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Lv S, Ding Y, Huang J, He Y, Xie R, Shi X, Ye W. Genetic prediction of micronutrient levels and the risk of colorectal polyps: A mendelian randomization study. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1405-1413. [PMID: 38691983 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous epidemiological and experimental studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the influence of human micronutrient levels on the risk of colorectal polyps (CP). In our study, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) investigation to probe the link between 13 human micronutrients (calcium, selenium, magnesium, phosphorus, folate, vitamins B-6, B-12, C, D, beta-carotene, iron, zinc, and copper) and the genetic susceptibility to CP. METHODS Summary statistics for CP (n = 463,010) were obtained from pan-European genome-wide association studies, and instrumental variables for 13 micronutrients were screened from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS). After selecting suitable instrumental variables, we performed a two-sample MR study, deploying sensitivity analyses to judge heterogeneity and pleiotropy, using inverse variance weighted methods as our primary estimation tool. RESULTS Our study identified that a genetic predisposition to elevated toenail and circulating selenium or serum β-carotene concentrations lowers the risk of CP occurrence. However, no statistically significant association was observed between the other 11 micronutrients and the risk of CP. CONCLUSION The study findings provide evidence that the micronutrient selenium and β-carotene may confer protective effects against the development of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Yunyi Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Junli Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Yixin He
- Gynaecologic Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Ruijie Xie
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany.
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China.
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Popov AM, Kozlovskaya EP, Klimovich AA, Rutckova TA, Vakhrushev AI, Hushpulian DM, Gazaryan IG, Makhankov VV, Son OM, Tekutyeva LA. Carotenoids from Starfish Patiria pectinifera: Therapeutic Activity in Models of Inflammatory Diseases. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:470. [PMID: 37755083 PMCID: PMC10533026 DOI: 10.3390/md21090470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The carotenoids mixture (MC) isolated from the starfish Patiria. pectinifera contains more than 50% astaxanthin, 4-6% each zeaxanthine and lutein, and less pharmacologically active components such as free fatty acids and their glycerides. Astaxanthin, the major component of MC, belongs to the xanthophyll class of carotenoids, and is well known for its antioxidant properties. In this work, in vitro and in vivo studies on the biological activity of MC were carried out. The complex was shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and cancer-preventive activity, without any toxicity at a dose of 500 mg/kg. MC effectively improves the clinical picture of the disease progressing, as well as normalizing the cytokine profile and the antioxidant defense system in the in vivo animal models of inflammatory diseases, namely: skin carcinogenesis, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and systemic inflammation (SI). In the skin carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene, the incidence of papillomas was decreased 1.5 times; 1% MC ointment form in allergic contact dermatitis showed an 80% reduced severity of pathomorphological skin manifestations. Obtained results show that MC from starfish P. pectinifera is an effective remedy for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr M. Popov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.A.K.); (T.A.R.); (A.I.V.)
| | - Emma P. Kozlovskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.A.K.); (T.A.R.); (A.I.V.)
| | - Anna A. Klimovich
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.A.K.); (T.A.R.); (A.I.V.)
| | - Tatyana A. Rutckova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.A.K.); (T.A.R.); (A.I.V.)
| | - Aleksey I. Vakhrushev
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.A.K.); (T.A.R.); (A.I.V.)
| | - Dmitry M. Hushpulian
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 13/4 Myasnitskaya str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (D.M.H.); (I.G.G.)
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninski prospect 33, Moscow 1190721, Russia
| | - Irina G. Gazaryan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 13/4 Myasnitskaya str., Moscow 117997, Russia; (D.M.H.); (I.G.G.)
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, Dyson College of Art and Sciences, Pace University, 861 Bedford Road, Pleasantville, NY 10570, USA
| | - Vyacheslav V. Makhankov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.A.K.); (T.A.R.); (A.I.V.)
| | - Oksana M. Son
- School of Advanced Engineering Studies, Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food Systems, Far Eastern Federal University, p. Ajax 10, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russia; (O.M.S.); (L.A.T.)
- ARNIKA, Territory of PDA Nadezhdinskaya, Volno-Nadezhdinskoye 692481, Russia
| | - Liudmila A. Tekutyeva
- School of Advanced Engineering Studies, Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food Systems, Far Eastern Federal University, p. Ajax 10, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russia; (O.M.S.); (L.A.T.)
