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Chen YJ, Wu KY, Lin SF, Huang SH, Hsu HC, Hsu HM. PIP2 regulating calcium signal modulates actin cytoskeleton-dependent cytoadherence and cytolytic capacity in the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011891. [PMID: 38109416 PMCID: PMC10758264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis is a prevalent causative agent that causes trichomoniasis leading to uropathogenic inflammation in the host. The crucial role of the actin cytoskeleton in T. vaginalis cytoadherence has been established but the associated signaling has not been fully elucidated. The present study revealed that the T. vaginalis second messenger PIP2 is located in the recurrent flagellum of the less adherent isolate and is more abundant around the cell membrane of the adherent isolates. The T. vaginalis phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (TvPI4P5K) with conserved activity phosphorylating PI(4)P to PI(4, 5)P2 was highly expressed in the adherent isolate and partially colocalized with PIP2 on the plasma membrane but with discrete punctate signals in the cytoplasm. Plasma membrane PIP2 degradation by phospholipase C (PLC)-dependent pathway concomitant with increasing intracellular calcium during flagellate-amoeboid morphogenesis. This could be inhibited by Edelfosine or BAPTA simultaneously repressing parasite actin assembly, morphogenesis, and cytoadherence with inhibitory effects similar to the iron-depleted parasite, supporting the significance of PIP2 and iron in T. vaginalis colonization. Intriguingly, iron is required for the optimal expression and cell membrane trafficking of TvPI4P5K for in situ PIP2 production, which was diminished in the iron-depleted parasites. TvPI4P5K-mediated PIP2 signaling may coordinate with iron to modulate T. vaginalis contact-dependent cytolysis to influence host cell viability. These observations provide novel insights into T. vaginalis cytopathogenesis during the host-parasite interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ju Chen
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yi Wu
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fan Lin
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Hsi Huang
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ming Hsu
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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2
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Ma X, Yan X, Ke R, Shan H, Rehman SU, Feng T, Zheng Y, Chuang C, Zhou W, Liu Q, Zheng J. Comparative Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis of Hirudo nipponia in Different Growth Periods. Front Physiol 2022; 13:873831. [PMID: 35812329 PMCID: PMC9259933 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.873831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirudo nipponia is the only blood-sucking leech included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia having distinct features of anticoagulation, exorcizing blood stasis, and promoting menstruation. Despite such significant characteristics, very little is known about its molecular genetics and related physiological mechanisms. In this study, the transcriptomes of H. nipponia at three developmental stages (larvae, young, and adults), revealed a total of 1,348 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 223 differentially expressed lncRNAs, and 88 novel mRNAs. A significant diverse gene expression patterns were observed at different developmental stages which were analyzed by differential gene expression trends, and the overall gene expression trends consist of three overall down-regulated trends, and two overall up-regulated trends. Furthermore, the GO and KEGG enrichment functional annotation analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly associated with protein hydrolysis, signal transduction, energy metabolism, and lipid metabolism while growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction-related DEGs were also found. Additionally, real-time quantitative PCR results confirmed deep sequencing results based on the relative expression levels of nine randomly selected genes. This is the first transcriptome-based comprehensive study of H. irudo nipponia at different developmental stages which provided considerable deep understanding related to gene expression patterns and their relevant developmental pathways, neurodevelopmental and reproductive characteristics of the leech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiuying Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ren Ke
- Department of Cardiology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Huiquan Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Saif ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Tong Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yalin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Chen Chuang
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Weiguan Zhou
- Thai Natural Hirudin Co, Ltd., Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Qingyou Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Qingyou Liu, ; Jinghui Zheng,
| | - Jinghui Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Qingyou Liu, ; Jinghui Zheng,
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3
