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Martín-Montes A, Recuero M, Sastre I, Vilella E, Rosich-Estragó M, Atienza M, Cantero JL, Frank-García A, Bullido MJ. Cholesterol dysregulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 373:577996. [PMID: 36334319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol and the immune system are involved in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). To investigate the relations among them, we compared the cholesterol content in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of cognitively healthy controls and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD in two independent samples. Free cholesterol content of PBMC was lower in MCI and AD patients, and was modulated by APOE genotype. A decrease of CD8+ and an increase of CD16+ was also found in AD patients. These results suggest that cholesterol levels in PBMCs may represent an early signature of the disease and support the involvement of immune system in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martín-Montes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Recuero
- Centro de Biologia Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Sastre
- Centro de Biologia Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Vilella
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA, Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Centro de investigación biomédica en red en salud mental, CIBERSAM-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Rosich-Estragó
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA, Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Centro de investigación biomédica en red en salud mental, CIBERSAM-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Atienza
- CIBERNED, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - J L Cantero
- CIBERNED, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - A Frank-García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Bullido
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Biologia Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
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Barrea L, Annunziata G, Bordoni L, Muscogiuri G, Colao A, Savastano S. Nutrigenetics-personalized nutrition in obesity and cardiovascular diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY SUPPLEMENTS 2020; 10:1-13. [PMID: 32714508 PMCID: PMC7371677 DOI: 10.1038/s41367-020-0014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data support the view that both obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account for a high proportion of total morbidity and mortality in adults throughout the world. Obesity and CVD have complex interplay mechanisms of genetic and environmental factors, including diet. Nutrition is an environmental factor and it has a predominant and recognizable role in health management and in the prevention of obesity and obesity-related diseases, including CVD. However, there is a marked variation in CVD in patients with obesity and the same dietary pattern. The different genetic polymorphisms could explain this variation, which leads to the emergence of the concept of nutrigenetics. Nutritional genomics or nutrigenetics is the science that studies and characterizes gene variants associated with differential response to specific nutrients and relating this variation to various diseases, such as CVD related to obesity. Thus, the personalized nutrition recommendations, based on the knowledge of an individual's genetic background, might improve the outcomes of a specific dietary intervention and represent a new dietary approach to improve health, reducing obesity and CVD. Given these premises, it is intuitive to suppose that the elucidation of diet and gene interactions could support more specific and effective dietary interventions in both obesity and CVD prevention through personalized nutrition based on nutrigenetics. This review aims to briefly summarize the role of the most important genes associated with obesity and CVD and to clarify the knowledge about the relation between nutrition and gene expression and the role of the main nutrition-related genes in obesity and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Macerata Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - on behalf of Obesity Programs of nutrition, Education, Research and Assessment (OPERA) Group
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Macerata Italy
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Ulven SM, Holven KB. Metabolomic and gene expression analysis to study the effects of dietary saturated and polyunsaturated fats. Curr Opin Lipidol 2020; 31:15-19. [PMID: 31789669 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Give an update on recent dietary intervention studies that have used peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression analysis and/or metabolic profiling to understand how intake of polyunsaturated and saturated fat affects and biological pathways linked to cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS Several studies showed that intake of fish oil and vegetable oil, high in omega-3 fatty acids, reduced expression level of genes involved in inflammation. One intervention study showed that gene transcripts encoding genes involved inflammation and lipid metabolism increased after intake of polyunsaturated fat (mainly omega-6 fatty acids) compared to saturated fat. Additionally, using targeted metabolomics, the concentrations of atherogenic lipoprotein particles and several metabolites including palmitoylcarnitine, myristoylcarnitine, and kynurenine were reduced after intake of polyunsaturated fat compared to saturated fat, whereas acetate and acetoacetate were increased. The use of targeted metabolomics showed that overfeeding with polyunsaturated fat reduced the serum concentration of ceramides, dihydroceramides, glucosylceramides, and lactosylceramides, whereas overfeeding with saturated fat increased serum concentration of these metabolites. SUMMARY The use of gene expression profiling and metabolomics are promising tools to identify possible new biomarkers linking fat quality to cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Huang SY, Sabrina N, Chien YW, Chen YC, Lin SH, Chang JS. A Moderate Interleukin-6 Reduction, Not a Moderate Weight Reduction, Improves the Serum Iron Status in Diet-Induced Weight Loss with Fish Oil