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Wang T, Liao H, Lin J, Zhang M, Chen B, Yin R, Sun J, Dai H, Liu H. Antidiabetic action of the Chinese formula Shouhuitongbian and the underlying mechanism associated with alteration of gut microbiota. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155575. [PMID: 38636179 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have dramatically increased. The intestinal flora and its derived metabolites are demonstrated to play vital roles in the etiology and onset of T2DM. Shouhuitongbian (SHTB) is a traditional Chinese formula to treat constipation. SHTB is composed of seven herbs and components of Colla corii asini (CCA) that are obtained from the hide of Equus asinus L.. Some of herbs in SHTB such as Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., Cassia obtusifolia L., fruits of Lycium barbarum L., and Citrus aurantium L. have shown to improve insulin resistance (IR) and T2DM in early reports. We hypothesized that SHTB composed of these herbs has antidiabetic effects. The antidiabetic efficacy and mechanism of action of SHTB have not been previously reported. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE To demonstrate the antidiabetic effect and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of SHTB from the perspective of gut microbiota. STUDY DESIGN The main compounds were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-mass spectrometry analysis. High fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and db/db mice were used to assess the antidiabetic effects and the mechanism of SHTB. The underlying mechanisms were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot analysis, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, and targeted metabolome analysis. METHODS HFD-fed mice and db/db mice were orally treated with the standard positive drug metformin (100 mg/kg/d) and with SHTB (200 and 100 mg/kg/d), which was chemically characterized according to the European Medicine Agency (EMA) guidelines. The beneficial effects of SHTB were studied by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), total cholesterol (T-CHO), triglyceride (TG), and inflammation. Subsequently, 16S rDNA-based high-throughput pyrosequencing and GC-MS-based targeted metabolomics profiling were performed to analyze the gut microbiota composition and metabolites profile in the gut, respectively. Moreover, the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) / insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) / phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) / protein kinase B (AKT) pathway was evaluated via qPCR and western blot. RESULTS Chemically characterized SHTB, in which six markers were quantified, effectively alleviated glucose intolerance and IR, ameliorated lipid metabolism dysfunction, and reduced inflammation. In addition, 16S rDNA sequencing found that SHTB reshaped the composition of intestinal flora, as indicated by the enrichment of Akkermansia and Parabacteroides in both HFD-fed and db/db mice. Moreover, SHTB enhanced the intestinal production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched short-chain fatty acids (BSCFAs), and reduced the levels of the fecal and circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). The IRS-1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was upregulated after treatment with SHTB. CONCLUSION Orally administration of SHTB effectively improved IR and reduced hyperglycemia in mice. Treatment with SHTB regulated the gut BCAAs-mTORC1/IRS-1/PI3K/AKT axis by enhancing the BCAAs catabolism in the gut, which attenuated the deleterious effect of BCAAs on the IRS-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Huan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jinghan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Mingkai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Education, College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Baosong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Ruopeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jingzu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Huanqin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
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Peng J, Lu C, Luo Y, Su X, Li S, Ho CT. Hypoglycemic effects and associated mechanisms of resveratrol and related stilbenes in diet. Food Funct 2024; 15:2381-2405. [PMID: 38376230 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04761j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia has become a global health problem due to changes in diet and lifestyle. Most importantly, persistent hyperglycemia can eventually develop into type II diabetes. While the usage of current drugs is limited by their side effects, stilbenes derived from fruits and herbal/dietary plants are considered as important phytochemicals with potential hypoglycemic properties. Herein, the most common stilbenoids in consumed foods, i.e. resveratrol, pterostilbene, piceatannol, oxyresveratrol, and 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucopyranoside (THSG), are reviewed in this paper. These stilbenes are found to regulate glucose homeostasis via (a) modulation of feeding behaviour and nutrition absorption; (b) restoration of insulin signalling by enhancing insulin production/insulin sensitivity; (c) improvement of gut permeability, gut microbial profile and resulting metabolomes; and (d) amelioration of circadian rhythm disruption. In this review, we have summarized the underlying mechanisms for the hypoglycemic effects of the five most common dietary stilbenoids listed above, providing a comprehensive framework for future study and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Peng
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick 08901, USA
| | - Chenyang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products and School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Yue Luo
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick 08901, USA
| | - Xiurong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products and School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Shiming Li
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick 08901, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei 438000, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick 08901, USA
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Zhang ZL, Li YZ, Wu GQ, Zhang DD, Deng C, Wang ZM, Song XM, Wang W. A comprehensive review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Reynoutria genus. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1718-1742. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The genus Reynoutria belonging to the family Polygonaceae is widely distributed in the north temperate zone and used in folk medicine. It is administered as a sedative, tonic and digestive, also as a treatment for canities and alopecia. Herein, we reported a review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology reported from 1985 up to early 2022. All the information and studies concerning Reynoutria plants were summarized from the library and digital databases (e.g. ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Medline PubMed, Google Scholar, and CNKI).
