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John M, Rüttger F. Multinuclear Residual Quadrupolar Couplings for Structure and Assignment. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400068. [PMID: 38465709 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Most stable isotopes have a nuclear spin >1/2, but the quadrupole interaction poses challenge on their detection by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). On the other hand, the quadrupole interaction is a rich source of structural information that may be exploited for solution NMR in the form of residual quadrupolar couplings (RQCs) of weakly oriented samples. While 2H RQCs are now well established for structure verification and enantiomeric discrimination of organic molecules, we will in this article highlight some recent work on RQCs of other nuclei (especially 7Li and 11B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael John
- Fakultät für Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077, Göttingen
| | - Franziska Rüttger
- Fakultät für Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077, Göttingen
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Gouilleux B, Meddour A, Lesot P. 2 H QUOSY 2D-NMR Experiments in Weakly Aligning Systems: From the Conventional to the Ultrafast Approach. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1548-1563. [PMID: 32633460 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We describe three anisotropic ultrafast (UF) QUadrupolar Ordered SpectroscopY (QUOSY) 2D-NMR experiments (referred to as ADUF 2D NMR spectroscopy) designed for recording the 2 H homonuclear 2D spectra of weakly aligned (deuterated) solutes in sub-second experiment times. These new ADUF 2D experiments derive from the Q-COSY, Q-resolved and Q-DQ 2D pulse sequences (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 5249) and allow the correlation between the two components of each quadrupolar doublet, and then their assignment on the basis of 2 H chemical shifts. The UF 2D pulse sequences are analyzed by using the Cartesian spin-operator formalism for spin I=1 nuclei with a small quadrupolar moment. The optimal experimental/practical conditions as well as the resolution, sensitivity and quantification issues of these ADUF 2D experiments are discussed on comparison to their conventional 2D counterparts and their analytical potentialities. Illustrative ADUF 2D experiments using deuterated achiral/prochiral/chiral solutes in poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate based chiral liquid crystals are presented, as well as the first examples of natural abundance deuterium (ANADUF) 2D spectrum using 14.1 T magnetic field and a basic gradient unit (53 G.cm-1 ) in oriented solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Gouilleux
- Université Paris-Saclay, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15, rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, UFR d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Abdelkrim Meddour
- Université Paris-Saclay, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15, rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, UFR d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Philippe Lesot
- Université Paris-Saclay, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15, rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, UFR d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
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3
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Lesot P, Aroulanda C, Berdagué P, Meddour A, Merlet D, Farjon J, Giraud N, Lafon O. Multinuclear NMR in polypeptide liquid crystals: Three fertile decades of methodological developments and analytical challenges. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 116:85-154. [PMID: 32130960 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy of oriented samples makes accessible residual anisotropic intramolecular NMR interactions, such as chemical shift anisotropy (RCSA), dipolar coupling (RDC), and quadrupolar coupling (RQC), while preserving high spectral resolution. In addition, in a chiral aligned environment, enantiomers of chiral molecules or enantiopic elements of prochiral compounds adopt different average orientations on the NMR timescale, and hence produce distinct NMR spectra or signals. NMR spectroscopy in chiral aligned media is a powerful analytical tool, and notably provides unique information on (pro)chirality analysis, natural isotopic fractionation, stereochemistry, as well as molecular conformation and configuration. Significant progress has been made in this area over the three last decades, particularly using polypeptide-based chiral liquid crystals (CLCs) made of organic solutions of helically chiral polymers (as PBLG) in organic solvents. This review presents an overview of NMR in polymeric LCs. In particular, we describe the theoretical tools and the major NMR methods that have been developed and applied to study (pro)chiral molecules dissolved in such oriented solvents. We also discuss the representative applications illustrating the analytical potential of this original NMR tool. This overview article is dedicated to thirty years of original contributions to the development of NMR spectroscopy in polypeptide-based chiral liquid crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lesot
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France.
