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Cid-Escobar D, Folch A, Ferrer N, Katuva J, Sanchez-Vila X. An assessment tool to improve rural groundwater access: Integrating hydrogeological modelling with socio-technical factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168864. [PMID: 38040365 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable exploitation of groundwater resources for drinking water provision in rural communities in sub-Sahara Africa remains elusive due to the limited knowledge of these hydrogeological systems. This is exacerbated by poor maintenance of existing infrastructure, limited technical capacity, the socio-economic characteristics of the area and poor governance. Assessing the likelihood of a given individual user experiencing water shortage calls for an interdisciplinary approach. After a preliminary multifactorial analysis incorporating a range of variables from technical to societal, it was found that most of the overall risk of water shortage for an individual household could be attributed to three factors; (1) Proximity, specified as the distance to the closest supply well (determined by geographical parameters), (2) Availability of good quality water in the wells (determined by hydrogeological understanding and modelling), and (3) Sustainability (determined by socio-technical and socio-economic parameters). In the latter case, a distinction was made between hardware functionality- the water point's performance considering a sufficient yield and reliability through time- and software functionality, based on a combination of socioeconomic data from surveys and analysed using Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA). All three factors are eventually mapped onto indicators in the range of [0-1] and then represented in a Geographical Information System based on the partition of the entire spatial domain (e.g., counties, villages, and neighbourhoods). The three indicators are then combined in a final index based on the product of the three factors, thus mapping time-dependent overall risk and allowing the assessment of temporal risk-evolution scenarios. The methodology is applied to Kwale County, Kenya, where community handpumps and groundwater points comprise the main water supply system. Apart from mapping the present situation, the methodology is finally used to assess the impact of future climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cid-Escobar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECA), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Associated Unit: Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Spain.
| | - Albert Folch
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECA), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Associated Unit: Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Spain
| | - Nuria Ferrer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECA), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Associated Unit: Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Spain
| | - Jacob Katuva
- School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK; Fundifix Water Services Trust, Kwa Mbithi Kimotho Building, Ngaie-Tseikuru Road Junction, Kyuso Centre, Kitui, Kenya
| | - Xavier Sanchez-Vila
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECA), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Associated Unit: Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Spain
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Using hierarchical unsupervised learning to integrate and reduce multi-level and multi-paraspinal muscle MRI data in relation to low back pain. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2022; 31:2046-2056. [PMID: 35333958 PMCID: PMC9338899 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The paraspinal muscles (PSM) are a key feature potentially related to low back pain (LBP), and their structure and composition can be quantified using MRI. Most commonly, quantifying PSM measures across individual muscles and individual spinal levels renders numerous separate metrics that are analyzed in isolation. However, comprehensive multivariate approaches would be more appropriate for analyzing the PSM within an individual. To establish and test these methods, we hypothesized that multivariate summaries of PSM MRI measures would associate with the presence of LBP symptoms (i.e., pain intensity). METHODS We applied hierarchical multiple factor analysis (hMFA), an unsupervised integrative method, to clinical PSM MRI data from unique cohort datasets including a longitudinal cohort of astronauts with pre- and post-spaceflight data and a cohort of chronic LBP subjects and asymptomatic controls. Three specific use cases were investigated: (1) predicting longitudinal changes in pain using combinations of baseline PSM measures; (2) integrating baseline and post-spaceflight MRI to assess longitudinal change in PSM and how it relates to pain; and (3) integrating PSM quality and adjacent spinal pathology between LBP patients and controls. RESULTS Overall, we found distinct complex relationships with pain intensity between particular muscles and spinal levels. Subjects with high asymmetry between left and right lean muscle composition and differences between spinal segments PSM quality and structure are more likely to increase in pain reported outcome after prolonged time in microgravity. Moreover, changes in PSM quality and structure between pre and post-spaceflight relate to increase in pain after prolonged microgravity. Finally, we show how unsupervised hMFA recapitulates previous research on the association of CEP damage and LBP diagnostic. CONCLUSION Our analysis considers the spine as a multi-segmental unit as opposed to a series of discrete and isolated spine segments. Integrative and multivariate approaches can be used to distill large and complex imaging datasets thereby improving the clinical utility of MRI-based biomarkers, and providing metrics for further analytical goals, including phenotyping.
