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Lesot P, Aroulanda C, Berdagué P, Meddour A, Merlet D, Farjon J, Giraud N, Lafon O. Multinuclear NMR in polypeptide liquid crystals: Three fertile decades of methodological developments and analytical challenges. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 116:85-154. [PMID: 32130960 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy of oriented samples makes accessible residual anisotropic intramolecular NMR interactions, such as chemical shift anisotropy (RCSA), dipolar coupling (RDC), and quadrupolar coupling (RQC), while preserving high spectral resolution. In addition, in a chiral aligned environment, enantiomers of chiral molecules or enantiopic elements of prochiral compounds adopt different average orientations on the NMR timescale, and hence produce distinct NMR spectra or signals. NMR spectroscopy in chiral aligned media is a powerful analytical tool, and notably provides unique information on (pro)chirality analysis, natural isotopic fractionation, stereochemistry, as well as molecular conformation and configuration. Significant progress has been made in this area over the three last decades, particularly using polypeptide-based chiral liquid crystals (CLCs) made of organic solutions of helically chiral polymers (as PBLG) in organic solvents. This review presents an overview of NMR in polymeric LCs. In particular, we describe the theoretical tools and the major NMR methods that have been developed and applied to study (pro)chiral molecules dissolved in such oriented solvents. We also discuss the representative applications illustrating the analytical potential of this original NMR tool. This overview article is dedicated to thirty years of original contributions to the development of NMR spectroscopy in polypeptide-based chiral liquid crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lesot
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France.
| | - Christie Aroulanda
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Philippe Berdagué
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Abdelkrim Meddour
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Denis Merlet
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Jonathan Farjon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Nantes, UMR CNRS 6230, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, CEISAM, Equipe EBSI, BP 92208, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Nicolas Giraud
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8601, Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry and Biochemistry, LPTCB, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lafon
- Universite de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR CNRS 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, UCCS, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
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Santos JI, Rivilla I, Cossío FP, Matxain JM, Grzelczak M, Mazinani SKS, Ugalde JM, Mujica V. Chirality-Induced Electron Spin Polarization and Enantiospecific Response in Solid-State Cross-Polarization Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11426-11433. [PMID: 30407788 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
NMR-based techniques are supposed to be incapable of distinguishing pure crystalline chemical enantiomers. However, through systematic studies of cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) NMR in a series of amino acids, we have found a rather unexpected behavior in the intensity pattern of optical isomers in hydrogen/nitrogen nuclear polarization transfer that would allow the use of CP NMR as a nondestructive enantioselective detection technique. In all molecules considered, the d isomer yields higher intensity than the l form, while the chemical shift for all nuclei involved remains unchanged. We attribute this striking result to the onset of electron spin polarization, accompanying bond charge polarization through a chiral center, a secondary mechanism for polarization transfer that is triggered only in the CP experimental setup. Electron spin polarization is due to the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect (CISS), which creates an enantioselective response, analogous to the one involved in molecular recognition and enantiospecific separation with achiral magnetic substrates. This polarization influences the molecular magnetic environment, modifying the longitudinal relaxation time T1 of 1H, and ultimately provoking the observed asymmetry in the enantiomeric response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose I Santos
- SGIker-UPV/EHU , Centro "Joxe Mari Korta" , Tolosa Hiribidea, 72 , E-20018 , Donostia- San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Iván Rivilla
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) , Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 3 , 20018 , Donostia- San Sebastián , Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center , Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 4 , 20018 , Donostia- San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Fernando P Cossío
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) , Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) , Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 3 , 20018 , Donostia- San Sebastián , Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center , Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 4 , 20018 , Donostia- San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Jon M Matxain
- Donostia International Physics Center , Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 4 , 20018 , Donostia- San Sebastián , Spain
- Kimika Fakultatea , Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) Lardizabal Pasealekua 3 , 20018 , Donostia- San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Marek Grzelczak
- Donostia International Physics Center , Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 4 , 20018 , Donostia- San Sebastián , Spain
- Ikerbasque , Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 , Bilbao , Spain
| | - Shobeir K S Mazinani
- School of Molecular Sciences , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Jesus M Ugalde
- Donostia International Physics Center , Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 4 , 20018 , Donostia- San Sebastián , Spain
- Kimika Fakultatea , Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) Lardizabal Pasealekua 3 , 20018 , Donostia- San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School of Molecular Sciences , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
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Quesada-Moreno MM, Virgili A, Monteagudo E, Claramunt RM, Avilés-Moreno JR, López-González JJ, Alkorta I, Elguero J. A vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) methodology for the measurement of enantiomeric excess in chiral compounds in the solid phase and for the complementary use of NMR and VCD techniques in solution: the camphor case. Analyst 2018; 143:1406-1416. [PMID: 29457166 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01855j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, the success of a methodology for the determination of enantiomeric excess (% ee) in chiral solid samples by vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy is reported. We have used camphor to determine the % ee in a blind sample constituted by a mixture of its two enantiomers as a test for the validity of our approach. IR and VCD spectra of different enantiomeric mixtures of R/S-camphor in Nujol mulls were recorded and linear regressions of VCD intensities (ΔAbs.) vs. % ee for selected bands were found. Finally, the VCD intensities of a blind sample were interpolated in these linear regressions, obtaining its % ee with a rms of 2.4. These results in the solid phase were complemented with the determination of % ee in the liquid phase by VCD and NMR techniques, which are proved to be complementary techniques to carry out this kind of analysis. In the same way as in the VCD solid phase, linear regressions of ΔAbs. vs. % ee for selected bands were established, obtaining a rms of 1.1 in the % ee determination of a blind sample. 1H NMR experiments at 600 MHz using the chiral solvating agent, (S,S)-ABTE, allow the determination of the proportions of enantiomers in CD2Cl2 solution with great accuracy. 13C CPMAS NMR spectra prove that this technique cannot be used for conglomerates and/or solid solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mar Quesada-Moreno
- Grupo de Investigación Química Física Teórica y Experimental (FQM-173), Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus de Las Lagunillas, E-23071 Jaén, Spain.
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