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Unnikrishnan V, Kastelic JP, Thundathil JC. Ouabain-induced activation of phospholipase C zeta and its contributions to bovine sperm capacitation. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:785-801. [PMID: 33885964 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The sperm-derived oocyte activating factor, phospholipase C zeta (PLC ζ), is the only PLC isoform reported in cattle. The objectives were to (1) localize PLC ζ in fresh and capacitated bovine sperm and (2) investigate the activation of PLC ζ during bull sperm capacitation and contributions of PLC activity to this process. We confirmed interaction of testis-specific isoform of Na/K-ATPase (ATP1A4) with PLC ζ (immunolocalization and immunoprecipitation) and tyrosine phosphorylation (immunoprecipitation) of PLC ζ (a post-translational protein modification commonly involved in activation of PLC in somatic cells) during capacitation. Furthermore, incubation of sperm under capacitating conditions upregulated PLC-mediated hyperactivated motility, tyrosine phosphoprotein content, acrosome reaction, and F-actin formation (flow cytometry), implying that PLC activity is enhanced during capacitation and contributing to these capacitation processes. In conclusion, we inferred that PLC ζ is activated during capacitation by tyrosine phosphorylation through a mechanism involving ATP1A4, contributing to capacitation-associated biochemical events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Unnikrishnan
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, CAL, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - John P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, CAL, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jacob C Thundathil
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, CAL, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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4
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RAC1 controls progressive movement and competitiveness of mammalian spermatozoa. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009308. [PMID: 33539343 PMCID: PMC7861394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian spermatozoa employ calcium (Ca2+) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling in generating flagellar beat. However, how sperm direct their movement towards the egg cells has remained elusive. Here we show that the Rho small G protein RAC1 plays an important role in controlling progressive motility, in particular average path velocity and linearity. Upon RAC1 inhibition of wild type sperm with the drug NSC23766, progressive movement is impaired. Moreover, sperm from mice homozygous for the genetically variant t-haplotype region (tw5/tw32), which are sterile, show strongly enhanced RAC1 activity in comparison to wild type (+/+) controls, and quickly become immotile in vitro. Sperm from heterozygous (t/+) males, on the other hand, display intermediate RAC1 activity, impaired progressive motility and transmission ratio distortion (TRD) in favor of t-sperm. We show that t/+-derived sperm consist of two subpopulations, highly progressive and less progressive. The majority of highly progressive sperm carry the t-haplotype, while most less progressive sperm contain the wild type (+) chromosome. Dosage-controlled RAC1 inhibition in t/+ sperm by NSC23766 rescues progressive movement of (+)-sperm in vitro, directly demonstrating that impairment of progressive motility in the latter is caused by enhanced RAC1 activity. The combined data show that RAC1 plays a pivotal role in controlling progressive motility in sperm, and that inappropriate, enhanced or reduced RAC1 activity interferes with sperm progressive movement. Differential RAC1 activity within a sperm population impairs the competitiveness of sperm cells expressing suboptimal RAC1 activity and thus their fertilization success, as demonstrated by t/+-derived sperm. In conjunction with t-haplotype triggered TRD, we propose that Rho GTPase signaling is essential for directing sperm towards the egg cells.
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5
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Salgado-Lucio ML, Ramírez-Ramírez D, Jorge-Cruz CY, Roa-Espitia AL, Hernández-González EO. FAK regulates actin polymerization during sperm capacitation via the ERK2/GEF-H1/RhoA signaling pathway. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs239186. [PMID: 32107290 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin polymerization is a crucial process during sperm capacitation. We have recently described the participation of FAK during actin polymerization in guinea pig spermatozoa. However, the mechanism by which FAK mediates these processes is unknown. Our previous data have shown that MAPK1 (hereafter referred to as ERK2) is activated during the first minutes of capacitation, and inhibition of ERK2 blocked actin polymerization and the acrosome reaction. In this current study, we found that FAK is involved in ERK2 activation - as FAK was phosphorylated at tyrosine residue 925 and bound to Grb2 - and that inhibition of FAK results in a significant decrease of ERK2 activation. We also confirmed the presence of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 (ARHGEF2, hereafter referred to as GEF-H1), which is able to associate with RhoA during capacitation. RhoA activation and its participation in actin polymerization were also analyzed. Inhibition of FAK or ERK1/2 impeded GEF-H1 phosphorylation, RhoA activation, and the association between GEF-H1 and RhoA. Finally, we observed the presence of fibronectin on the sperm surface, its role in sperm-sperm interaction as well as participation of β-integrin in the activation of ERK2. Our results show that the signaling pathway downstream of fibronectin, via integrin, FAK, Grb2, MEK1/2, ERK2, GEF-H1 and RhoA regulates the actin polymerization associated with spermatozoa capacitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Salgado-Lucio
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, CDMX 07360, México
| | - Danelia Ramírez-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, CDMX 07360, México