Key findings
A total of 185 articles on the genus Reynoutria have been collected. The phytochemical investigations of Reynoutria species revealed the presence of more than 277 chemical components, including stilbenoids, quinones, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, phospholipids, lactones, phenolics and phenolic acids. Moreover, the compounds isolated from the genus Reynoutria possess a wide spectrum of pharmacology such as anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anticancer, neuroprotective, anti-virus and heart protection.
Summary
In this paper, the traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of genus Reynoutria were reviewed. As a source of traditional folk medicine, the Reynoutria genus have high medicinal value and they are widely used in medicine. Therefore, we hope our review can help genus Reynoutria get better development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Long Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046 , China
| | - Yu-Ze Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046 , China
| | - Guo-Qing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046 , China
| | - Dong-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046 , China
| | - Chong Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046 , China
| | - Zhi-Min Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , BeiJing 100700 , China
| | - Xiao-Mei Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine , Xian Yang, Shaanxi 712046 , China
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Tang W, Zhan J, Li S, Liu Y, Ho CT. Hypoglycemic effects of naturally processed Polygonum multiflorum extract in KK CgAy/J mice and its mechanism of action. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Teka T, Wang L, Gao J, Mou J, Pan G, Yu H, Gao X, Han L. Polygonum multiflorum: Recent updates on newly isolated compounds, potential hepatotoxic compounds and their mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113864. [PMID: 33485980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.(PM), (known as Heshouwu () in China) is one of the most important and well mentioned Chinese medicinal herbs in the literature for its use in blackening hair, nourishing liver and kidney, anti-aging, anti-hyperlipidemia, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotection, cardio-protection and improving age-related cognitive dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to give a comprehensive and recent update on PM: new compounds or isolated for the first time, potential hepatotoxic compounds and their mechanisms. Moreover, future perspectives and challenges in the future study of this plant are conversed which will make a new base for further study on PM. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive review of relevant published literature on PM using the scientific databases SCOPUS, PubMed, and Science Direct was done. RESULTS PM is broadly produced in many provinces of China and well known in other Eastern Asian Countries for its ethno-medical uses. Previous phytochemical investigation of PM had led to the isolation of more than 175 compounds including recently isolated 70 new compounds. Most of the new compounds isolated after 2015 are majorly dianthrone glycosides and stilbene glycosides. Processing has also a significant effect on chemical composition, pharmacological activities, and toxicity of PM. PM-induced liver injury is increasing after the first report in Hong Kong in 1996. Hepatotoxicity of PM was constantly reported in Japan, Korea, China, Australia, Britain, Italy, and other countries although its toxicity is related to idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. More interestingly, although there is indispensable interest to predict idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of PM and understand its mechanisms, the responsible hepatotoxic compounds and mechanisms of liver damage induced by PM are still not clear. There is a big controversy on the identification of the most responsible constituent. Anthraquinone and stilbene compounds in PM, mainly emodine and TSG are mentioned in the literature to be the main responsible hepatotoxic compounds. However, comparing the two compounds, which one is the more critical toxic agent for PM-induced hepatotoxicity is not well answered. Affecting different physiological and metabolic pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cycle pathway, metabolic pathways, bile acid excretion pathway and genetic polymorphisms are among the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity of PM. CONCLUSION Deeper and effective high throughput experimental studies are still research hotspots to know the most responsible constituent and the mechanism of PM-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tekleab Teka
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, P. O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Liming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Jiajia Mou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Guixiang Pan
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 69 Zengchan Road, Hebei District, Tianjin, 300250, PR China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
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The Root of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082353. [PMID: 32781739 PMCID: PMC7468938 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatosis and insulin resistance are critical health problems and cause metabolic complications worldwide. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) against hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance by using in vitro and in vivo models. PM extract significantly attenuated the accumulation of lipid droplets and hepatic triglyceride in free fatty acid (FFA)-exposed HepG2 cells. PM extract increased the AMPK and ACC phosphorylation and GLUT4 expression, whose levels were downregulated in FFA-exposed cells. PM extract also decreased precursor and mature forms of SREBP-1 in FFA-exposed cells. C57BL/6 mice fed with normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) were administered PM extract (100 mg/kg) or vehicle orally for 16 weeks. PM extract attenuated the increases of the epididymal and perirenal fats on HFD feeding. PM extract markedly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and fasting glucose levels, and improved glucose and insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed mice. HFD-fed mice decreased the AMPK and ACC phosphorylation and GLUT4 expression, and increased precursor and mature forms of SREBP-1; these changes were significantly restored by PM extract. In conclusion, PM extract alleviates non-alcoholic steatosis and insulin resistance through modulating the expression of proteins on lipid metabolism and glucose transport in the liver.