Supplementation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800243. [PMID: 30052315 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Whether moderate weight loss or a reduction in IL-6 improves the serum iron status in overweight (OW) and obese adults supplemented with or without fish oil is explored. METHODS AND RESULTS In total, 93 OW/obese Taiwanese adults with ≥2 metabolic components are randomized to a 12-week calorie-restricted diet with meal replacement alone (CRMR, n = 45) or supplemented with fish oil (CRMRF, n = 48). Mean reductions in the %body weight and serum IL-6 are 7.5% versus 5.9% and 21% versus 35% for the CRMR and CRMRF groups, respectively. In the CRMRF group, a moderate loss of IL-6 (reduced ≥35%) also significantly improves the serum iron and transferrin saturation compared to those with loss of <35% in the mean serum IL-6 or those of the CRMR group who has a moderate loss of IL-6 (reduced ≥21%) (all p < 0.05). In contrast, modest weight loss does not improve the serum iron status. CONCLUSIONS Fish oil is ineffective as an adjunct for weight or fat loss but has beneficial effects on preserving the lean body mass. A significant improvement in the iron status is only observed in those with moderate loss of serum IL-6 supplemented with fish oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Nindy Sabrina
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Nutrition Program, Faculty of Food Technology and Health, Sahid Jakarta University, Jakarta, 12870, Indonesia
| | - Yi-Wen Chien
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Hsiang Lin
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Su Chang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Chinese Taipei Society for the Study of Obesity, CTSSO, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
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The impact of protein quantity during energy restriction on genome-wide gene expression in adipose tissue of obese humans. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1114-1120. [PMID: 28337029 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity is a growing health problem worldwide. The most effective strategy to reduce weight is energy restriction (ER). ER has been shown to be beneficial in disease prevention and it reduces chronic inflammation. Recent studies suggest that reducing the protein quantity of a diet contributes to the beneficial effects by ER. The organ most extensively affected during ER is white adipose tissue (WAT). OBJECTIVE The first objective was to assess changes in gene expression between a high-protein diet and a normal protein diet during ER. Second, the total effect of ER on changes in gene expression in WAT was assessed. METHODS In a parallel double-blinded controlled study, overweight older participants adhered to a 25% ER diet, either combined with high-protein intake (HP-ER, 1.7 g kg-1 per day), or with normal protein intake (NP-ER, 0.9 g kg-1 per day) for 12 weeks. From 10 HP-ER participants and 12 NP-ER participants subcutaneous WAT biopsies were collected before and after the diet intervention. Adipose tissue was used to isolate total RNA and to evaluate whole-genome gene expression changes upon a HP-ER and NP-ER diet. RESULTS A different gene expression response between HP-ER and NP-ER was observed for 530 genes. After NP-ER, a downregulation in expression of genes linked to immune cell infiltration, adaptive immune response and inflammasome was found, whereas no such effect was found after HP-ER. HP-ER resulted in upregulation in expression of genes linked to cell cycle, GPCR signalling, olfactory signalling and nitrogen metabolism. Upon 25% ER, gene sets related to energy metabolism and immune response were decreased. CONCLUSIONS Based on gene expression changes, we concluded that consumption of normal protein quantity compared with high-protein quantity during ER has a more beneficial effect on inflammation-related gene expression in WAT.
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Slim KE, Vauzour D, Tejera N, Voshol PJ, Cassidy A, Minihane AM. The effect of dietary fish oil on weight gain and insulin sensitivity is dependent on APOE genotype in humanized targeted replacement mice. FASEB J 2017; 31:989-997. [PMID: 27895108 PMCID: PMC5295733 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600921rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the independent and interactive impact of the common APOE genotype and marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the development of obesity and associated cardiometabolic dysfunction in a murine model. Human APOE3 and APOE4 targeted replacement mice were fed either a control high-fat diet (HFD) or an HFD supplemented with 3% n-3 PUFAs from fish oil (HFD + FO) for 8 wk. We established the impact of intervention on food intake, body weight, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass; plasma, lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides), liver enzymes, and adipokines; glucose and insulin during an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test; and Glut4 and ApoE expression in VAT. HFD feeding induced more weight gain and higher plasma lipids in APOE3 compared to APOE4 mice (P < 0.05), along with a 2-fold higher insulin and impaired glucose tolerance. Supplementing APOE3, but not APOE4, animals with dietary n-3 PUFAs decreased body-weight gain, plasma lipids, and insulin (P < 0.05) and improved glucose tolerance, which was associated with increased VAT Glut4 mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Our findings demonstrate that an APOE3 genotype predisposes mice to develop obesity and its metabolic complications, which was attenuated by n-3 PUFA supplementation.-Slim, K. E., Vauzour, D., Tejera, N., Voshol, P. J., Cassidy, A., Minihane, A. M. The effect of dietary fish oil on weight gain and insulin sensitivity is dependent on APOE genotype in humanized targeted replacement mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenna E Slim
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - David Vauzour
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Noemi Tejera
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Voshol
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Louis Bolk Institute, Driebergen, The Netherlands; and
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom;
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