| | - Coral Y Jorge-Cruz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, CDMX 07360, México
| | - Ana L Roa-Espitia
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, CDMX 07360, México
| | - Enrique O Hernández-González
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, CDMX 07360, México
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6
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Huta Y, Nitzan Y, Breitbart H. Ezrin protects bovine spermatozoa from spontaneous acrosome reaction. Theriogenology 2020; 151:119-127. [PMID: 32334120 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To interact and penetrate the egg, the spermatozoon must undergo a maturation step called the acrosome reaction (AR) in close proximity to the egg. This process can take place only after a series of biochemical changes to the sperm occur in the female reproductive tract, collectively called capacitation. Spermatozoa can undergo spontaneous-acrosome reaction (sAR) before reaching the vicinity of the egg, preventing successful fertilization. Several mechanisms were shown to protect spermatozoa from undergoing sAR. Here we describe the involvement of the actin cross-linker, Ezrin in the mechanism that protects spermatozoa from sAR. Inhibition of Ezrin stimulates sAR and inhibits actin polymerization. Ezrin is highly phosphorylated/activated during the first hour of the capacitation process, and its phosphorylation rate is subsequently decreased. Ezrin phosphorylation depends on protein kinase A (PKA) and calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) activities, and to some extent on phosphatidyl-inositol-4-kinase (PI4K) activity. Inhibition of these three kinases stimulates sAR, in which the effect of PI4K inhibition, but not PKA or CaMKII inhibition, can be reversed by increasing p-Ezrin using a phosphatase inhibitor. All together, we showed that three kinases mediate Ezrin activation during spermatozoa capacitation, leading to actin polymerization in a mechanism that prevents sAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Huta
- The Mina &Everard Faculty of Life Sciences,Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Y Nitzan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Zefat Academic College, Zefat, 1320611, Israel
| | - H Breitbart
- The Mina &Everard Faculty of Life Sciences,Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
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7
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Boe-Hansen GB, Rêgo JPA, Satake N, Venus B, Sadowski P, Nouwens A, Li Y, McGowan M. Effects of increased scrotal temperature on semen quality and seminal plasma proteins in Brahman bulls. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:574-597. [PMID: 32083367 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Environmental temperature has effects on sperm quality with differences in susceptibility between cattle subspecies and breeds, but very little is known about the seminal plasma protein (SPP) changes resulting from testicular heat stress. Scrotal insulation (SI) for 48 hr was applied to Brahman (Bos indicus) bulls. Semen was collected at 3-day intervals from before, until 74 days post-SI. The changes in sperm morphology and motility following SI were comparable to previously reported and differences were detected in measures of sperm chromatin conformation as early as 8 days post-SI. New proteins spots, in the SPP two-dimensional (2-D) gels, were apparent when comparing pre-SI with 74 days post-SI, and SPP identified as associated with mechanisms of cellular repair and protection. Similar trends between 2-D gel and Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Mass Spectra (SWATH-MS) data was observed, with SWATH-MS able to quantify individual SPP that otherwise were not resolved on 2-D gel. The SPP assessment at peak sperm damage (21-24 days) showed a significant difference in 29 SPP (adjusted p < .05), and identified six proteins with change in abundance in the SI group. In conclusion both spermatozoa and SPP composition of bulls are susceptible to temperature change incurred by SI, and SPP markers for testicular heat insults may be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gry Brandt Boe-Hansen
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - João Paulo A Rêgo
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Boa Viagem Campus, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Nana Satake
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Venus
- Agri-Science Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pawel Sadowski
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amanda Nouwens
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Yutao Li
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael McGowan
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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8