- ARNIKA, Territory of PDA Nadezhdinskaya, Volno-Nadezhdinskoye 692481, Russia
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Rudzińska A, Juchaniuk P, Oberda J, Wiśniewska J, Wojdan W, Szklener K, Mańdziuk S. Phytochemicals in Cancer Treatment and Cancer Prevention-Review on Epidemiological Data and Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081896. [PMID: 37111115 PMCID: PMC10144429 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are a non-nutritive substances that are present in plants and contribute significantly to their flavor and color. These biologically active compounds are classified into five major groups, namely phenolics, carotenoids, organosulfur compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, and alkaloids, and are known for their potential health benefits in the prevention of various diseases, including cancer. The purpose of this review article is to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of the dietary phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols, carotenoids, and stilbenes, in cancer treatment and prevention based on the epidemiological studies and clinical trials. Although the majority of epidemiological studies report a significant advantage of the heightened phytochemical consumption and increased serum levels of these compounds, linking increased exposure with a lower cancer risk across most cancer types, these effects could not be replicated in the most available clinical trials. In fact, many of these trials were withdrawn early due to a lack of evidence and/or risk of harm. Despite the strong anticancer effect of phytochemicals, as well as their proven efficacy in multiple epidemiological studies, there is still a great need for human studies and clinical trials, with great caution regarding the safety measures. This review article provides an overview of the epidemiological and clinical evidence supporting the potential chemopreventive and anticancer properties of phytochemicals, with a focus on the need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rudzińska
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Pola Juchaniuk
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Oberda
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Wiśniewska
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Witold Wojdan
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szklener
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Mańdziuk
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
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Zhao Z, Chen J, Ci F, Pang H, Cheng N, Xing A. α-Carotene: a valuable carotenoid in biological and medical research. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5606-5617. [PMID: 35478460 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
α-Carotene, one of the C40 carotenes, is a natural lipid-soluble terpene. The chemical structure of α-carotene is based on the unsaturated polyene chain skeleton, with an ε-ring and a β-ring on each side of the skeleton. α-Carotene is widely found in dietary fruits and vegetables, and the concentration depends on the plant species. In addition, processing methods and storage conditions used in the food and medical industries can alter the concentration of α-carotene in raw materials. This review of α-carotene summarizes the major studies on chemical structure, source, extraction, detection, biosynthesis, processing effect, bioactivity, medicine, and biotechnology. Whether α-carotene supplementation or a diet rich in fruits and vegetables has a positive effect on the prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other diseases is the focus of this study. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhao
- Department of Environmental and Food Engineering, Liuzhou Vocational and Technical College, Liuzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Environmental and Food Engineering, Liuzhou Vocational and Technical College, Liuzhou, China
| | - FangFang Ci
- Weihai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Weihai, China
| | - He Pang
- Ningbo Innolux Optoelectronics Ltd, Innolux Display Group, Innolux Corporation, Ningbo, China
| | - Ning Cheng
- Department of Environmental and Food Engineering, Liuzhou Vocational and Technical College, Liuzhou, China
| | - Aijia Xing
- Department of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology (Rongcheng Campus), Weihai, China
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Han X, Zhao R, Zhang G, Jiao Y, Wang Y, Wang D, Cai H. Association of Retinol and Carotenoids Content in Diet and Serum With Risk for Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:918777. [PMID: 35845801 PMCID: PMC9280435 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.918777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is linked to serum and dietary retinol and carotenoids, according to clinical and epidemiological research. However, the findings are not consistent. As a result, we did this meta-analysis to determine the link between them. Methods From 2000 through 2022, the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, as well as pertinent article references, were searched and filtered based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and literature quality ratings. High and low intake were used as controls, and OR (odds ratio) or RR (relative risk) and 95% confidence interval were extracted. The extracted data were plotted and analyzed using Stata12.0 software. Results A total of 22 relevant studies were included, including 18 studies related to diet and 4 studies related to serum. For high and low intake or concentration controls, the pooled OR was as follows: β-carotene (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.78–1.03), α-carotene (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.72–1.03), lycopene (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.81–1.07), lutein/zeaxanthin (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.87–1.07), β-cryptoxanthin (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.48–1.01), total carotenoids (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.81–1.15), retinol (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.89–1.10), serum carotenoids (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58–0.93), serum retinol (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.26–1.49). Subgroup analysis was performed according to tumor type, study type and sex. Conclusion Total carotenoid intake and Lutein/Zeaxanthin intake were not associated with CRC risk. High β-carotene, α-carotene, lycopene, and β-cryptoxanthin all tended to reduce CRC risk. Serum carotenoid concentrations were significantly inversely associated with CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Han
- Graduate School, Ning Xia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rangyin Zhao
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yajun Jiao
- Graduate School, Ning Xia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Da Wang
- Medical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hui Cai
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- First Clinical College of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Cai,
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Jiang Z, Chen H, Li M, Wang W, Fan C, Long F. Association of Dietary Carrot/Carotene Intakes With Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:888898. [PMID: 35782935 PMCID: PMC9247642 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.888898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The evidence of dietary carrot/carotene intake's effect on the association with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is conflicted. We sought to examine the association of carrot/carotene intake with CRC incidence and mortality in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening cohort. Methods In all, 101,680 participants were enrolled between November 1993 and July 2001 from the PLCO cohort. We employed the multivariable Cox regression analyses to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were performed to examine the potential effect modifiers. We further applied the generalized additive model to explore the non-linear trend of the exposure to cancer-related outcomes. Results A total of 1,100 CRC cases and 443 cancer-related deaths were documented. We noted that the 4th quintile of dietary carrot intakes was associated with a 21% lower risk of CRC incidence, compared with the lowest quintile group (full-adjusted HRquintile4vs.quintile1 = 0.79, 95%CI = 0.65–0.97, p for trend = 0.05), while the adjusted-HR was 0.95 (95%CI = 0.89–1.02) with per SD increment of carrot intakes, and no statistically significant associations were detected between dietary α-, and β-carotene intake and CRC incidence. There were no statistically significant associations observed between carrot/carotene intakes and CRC mortality. Furthermore, there were no non-linear dose-response relationships between dietary carrot, α-, and β-carotene intake and CRC incidence and mortality (all pnonlinearity > 0.05). Of note, smoking status as a modifier on the association of dietary carrot intakes with CRC incidence but not mortality was observed. Conclusions In summary, this large U.S. prospective cohort study indicated that a moderate consumption of carrots was associated with a lower CRC incidence, which suggested that a certain dose-range of carrots consumed might contribute to a potential cancer-prevention effect, not the more the better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongze Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huilin Chen
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Research Center for Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanwen Fan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feiwu Long
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Feiwu Long
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Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Effects of Microalgal Carotenoids. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100531. [PMID: 34677429 PMCID: PMC8539290 DOI: 10.3390/md19100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a key component of the immune system’s response to pathogens, toxic agents, or tissue injury, involving the stimulation of defense mechanisms aimed to removing pathogenic factors and restoring tissue homeostasis. However, uncontrolled acute inflammatory response may lead to chronic inflammation, which is involved in the development of many diseases, including cancer. Nowadays, the need to find new potential therapeutic compounds has raised the worldwide scientific interest to study the marine environment. Specifically, microalgae are considered rich sources of bioactive molecules, such as carotenoids, which are natural isoprenoid pigments with important beneficial effects for health due to their biological activities. Carotenoids are essential nutrients for mammals, but they are unable to synthesize them; instead, a dietary intake of these compounds is required. Carotenoids are classified as carotenes (hydrocarbon carotenoids), such as α- and β-carotene, and xanthophylls (oxygenate derivatives) including zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, lutein, α- and β-cryptoxanthin, and canthaxanthin. This review summarizes the present up-to-date knowledge of the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of