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Wang X, Zeng J, Wang X, Li J, Chen J, Wang N, Zhang M, Feng Y, Guo H. 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside induces autophagy of liver by activating PI3K/Akt and Erk pathway in prediabetic rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:177. [PMID: 32513151 PMCID: PMC7278085 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02949-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) is an active compound derived from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., a Chinese Taoist herbal medicine, which exerts lipid lowering, anti-cancer, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. However, its role in protecting hepatocytes under pre-diabetic condition remains unclear. METHODS In this study, we developed prediabetic SD rats by feeding high-fat and high-sugar diet. The body weight, blood lipid, blood glucose, and fasting insulin (FINS) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were detected and calculated to assess the potential risk of prediabetes. HE and Oil Red O staining was used, and blood level of biochemical index was detected to observe the liver injury. The autophagic cell death-associated signaling proteins, and the potential signaling factors p-Akt/Akt and p-Erk/Erk were detected using western blot to explore the potential effects of TSG on pre-diabetic liver and the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS The results showed that the body weight in TSG-treated group was significantly decreased vs. the model group. The blood glucose, the level of FINS and HOMA-IR, TC and TG were decreased in TSG-treated group as well. Furthermore, TSG treatment significantly ameliorated lipid droplet accumulation, enhanced liver anti-oxidative response which may be associated with an increased activity of SOD and GSH-Px, and a decrease of LDLC and MDA. The autophagic cell death-associated proteins, p-AMPK, ATG12, LC3 II, and Beclin 1 were up-regulated in the TSG-treated group, while the upstream signaling pathway, PI3K/Akt and Erk, were activated. CONCLUSIONS TSG induced liver autophagic cell death to protect liver from prediabetic injury by activating PI3K/Akt and Erk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanbin Wang
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research; Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, 39 Middle Chaoyang Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Hubei University of Medicine, 30 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ju Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Hubei University of Medicine, 30 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jin Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, Hubei University of Medicine, 30 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 442000, Hong Kong S.A.R, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Hubei University of Medicine, 30 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 442000, Hong Kong S.A.R, China.
| | - Huailan Guo
- School of Public Health and Management, Hubei University of Medicine, 30 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China. .,Center for Environment and Health in Water Source Area of South-to-North Water Diversion, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China.
