderly men (> 65 years of age). African-American men have the highest incidence rates and more aggressive type of prostate cancer compared to White men. There is no evidence yet on how to prevent prostate cancer; however, it is possible to lower the risk by limiting high-fat foods, increasing the intake of vegetables and fruits and performing more exercise. Screening is highly recommended at age 45 for men with familial history and African-American men. Up-to-date statistics on prostate cancer occurrence and outcomes along with a better understanding of the etiology and causative risk factors are essential for the primary prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Rawla
- Hospitalist, Department of Internal Medicine, SOVAH Health, Martinsville, VA 24112, USA.
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