microalgal carotenoids both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the latest status of human studies for their potential use in prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Moisoiu V, Iancu SD, Stefancu A, Moisoiu T, Pardini B, Dragomir MP, Crisan N, Avram L, Crisan D, Andras I, Fodor D, Leopold LF, Socaciu C, Bálint Z, Tomuleasa C, Elec F, Leopold N. SERS liquid biopsy: An emerging tool for medical diagnosis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 208:112064. [PMID: 34517219 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is emerging as a novel strategy for biofluid analysis. In this review, we delineate four experimental SERS protocols that are frequently used for the profiling of biofluids: 1) liquid SERS for the detection of purine metabolites; 2) iodide-modified liquid SERS for the detection of proteins; 3) dried SERS for the detection of both purine metabolites and proteins; 4) resonant Raman for the detection of carotenoids. To explain the selectivity of each experimental SERS protocol, we introduce a heuristic model for the chemisorption of analytes mediated by adsorbed ions (adions) onto the SERS substrate. Next, we show that the promising results of SERS liquid biopsy stem from the fact that the concentration levels of purine metabolites, proteins and carotenoids are informative of the cellular turnover rate, inflammation, and oxidative stress, respectively. These processes are perturbed in virtually every disease, from cancer to autoimmune maladies. Finally, we review recent SERS liquid biopsy studies and discuss future steps that are required for translating SERS in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Moisoiu
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stefania D Iancu
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Stefancu
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tudor Moisoiu
- Clinical Institute of Urology and Renal Transplant, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Biomed Data Analytics SRL, 400696, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060, Candiolo, Italy; Italian Institute of Genomic Medicine (IIGM), 10060, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Mihnea P Dragomir
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolae Crisan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Clinical Municipal Hospital, 400139, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucretia Avram
- Clinical Municipal Hospital, 400139, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Crisan
- Clinical Municipal Hospital, 400139, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; 5th Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iulia Andras
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Clinical Municipal Hospital, 400139, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela Fodor
- 2nd Internal Medicine Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Loredana F Leopold
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; BIODIATECH Research Centre for Applied Biotechnology, SC Proplanta, 400478, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zoltán Bálint
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400124, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, 400124, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florin Elec
- Clinical Institute of Urology and Renal Transplant, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Nicolae Leopold
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Biomed Data Analytics SRL, 400696, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Qi FF, Tao LM, Dai YM, Zhang BM, Wang X, Yu Y. Optimization and application of high-throughput supported liquid extraction for simultaneous determination of carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins in serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1173:122672. [PMID: 33984631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The demand for analysis of carotenoids (CAR) and fat-soluble vitamins (FSV) is continuously expanding, but currently used sample preparation methods either require complicated extraction procedure or large sample volume, let alone the reliability of the results. This study aimed to develop a fast, high-efficient, and high-throughput method based on supported liquid extraction (SLE) for the simultaneous extraction of FSV and CAR from human serum before using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis. The optimization of SLE parameters was achieved through response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken design (BBD) and included serum-water-extraction solvent ratio and eluent volume. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method gives acceptable limits of detection (LOD) (0.005-0.3 μg/mL), good recovery (89.6-110.9%) as well as relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 10.1% by consuming lower serum sample (100 μL) and less sample preparation time (2 min per sample). Compared with liquid-phase extraction (LLE), the SLE delivers rapid extraction with higher recovery, better reproducibility, and lower matrix effect for CAR and FSV analysis. The method has been successfully applied to quantify CAR and FSV levels in serum of healthy individuals and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed method for epidemiology and routine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Qi
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Li-Mei Tao
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Yi-Ming Dai
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Bao-Ming Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, PR China; Hospital of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, PR China.