| | - Christie Aroulanda
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Philippe Berdagué
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Abdelkrim Meddour
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Denis Merlet
- Université Paris Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, ICMMO, Equipe RMN en Milieu Orienté, Bât. 410, 15 rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Jonathan Farjon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Nantes, UMR CNRS 6230, Chimie et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation, CEISAM, Equipe EBSI, BP 92208, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Nicolas Giraud
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8601, Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry and Biochemistry, LPTCB, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lafon
- Universite de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR CNRS 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, UCCS, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
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Immel S, Köck M, Reggelin M. Configurational analysis by residual dipolar couplings: A critical assessment of diastereomeric differentiabilities. Chirality 2019; 31:384-400. [PMID: 30916829 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two independent statistical models for evaluating the certainties of configurational assignments of compounds based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data are evaluated and compared. Both methods yield weights or probabilities with which two or more structure models (constitutional or configurational isomers or even conformers) could be differentiated based on experimental parameters. Although this paper focusses on the use of residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) for the differentiation of diastereomers, the concept can be expanded to any set of experimental NMR-derived parameters. It is demonstrated that highly reliable configurational assignments crucially must depend on thorough statistical analysis, which is frequently neglected in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Immel
- Clemens Schöpf Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Matthias Köck
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut (AWI), Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Sektion Ökologische Chemie, Bremerhaven, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI), Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Reggelin
- Clemens Schöpf Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Lesot P, Berdagué P, Meddour A, Kreiter A, Noll M, Reggelin M. 2 H and 13 C NMR-Based Enantiodetection Using Polyacetylene versus Polypeptide Aligning Media: Versatile and Complementary Tools for Chemists. Chempluschem 2019; 84:144-153. [PMID: 31950698 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the practical/analytical potential of an L-valine-derived polyacetylene (PLA) lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) is examined to spectrally discriminate enantiomers (racemic mixture) or enantiotopic directions of a large collection (23) of (pro)chiral model compounds (from rigid to flexible and polar to apolar ones), thus covering various important aspects of enantiomorphism. Experimental 2 H-{1 H} (deuterated analytes and at natural abundance level) and 13 C-{1 H} NMR results are discussed in terms of the difference of 2 H-RQCs or 13 C-RCSAs and compared to those obtained in polypeptide-type LLCs (PBLG). The analysis of the NMR results provides an overview of the enantiodifferentiation capabilities of PLA and gives useful/practical hints for the chemist to select the most appropriate chiral oriented system. Astonishing NAD NMR results were obtained in the case of one of the simplest, chiral alkanes, 3-methylhexane. From a theoretical viewpoint, the data collected highlight the key molecular factors involved in orientation/discrimination processes, as a basis for optimizing computational prediction (molecular dynamics simulation), as well as designing novel helically chiral polymers as new enantiodiscriminating aligning media. In addition, a new, robust and efficient protocol to synthesize PLA and its enantiomer (PDA) on a large scale and with small polydispersities is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lesot
- RMN en Milieu Orienté, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris-Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 410, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Philippe Berdagué
- RMN en Milieu Orienté, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris-Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 410, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Abdelkrim Meddour
- RMN en Milieu Orienté, ICMMO, UMR CNRS 8182, Université Paris-Sud/Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 410, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Alexander Kreiter
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Noll
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Reggelin
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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Nath N, Verma A, Baishya B, Khetrapal CL. Real time band selective F 1 -decoupled proton NMR for the demixing of overlay spectra of chiral molecules. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:553-558. [PMID: 27813168 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The small chemical shift dispersion and complex multiplicity pattern in proton NMR limit quantifications, for instance the determination of enantiomeric excess (ee) for an enantiomeric mixture. Herein, we present a simple proton-proton correlation experiment with band selective homonuclear (BASH) decoupling in both F1 and F2 dimensions, for the removal of scalar and residual dipolar couplings to provide collapsed singlet for each chemical site. The method has been demonstrated to separate the severely overlapped spectra of enantiomers using both chiral isotropic and anisotropic phases as well as a small biomolecule, particularly for the diastereotopic protons and also for the determination of ee. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilamoni Nath
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ajay Verma
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, U. P., India
| | - Bikash Baishya
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, U. P., India
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Recent Advances in Multinuclear NMR Spectroscopy for Chiral Recognition of Organic Compounds. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020247. [PMID: 28178223 PMCID: PMC6155827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful tool for the elucidation of chemical structure and chiral recognition. In the last decade, the number of probes, media, and experiments to analyze chiral environments has rapidly increased. The evaluation of chiral molecules and systems has become a routine task in almost all NMR laboratories, allowing for the determination of molecular connectivities and the construction of spatial relationships. Among the features that improve the chiral recognition abilities by NMR is the application of different nuclei. The simplicity of the multinuclear NMR spectra relative to 1H, the minimal influence of the experimental conditions, and the larger shift dispersion make these nuclei especially suitable for NMR analysis. Herein, the recent advances in multinuclear (19F, 31P, 13C, and 77Se) NMR spectroscopy for chiral recognition of organic compounds are presented. The review describes new chiral derivatizing agents and chiral solvating agents used for stereodiscrimination and the assignment of the absolute configuration of small organic compounds.