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Vilor-Tejedor N, Garrido-Martín D, Rodriguez-Fernandez B, Lamballais S, Guigó R, Gispert JD. Multivariate Analysis and Modelling of multiple Brain endOphenotypes: Let's MAMBO! Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5800-5810. [PMID: 34765095 PMCID: PMC8567328 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging genetic studies aim to test how genetic information influences brain structure and function by combining neuroimaging-based brain features and genetic data from the same individual. Most studies focus on individual correlation and association tests between genetic variants and a single measurement of the brain. Despite the great success of univariate approaches, given the capacity of neuroimaging methods to provide a multiplicity of cerebral phenotypes, the development and application of multivariate methods become crucial. In this article, we review novel methods and strategies focused on the analysis of multiple phenotypes and genetic data. We also discuss relevant aspects of multi-trait modelling in the context of neuroimaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vilor-Tejedor
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Garrido-Martín
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sander Lamballais
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roderic Guigó
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain
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Vilor-Tejedor N, Ikram MA, Roshchupkin G, Vinke EJ, Vernooij MW, Adams HHH. Aging-Dependent Genetic Effects Associated to ADHD Predict Longitudinal Changes of Ventricular Volumes in Adulthood. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:574. [PMID: 32714213 PMCID: PMC7344235 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset disorder that can persist into adult life. Most genetic studies have focused on investigating biological mechanisms of ADHD during childhood. However, little is known about whether genetic variants associated with ADHD influence structural brain changes throughout adulthood. METHODS Participant of the study were drawn from a population-based sample of 3,220 healthy individuals drawn from the Rotterdam Study, with at least two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-scans (8,468 scans) obtained every 3-4 years. We investigate associations of genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have previously been identified in genome-wide association studies for ADHD, and trajectories of global and subcortical brain structures in an adult population (aged 50 years and older), acquired through MRI. We also evaluated the existence of age-dependent effects of these genetic variants on trajectories of brain structures. These analyses were reproduced among individuals 70 years of age or older to further explore aging-dependent mechanisms. We additionally tested baseline associations using the first MRI-scan of the 3,220 individuals. RESULTS We observed significant age-dependent effects on the rs212178 in trajectories of ventricular size (lateral ventricles, P= 4E-05; inferior lateral ventricles, P=3.8E-03; third ventricle, P=2.5E-03; fourth ventricle, P=5.5E-03). Specifically, carriers of the G allele, which was reported as protective for ADHD, had a smaller increase of ventricular size compared with homozygotes for the A allele in elder stages. Post hoc analysis on the subset of individuals older than 70 years of age reinforced these results (lateral ventricles, P=7.3E-05). In addition, the rs4916723, and the rs281324 displayed nominal significant age-dependent effects in trajectories of the amygdala volume (P=1.4E-03), and caudate volume (P=1.8E-03), respectively. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study suggesting the involvement of protective genetic variants for ADHD on prevention of brain atrophy during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vilor-Tejedor
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohammad Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gennady Roshchupkin
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth J. Vinke
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Meike W. Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hieab H. H. Adams
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Vilor-Tejedor N, Alemany S, Cáceres A, Bustamante M, Mortamais M, Pujol J, Sunyer J, González JR. Sparse multiple factor analysis to integrate genetic data, neuroimaging features, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder domains. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2018; 27:e1738. [PMID: 30105890 PMCID: PMC6877273 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We proposed the application of a multivariate cross-sectional framework based on a combination of a variable selection method and a multiple factor analysis (MFA) in order to identify complex meaningful biological signals related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and hyperactivity/inattention domains. METHODS The study included 135 children from the general population with genomic and neuroimaging data. ADHD symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire based on ADHD-DSM-IV criteria. In all analyses, the raw sum scores of the hyperactivity and inattention domains and total ADHD were used. The analytical framework comprised two steps. First, zero-inflated negative binomial linear model via penalized maximum likelihood (LASSO-ZINB) was performed. Second, the most predictive features obtained with LASSO-ZINB were used as input for the MFA. RESULTS We observed significant relationships between ADHD symptoms and hyperactivity and inattention domains with white matter, gray matter regions, and cerebellum, as well as with loci within chromosome 1. CONCLUSIONS Multivariate methods can be used to advance the neurobiological characterization of complex diseases, improving the statistical power with respect to univariate methods, allowing the identification of meaningful biological signals in Imaging Genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Vilor-Tejedor
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Alemany
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cáceres
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marion Mortamais
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Pujol
- MRI Research Unit, Hospital del Mar, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM G21, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan R González
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
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Vilor-Tejedor N, Alemany S, Cáceres A, Bustamante M, Pujol J, Sunyer J, González JR. Strategies for integrated analysis in imaging genetics studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 93:57-70. [PMID: 29944960 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Imaging Genetics (IG) integrates neuroimaging and genomic data from the same individual, deepening our knowledge of the biological mechanisms behind neurodevelopmental domains and neurological disorders. Although the literature on IG has exponentially grown over the past years, the majority of studies have mainly analyzed associations between candidate brain regions and individual genetic variants. However, this strategy is not designed to deal with the complexity of neurobiological mechanisms underlying behavioral and neurodevelopmental domains. Moreover, larger sample sizes and increased multidimensionality of this type of data represents a challenge for standardizing modeling procedures in IG research. This review provides a systematic update of the methods and strategies currently used in IG studies, and serves as an analytical framework for researchers working in this field. To complement the functionalities of the Neuroconductor framework, we also describe existing R packages that implement these methodologies. In addition, we present an overview of how these methodological approaches are applied in integrating neuroimaging and genetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Vilor-Tejedor
- Barcelona Research Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Beta Brain Research Center (BBRC) - Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Silvia Alemany
- Barcelona Research Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cáceres
- Barcelona Research Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- Barcelona Research Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Pujol
- MRI Research Unit, Hospital del Mar, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM G21, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Barcelona Research Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan R González
- Barcelona Research Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
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