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10
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Molina-Montes E, García-Villanova B, Guerra-Hernández EJ, Amiano P. Linking nonenzymatic antioxidants in the diet and colorectal cancer. Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819547-5.00020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Rizeq B, Gupta I, Ilesanmi J, AlSafran M, Rahman MDM, Ouhtit A. The Power of Phytochemicals Combination in Cancer Chemoprevention. J Cancer 2020; 11:4521-4533. [PMID: 32489469 PMCID: PMC7255361 DOI: 10.7150/jca.34374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional therapies for cancer treatment have posed many challenges, including toxicity, multidrug resistance and economic expenses. In contrast, complementary alternative medicine (CAM), employing phytochemicals have recently received increased attention owing to their capability to modulate a myriad of molecular mechanisms with a less toxic effect. Increasing evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggest that phytochemicals can favorably modulate several signaling pathways involved in cancer development and progression. Combinations of phytochemicals promote cell death, inhibit cell proliferation and invasion, sensitize cancerous cells, and boost the immune system, thus making them striking alternatives in cancer therapy. We previously investigated the effect of six phytochemicals (Indol-3-Carbinol, Resveratrol, C-phycocyanin, Isoflavone, Curcumin and Quercetin), at their bioavailable levels on breast cancer cell lines and were compared to primary cell lines over a period of 6 days. This study showed the compounds had a synergestic effect in inhibiting cell proliferation, reducing cellular migration and invasion, inducing both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Despite the vast number of basic science and preclinical cancer studies involving phytochemicals, the number of CAM clinical trials in cancer treatment still remains nascent. In this review, we summarize findings from preclinical and clinical studies, including our work involving use of phytochemicals, individually as well as in combination and further discuss the potential of these phytochemicals to pave way to integrate CAM in primary health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balsam Rizeq
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ishita Gupta
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Josephine Ilesanmi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed AlSafran
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - MD Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Allal Ouhtit
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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12
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Black HS, Boehm F, Edge R, Truscott TG. The Benefits and Risks of Certain Dietary Carotenoids that Exhibit both Anti- and Pro-Oxidative Mechanisms-A Comprehensive Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E264. [PMID: 32210038 PMCID: PMC7139534 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoid pigments, particularly β-carotene and lycopene, are consumed in human foodstuffs and play a vital role in maintaining health. β-carotene is known to quench singlet oxygen and can have strong antioxidant activity. As such, it was proposed that β-carotene might reduce the risk of cancer. Epidemiological studies found inverse relationships between cancer risk and β-carotene intake or blood levels. However, clinical trials failed to support those findings and β-carotene supplementation actually increased lung cancer incidence in male smokers. Early experimental animal studies found dietary β-carotene inhibited UV-induced skin cancers. Later studies found that β-carotene supplementation exacerbated UV-carcinogenic expression. The discrepancies of these results were related to the type of diet the animals consumed. Lycopene has been associated with reduced risk of lethal stage prostate cancer. Other carotenoids, e.g., lutein and zeaxanthin, play a vital role in visual health. Numerous studies of molecular mechanisms to explain the carotenoids' mode of action have centered on singlet oxygen, as well as radical reactions. In cellular systems, singlet oxygen quenching by carotenoids has been reported but is more complex than in organic solvents. In dietary β-carotene supplement studies, damaging pro-oxidant reactivity can also arise. Reasons for this switch are likely due to the properties of the carotenoid radicals themselves. Understanding singlet oxygen reactions and the anti-/pro-oxidant roles of carotenoids are of importance to photosynthesis, vision and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homer S. Black
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fritz Boehm
- Photobiology Research, Internationales Handelszentrum (IHZ), Friedrichstraße 95, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ruth Edge
- Dalton Cumbrian Facility, Westlakes Science Park, The University of Manchester, Cumbria CA24 3HA, UK
| | - T. George Truscott
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK;
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13
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Moisoiu V, Stefancu A, Gulei D, Boitor R, Magdo L, Raduly L, Pasca S, Kubelac P, Mehterov N, Chiș V, Simon M, Muresan M, Irimie AI, Baciut M, Stiufiuc R, Pavel IE, Achimas-Cadariu P, Ionescu C, Lazar V, Sarafian V, Notingher I, Leopold N, Berindan-Neagoe I. SERS-based differential diagnosis between multiple solid malignancies: breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian and oral cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6165-6178. [PMID: 31447558 PMCID: PMC6684856 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s198684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy on serum and other biofluids for cancer diagnosis represents an emerging field, which has shown promising preliminary results in several types of malignancies. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that SERS spectroscopy on serum can be employed for the differential diagnosis between five of the leading malignancies, ie, breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian and oral cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Serum samples were acquired from healthy volunteers (n=39) and from patients diagnosed with breast (n=42), colorectal (n=109), lung (n=33), oral (n=17), and ovarian cancer (n=13), comprising n=253 samples in total. SERS spectra were acquired using a 532 nm laser line as excitation source, while the SERS substrates were represented by Ag nanoparticles synthesized by reduction with hydroxylamine. The classification accuracy yielded by SERS was assessed by principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA). RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity in discriminating between cancer patients and controls was 98% and 91%, respectively. Cancer samples were correctly assigned to their corresponding cancer types with an accuracy of 88% for oral cancer, 86% for colorectal cancer, 80% for ovarian cancer, 76% for breast cancer and 59% for lung cancer. CONCLUSION SERS on serum represents a promising strategy of diagnosing cancer which can discriminate between cancer patients and controls, as well as between cancer types such as breast, colorectal, lung ovarian and oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Moisoiu