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Gu W, Yang M, Bi Q, Zeng LX, Wang X, Dong JC, Li FJ, Yang XX, Li JP, Yu J. Water extract from processed Polygonum multiflorum modulate gut microbiota and glucose metabolism on insulin resistant rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:107. [PMID: 32248799 PMCID: PMC7132990 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of insulin resistance (IR) has rapidly increased worldwide over the last 20 years, no perfect solution has yet been identified. Finding new therapeutic drugs will help improve this situation. As a traditional Chinese medicine, PPM (processed Polygonum multiflorum) has widely been used in the clinic. Recently, other clinical functions of PPM have been widely analyzed. Results Administration of the water extract from PPM decreased the level of FBG, TC, and TG, and increased the level of FGC, thereby reducing the IR index and improving IR. Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed that PPM significantly increased GPR43 and AMPK expression when compared with the MOD group, and GPR43, AMPK were known as glucose metabolism-related proteins. In addition, treatment with PPM can restore the balance of gut microbiota by adjusting the relative abundance of bacteria both at the phylum and genus level, and these changes have been reported to be related to IR. Methods Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed a high-fat diet and were gavaged daily with either normal saline solution or PPM for 12 weeks. Major biochemical indexes, such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting glucagon (FGC), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were measured. Then the protein expression of adenosine 5′-monophosphate -activated protein kinase (AMPK) and G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) was evaluated by using Western blot analysis. Moreover, the composition of gut microbiota was assessed by analyzing 16S rRNA sequences. Conclusions Our findings showed that PPM reversed the increasing of FBG and the decreasing of IRI, PPM accelerated the expression of glucose metabolism-related proteins and regulated the intestinal microecological balance. Therefore, we hold the opinion that PPM may be an effective option for treating IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Bi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Xi Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Cai Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Jiao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Xin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ping Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Yu W, Zhao J, Li W, Zheng Y, Zhu J, Liu J, Liu R, Wang Z, Wang X, Hai C. 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside alleviated the acute hepatotoxicity and DNA damage in diethylnitrosamine-contaminated mice. Life Sci 2020; 243:117274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Pałasz A, Cież D, Trzewik B, Miszczak K, Tynor G, Bazan B. In the Search of Glycoside-Based Molecules as Antidiabetic Agents. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2019; 377:19. [PMID: 31165274 PMCID: PMC6548768 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review is an effort to summarize recent developments in synthesis of O-glycosides and N-, C-glycosyl molecules with promising antidiabetic potential. Articles published after 2000 are included. First, the O-glycosides used in the treatment of diabetes are presented, followed by the N-glycosides and finally the C-glycosides constituting the largest group of antidiabetic drugs are described. Within each group of glycosides, we presented how the structure of compounds representing potential drugs changes and when discussing chemical compounds of a similar structure, achievements are presented in the chronological order. C-Glycosyl compounds mimicking O-glycosides structure, exhibit the best features in terms of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Therefore, the largest part of the article is concerned with the description of the synthesis and biological studies of various C-glycosides. Also N-glycosides such as N-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-amides, N-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-ureas, and 1,2,3-triazolyl derivatives belong to the most potent classes of antidiabetic agents. In order to indicate which of the compounds presented in the given sections have the best inhibitory properties, a list of the best inhibitors is presented at the end of each section. In summary, the best inhibitors were selected from each of the summarizing figures and the results of the ranking were placed. In this way, the reader can learn about the structure of the compounds having the best antidiabetic activity. The compounds, whose synthesis was described in the article but did not appear on the figures presenting the structures of the most active inhibitors, did not show proper activity as inhibitors. Thus, the article also presents studies that have not yielded the desired results and show directions of research that should not be followed. In order to show the directions of the latest research, articles from 2018 to 2019 are described in a separate Sect. 5. In Sect. 6, biological mechanisms of action of the glycosides and patents of marketed drugs are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Pałasz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Cież
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartosz Trzewik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miszczak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Tynor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Bazan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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Popular functional foods and herbs for the management of type-2-diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive review with special reference to clinical trials and its proposed mechanism. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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12
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Long T, Wang L, Yang Y, Yuan L, Zhao H, Chang CC, Yang G, Ho CT, Li S. Protective effects of trans-2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-d-glucopyranoside on liver fibrosis and renal injury induced by CCl4via down-regulating p-ERK1/2 and p-Smad1/2. Food Funct 2019; 10:5115-5123. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01010f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Both as a food and an herbal plant, Polygonum multiflorum (PM) has long been used in food and prescriptions for several centuries in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Long
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials
- Huanggang Normal University
- Huanggang
- China
| | - Liwen Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials
- Huanggang Normal University
- Huanggang
- China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology
| | - Yiwen Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials
- Huanggang Normal University
- Huanggang
- China
| | - Li Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials
- Huanggang Normal University
- Huanggang
- China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology
- School of Biotechnology and Food Science
- Tianjin University of Commerce
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Chia-Che Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung 40227
- Taiwan
| | - Guliang Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials
- Huanggang Normal University
- Huanggang
- China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science
- Rutgers University
- New Brunswick
- USA
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials
- Huanggang Normal University
- Huanggang
- China
- Department of Food Science
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13
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Anti-inflammatory effects of trans -2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene 2- O - β -glucopyranoside (THSG) from Polygonum multiflorum (PM) and hypoglycemic effect of cis -THSG enriched PM extract. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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