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Tharasanit T, Tiptanavattana N, Oravetdilok K, Tuangsintanakul T, Sirithanyakul P, Tanvetthayanont P. Optimal concentration of Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) inhibitor improved sperm membrane functionality and fertilizing ability of cryopreserved-thawed feline sperm. Theriogenology 2019; 144:27-32. [PMID: 31887653 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation induces irreversible loss of viability and fertilizing ability. This study aimed at examining the effects of Rho-associated, coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) inhibitor on quality of frozen-thawed feline sperm. Ejaculated semen from individual cats (n = 6) was examined for the expression of LIMK1 and LIMK2 mediated ROCK cascade. The effects of ROCK inhibitor during cooling and cryopreservation on sperm quality and fertilizing ability were also examined. Feline sperm were treated with different concentrations of ROCK inhibitor (10, 20 and 40 μM) during cooling at 4 °C and cryopreservation. Sperm cooled and conventionally cryopreserved without ROCK inhibitor (0 μM) served as a control group. The ROCK cascade was confirmed in feline sperm as they expressed mRNA of LIMK1 and LIMK2 genes. Cryopreservation significantly reduced sperm quality in terms of viability (91.63 ± 3.96 vs. 60.11 ± 8.93), progressive motility (91.67 ± 3.54 vs. 46.67 ± 8.66) and acrosome integrity (93.49 ± 3.64 vs. 63.81 ± 5.31) for fresh and frozen-thawed sperm, respectively (p < 0.05). The positive effects of ROCK inhibitor on sperm quality were pronounced at 1 and 3 h post-thaw. ROCK inhibitor at 10 μM significantly improved sperm motility and membrane functionality compared to those observed in a control group (0 μM) (p < 0.05). In vitro fertilization revealed that supplement ROCK inhibitor at 10 μM during cryopreservation significantly improved in vitro fertilizing ability of the frozen-thawed sperm (p < 0.05). However, it did not subsequently increase morula and blastocyst rates (p > 0.05). Increased concentrations of ROCK inhibitor to 20 and 40 μM did not further improve the quality of frozen-thawed sperm. In conclusion, an optimal concentration (10 μM) of the ROCK inhibitor added into cooling medium could improve post-thaw sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theerawat Tharasanit
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; The Research and Development Center for Livestock Production Technology, The Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Narong Tiptanavattana
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Krittin Oravetdilok
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Tiraporn Tuangsintanakul
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pisit Sirithanyakul
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Potsawat Tanvetthayanont
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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9
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Hsiao CH, Ji ATQ, Chang CC, Chien MH, Lee LM, Ho JHC. Mesenchymal stem cells restore the sperm motility from testicular torsion-detorsion injury by regulation of glucose metabolism in sperm. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:270. [PMID: 31445515 PMCID: PMC6708217 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Testicular torsion is an urological emergency that may lead to infertility due to ischemic injury. Promptly surgical correction by orchiopexy is the only way to avoid infertility and no effective treatment for restoration of spermatogenesis. We previously reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), through local injection upon testicular torsion-detorsion, restored the spermatogenesis without differentiation into sperm. In this study, molecular mechanisms of MSCs in regulating germ cell activity induced by testicular torsion-detorsion were investigated. Methods Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats 6–8 weeks old received left testis 720° torsion for 3 h followed by detorsion with or without MSCs. Right inguinal skin incision without testicular torsion served as control. MSCs with 3 × 104 cells were locally injected into left testis 30 min before detorsion. Three days after the surgery, orchiectomy was executed and the testis, epididymis, and sperm were separated to each other. Functional assessments on sperm included counting sperm amount and sperm motility, staining F-actin, and quantifying adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. The hallmarks of glycogenesis and glycolysis in each tissue segment were measured by Western blot. Results Testicular torsion-detorsion significantly decreased the amount of sperm, inhibited the motility, declined the F-actin expression, and reduced the content of ATP in sperm. Local injection of MSCs improved sperm function, particularly in sperm motility. With MSCs, ATP content and F-actin were preserved after testicular torsion-detorsion. MSCs significantly reversed the imbalance of glycolysis in sperm and testis induced by testicular torsion-detorsion, as evidenced by increasing the expression of phosphoglycerate kinase 2 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-spermatogenic, activating Akt, and increasing glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), which led to the increase in glycolysis cascades and ATP production. Human stem cell factor contributed the activation of Akt/GSK3 axis when sperm suffered from testicular torsion-detorsion-induced germ cell injury. Conclusions Local injection of MSCs into a testis damaged by testicular torsion-detorsion restores sperm function mainly through the improvement of sperm motility and energy. MSCs reversed the imbalance of glycogenesis and glycolysis in sperm by regulating Akt/GSK3 axis. Thus, MSCs may potentially rescue torsion-detorsion-induced infertility via local injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hao Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, #250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, #111, Section 3, Hsing-Long Road, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
| | - Andrea Tung-Qian Ji
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, #111, Section 3, Hsing-Long Road, Taipei, 116, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No.201, Sec.2, Shih-Pai Rd. Peitou, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, #291, Zhongzheng Road, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, #250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ming Lee