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Jézéquel T, Joubert V, Giraudeau P, Remaud GS, Akoka S. The new face of isotopic NMR at natural abundance. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:77-90. [PMID: 27921330 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The most widely used method for isotope analysis at natural abundance is isotope ratio monitoring by Mass Spectrometry (irm-MS) which provides bulk isotopic composition in 2 H, 13 C, 15 N, 18 O or 34 S. However, in the 1980s, the direct access to Site-specific Natural Isotope Fractionation by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SNIF-NMRTM ) was immediately recognized as a powerful technique to authenticate the origin of natural or synthetic products. The initial - and still most popular - application consisted in detecting the chaptalization of wines by irm-2 H NMR. The approach has been extended to a wide range of methodologies over the last decade, paving the way to a wide range of applications, not only in the field of authentication but also to study metabolism. In particular, the emerging irm-13 C NMR approach delivers direct access to position-specific 13 C isotope content at natural abundance. After highlighting the application scope of irm-NMR (2 H and 13 C), this article describes the major improvements which made possible to reach the required accuracy of 1‰ (0.1%) in irm-13 C NMR. The last part of the manuscript summarizes the different steps to perform isotope analysis as a function of the sample properties (concentration, peak overlap) and the kind of targeted isotopic information (authentication, affiliation). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangi Jézéquel
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | | | - Patrick Giraudeau
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Serge Akoka
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
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Heist LM, Poon CD, Samulski ET, Photinos DJ, Jokisaari J, Vaara J, Emsley JW, Mamone S, Lelli M. Benzene at 1GHz. Magnetic field-induced fine structure. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2015; 258:17-24. [PMID: 26160011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The deuterium NMR spectrum of benzene-d6 in a high field spectrometer (1GHz protons) exhibits a magnetic field-induced deuterium quadrupolar splitting Δν. The magnitude of Δν observed for the central resonance is smaller than that observed for the (13)C satellite doublets Δν'. This difference, Δ(Δν)=Δν'-Δν, is due to unresolved fine structure contributions to the respective resonances. We determine the origins of and simulate this difference, and report pulse sequences that exploit the connectivity of the peaks in the (13)C and (2)H spectra to determine the relative signs of the indirect coupling, JCD, and Δν. The positive sign found for Δν is consonant with the magnetic field biasing of an isolated benzene molecule-the magnetic energy of the aromatic ring is lowest for configurations where the C6 axis is normal to the field. In the neat liquid the magnitude of Δν is decreased by the pair correlations in this prototypical molecular liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Heist
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
| | - C-D Poon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
| | - E T Samulski
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
| | - D J Photinos
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - J Jokisaari
- NMR Research Group, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - J Vaara
- NMR Research Group, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - J W Emsley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - S Mamone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - M Lelli
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, Institut de Sciences Analytiques (CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCB Lyon 1), Université de Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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Lesot P, Aroulanda C, Zimmermann H, Luz Z. Enantiotopic discrimination in the NMR spectrum of prochiral solutes in chiral liquid crystals. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:2330-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00260a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Theory and applications to stereo- and bio-chemistry of the discrimination of enantiotopic elements observed in the NMR spectra of prochiral solutes dissolved in chiral liquid crystals are comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lesot
- Laboratoire de RMN en Milieu Orienté CNRS UMR 8182
- ICMMO
- 91405 Orsay cedex
- France
| | - Christie Aroulanda
- Laboratoire de RMN en Milieu Orienté CNRS UMR 8182
- ICMMO
- 91405 Orsay cedex
- France
| | - Herbert Zimmermann
- Abteilung Biophysik
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Zeev Luz
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Department of Chemical Physics
- Rehovot 76100
- Israel
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