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Quaratesi I, Micu MC, Rebba E, Carsote C, Proietti N, Di Tullio V, Porcaro R, Badea E. Cleaner Leather Tanning and Post-Tanning Processes Using Oxidized Alginate as Biodegradable Tanning Agent and Nano-Hydroxyapatite as Potential Flame Retardant. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4676. [PMID: 38139929 PMCID: PMC10747597 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, sodium alginate (SA) was oxidized with potassium periodate to produce an alginate-based tanning agent. Using OSA as a biodegradable tanning agent and a nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) low concentration suspension to give flame retardancy to leather, eco-design concepts were applied to establish a chrome-, aldehyde-, and phenol-free tanning process. Micro-DSC, 1H unilateral nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), attenuated total reflection mode Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were used to investigate the complex matrix collagen-OSA-nano-HAp. Micro-differential scanning calorimetry (micro-DSC) was used to assess OSA's ability to interact with collagen and stabilize the collagen-OSA matrix, while 1H unilateral (NMR) was used to investigate the aqueous environment and its limitations around collagen molecules caused by their association with OSA and nano-HAp. Industrial standard tests were used to assess the mechanical properties and fire resistance of the new leather prototype. The findings reported here indicate that both OSA and nano-HAp are suitable alternatives for cleaner tanning technologies and more sustainable leather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Quaratesi
- National Research and Development Institute for Textile and Leather (INCDTP), Research Institute for Leather and Footwear Branch (ICPI), Ion Minulescu Str. 93, 031215 Bucharest, Romania; (I.Q.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Maria Cristina Micu
- National Research and Development Institute for Textile and Leather (INCDTP), Research Institute for Leather and Footwear Branch (ICPI), Ion Minulescu Str. 93, 031215 Bucharest, Romania; (I.Q.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Erica Rebba
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Cristina Carsote
- National Museum of Romanian History, Calea Victoriei Str. 12, 030026 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Noemi Proietti
- Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale (ISPC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, 00015 Monterotondo, RM, Italy; (N.P.); (V.D.T.)
| | - Valeria Di Tullio
- Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale (ISPC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, 00015 Monterotondo, RM, Italy; (N.P.); (V.D.T.)
| | - Rita Porcaro
- KEMIA TAU SRL, Via Torino 56/64, 10040 La Cassa, TO, Italy;
| | - Elena Badea
- National Research and Development Institute for Textile and Leather (INCDTP), Research Institute for Leather and Footwear Branch (ICPI), Ion Minulescu Str. 93, 031215 Bucharest, Romania; (I.Q.); (M.C.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, Calea Bucuresti Str. 107 I, 200512 Craiova, Romania
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