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Sukati S, Ho J, Chaiswing L, Sompol P, Pandit H, Wei W, Izumi T, Chen Q, Weiss H, Noel T, Bondada S, Allan Butterfield D, St. Clair DK. Extracellular vesicles released after cranial radiation: An insight into an early mechanism of brain injury. Brain Res 2022; 1782:147840. [PMID: 35183524 PMCID: PMC8918058 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cranial radiation is important for treating both primary brain tumors and brain metastases. A potential delayed side effect of cranial radiation is neurocognitive function decline. Early detection of CNS injury might prevent further neuronal damage. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a potential diagnostic tool because of their unique membranous characteristics and cargos. We investigated whether EVs can be an early indicator of CNS injury by giving C57BJ/6 mice 10 Gy cranial IR. EVs were isolated from sera to quantify: 1) number of EVs using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA); 2) Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocyte marker; and 3) protein-bound 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) adducts, an oxidative damage marker. Brain tissues were prepared for immunohistochemistry staining and protein immunoblotting. The results demonstrate: 1) increased GFAP levels (p < 0.05) in EVs, but not brain tissue, in the IR group; and 2) increased HNE-bound protein adduction levels (p < 0.05). The results support using EVs as an early indicator of cancer therapy-induced neuronal injury.
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Biglin ER, Aitkenhead AH, Price GJ, Chadwick AL, Santina E, Williams KJ, Kirkby KJ. A preclinical radiotherapy dosimetry audit using a realistic 3D printed murine phantom. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6826. [PMID: 35474242 PMCID: PMC9042835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical radiation research lacks standardized dosimetry procedures that provide traceability to a primary standard. Consequently, ensuring accuracy and reproducibility between studies is challenging. Using 3D printed murine phantoms we undertook a dosimetry audit of Xstrahl Small Animal Radiation Research Platforms (SARRPs) installed at 7 UK centres. The geometrically realistic phantom accommodated alanine pellets and Gafchromic EBT3 film for simultaneous measurement of the dose delivered and the dose distribution within a 2D plane, respectively. Two irradiation scenarios were developed: (1) a 10 × 10 mm2 static field targeting the pelvis, and (2) a 5 × 5 mm2 90° arc targeting the brain. For static fields, the absolute difference between the planned dose and alanine measurement across all centres was 4.1 ± 4.3% (mean ± standard deviation), with an overall range of - 2.3 to 10.5%. For arc fields, the difference was - 1.2% ± 6.1%, with a range of - 13.1 to 7.7%. EBT3 dose measurements were greater than alanine by 2.0 ± 2.5% and 3.5 ± 6.0% (mean ± standard deviation) for the static and arc fields, respectively. 2D dose distributions showed discrepancies to the planned dose at the field edges. The audit demonstrates that further work on preclinical radiotherapy quality assurance processes is merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Biglin
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, 3rd floor Proton Beam Therapy Centre, Oak Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.
| | - Adam H Aitkenhead
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, 3rd floor Proton Beam Therapy Centre, Oak Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
- Christie Medical Physics and Engineering, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Gareth J Price
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, 3rd floor Proton Beam Therapy Centre, Oak Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Amy L Chadwick
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, 3rd floor Proton Beam Therapy Centre, Oak Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Elham Santina
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, 3rd floor Proton Beam Therapy Centre, Oak Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Kaye J Williams
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Karen J Kirkby
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, 3rd floor Proton Beam Therapy Centre, Oak Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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