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Stefancu
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- MedFuture - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- MedFuture - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Boitor
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lorand Magdo
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Pasca
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Paul Kubelac
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Medical Oncology, Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Technological Center for Emergency Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Vasile Chiș
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marioara Simon
- Department of Bronchology, Leon Daniello Pneumophysiology Clinical Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai Muresan
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 5th Surgical Department, Cluj-Napoca Municipal Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Surgical and Gynecological Oncology, Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Iulia Irimie
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Division Dental Propaedeutics, Aesthetics, Faculty of Dentistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Baciut
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Emergencies, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rares Stiufiuc
- MedFuture - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana E Pavel
- MedFuture - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Chemistry, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Patriciu Achimas-Cadariu
- Department of Surgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Calin Ionescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 5th Surgical Department, Cluj-Napoca Municipal Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vladimir Lazar
- Worldwide Innovative Network for Personalized Cancer Therapy, Villejuif, France
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Technological Center for Emergency Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ioan Notingher
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nicolae Leopold
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- MedFuture - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- MedFuture - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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14
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Kim J, Lee J, Oh JH, Chang HJ, Sohn DK, Kwon O, Shin A, Kim J. Dietary Lutein Plus Zeaxanthin Intake and DICER1 rs3742330 A > G Polymorphism Relative to Colorectal Cancer Risk. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3406. [PMID: 30833603 PMCID: PMC6399314 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether dietary lutein/zeaxanthin intake in colorectal cancer is associated with microRNA processing involved in DICER1 cleavage for messenger RNA translation. We investigated whether dietary lutein/zeaxanthin intake affects colorectal cancer risk in patients with a DICER1 rs3742330 polymorphism. In this hospital-based case-control study, we recruited 923 colorectal cancer patients and 1,846 controls based on eligibility criteria, a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and the DICER1 rs3742330 genotype. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression adjusted for confounders. The highest quartile of lutein/zeaxanthin consumption was inversely associated with a reduced colorectal cancer risk (OR, 95% CI = 0.25, 0.18-0.36). Carrying G allele (AG + GG) showed a significantly reduced colorectal cancer incidence compared with that of AA carriers (OR, 95% CI = 0.71, 0.55-0.91). Those carrying the G allele (AG + GG) along with high lutein/zeaxanthin consumption were markedly associated with a decreased colorectal cancer risk (OR, 95% CI = 0.32, 0.22-0.46, P for interaction = 0.018), particularly for rectal cancer (OR, 95% CI = 0.24, 0.15-0.39, P for interaction = 0.004), compared with that of AA carriers with low lutein/zeaxanthin intakes. In conclusion, colorectal cancer risk was related to an interactive effect between dietary lutein/zeaxanthin intake and the DICER1 rs3742330 polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimi Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jeonghee Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Oh
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chang
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Dae Kyung Sohn
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea.
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15
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The Effect of Lutein on Eye and Extra-Eye Health. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091321. [PMID: 30231532 PMCID: PMC6164534 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lutein is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health. In particular, lutein is known to improve or even prevent age-related macular disease which is the leading cause of blindness and vision impairment. Furthermore, many studies have reported that lutein may also have positive effects in different clinical conditions, thus ameliorating cognitive function, decreasing the risk of cancer, and improving measures of cardiovascular health. At present, the available data have been obtained from both observational studies investigating lutein intake with food, and a few intervention trials assessing the efficacy of lutein supplementation. In general, sustained lutein consumption, either through diet or supplementation, may contribute to reducing the burden of several chronic diseases. However, there are also conflicting data concerning lutein efficacy in inducing favorable effects on human health and there are no univocal data concerning the most appropriate dosage for daily lutein supplementation. Therefore, based on the most recent findings, this review will focus on lutein properties, dietary sources, usual intake, efficacy in human health, and toxicity.
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