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, #111, Section 3, Hsing-Long Road, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
| | - Jennifer Hui-Chun Ho
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, #250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan. .,Center for Stem Cell Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, #111, Section 3, Hsing-Long Road, Taipei, 116, Taiwan. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No.201, Sec.2, Shih-Pai Rd. Peitou, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
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10
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Lobo V, Parte P. Membrane-bound Glucose regulated protein 78 interacts with alpha-2-macroglobulin to promote actin reorganization in sperm during epididymal maturation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:137-155. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Lobo
- Department of Gamete Immunobiology, ICMR—National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Priyanka Parte
- Department of Gamete Immunobiology, ICMR—National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
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11
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Wojtusik J, Wang Y, Pukazhenthi BS. Pretreatment with cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins prevents loss of motility associated proteins during cryopreservation of addra gazelle (Nanger dama ruficollis) spermatozoa. Cryobiology 2018; 81:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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12
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Abstract
The migration pattern of sperm-specific phospholipase C-ζ (PLC-ζ) was followed and the role of this migration in actin cytoskeleton dynamics was determined. We investigated whether PLC-ζ exits sperm, opening the possibility that PLC-ζ is the 'spermatozoidal activator factor' (SOAF). As capacitation progresses, the highly dynamic actin cytoskeleton bound different proteins to regulate their location and activity. PLC-ζ participation at the start of fertilization was established. In non-capacitated spermatozoa, PLC-ζ is in the perinuclear theca (PT) and in the flagellum, therefore it was decided to determine whether bovine sperm actin interacts with PLC-ζ to direct its relocation as it progresses from non-capacitated (NC) to capacitated (C) and to acrosome-reacted (AR) spermatozoa. PLC-ζ interacted with actin in NC spermatozoa (100%), PLC-ζ levels decreased in C spermatozoa to 32% and in AR spermatozoa to 57% (P < 0.001). The level of actin/PLC-ζ interaction was twice as high in G-actin (P < 0.001) that reflected an increase in affinity. Upon reaching the AR spermatozoa, PLC-ζ was partially released from the cell. It was concluded that actin cytoskeleton dynamics control the migration of PLC-ζ during capacitation and leads to its partial release at AR spermatozoa. It is suggested that liberated PLC-ζ could reach the egg and favour fertilization.
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13
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Calpain inhibition prevents flotillin re-ordering and Src family activation during capacitation. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:395-412. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2591-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Angeles-Floriano T, Roa-Espitia AL, Baltiérrez-Hoyos R, Cordero-Martínez J, Elizondo G, Hernández-González EO. Absence of aryl hydrocarbon receptor alters CDC42 expression and prevents actin polymerization during capacitation. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:1015-1026. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Angeles-Floriano
- Departamento de Biología Celular; CINVESTAV-IPN; Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508; CP 07360; México DF México
| | - Ana L. Roa-Espitia
- Departamento de Biología Celular; CINVESTAV-IPN; Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508; CP 07360; México DF México
| | - Rafael Baltiérrez-Hoyos
- Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía; Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca; Oaxaca; Cátedras CONACYT
| | - Joaquin Cordero-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Celular; CINVESTAV-IPN; Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508; CP 07360; México DF México
| | - Guillermo Elizondo
- Departamento de Biología Celular; CINVESTAV-IPN; Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508; CP 07360; México DF México
| | - Enrique O. Hernández-González
- Departamento de Biología Celular; CINVESTAV-IPN; Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508; CP 07360; México DF México
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15
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Roa-Espitia AL, Hernández-Rendón ER, Baltiérrez-Hoyos R, Muñoz-Gotera RJ, Cote-Vélez A, Jiménez I, González-Márquez H, Hernández-González EO. Focal adhesion kinase is required for actin polymerization and remodeling of the cytoskeleton during sperm capacitation. Biol Open 2016; 5:1189-99. [PMID: 27402964 PMCID: PMC5051654 DOI: 10.1242/bio.017558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Several focal adhesion proteins are known to cooperate with integrins to link the extracellular matrix to the actin cytoskeleton; as a result, many intracellular signaling pathways are activated and several focal adhesion complexes are formed. However, how these proteins function in mammalian spermatozoa remains unknown. We confirm the presence of focal adhesion proteins in guinea pig spermatozoa, and we explore their role during capacitation and the acrosome reaction, and their relationship with the actin cytoskeleton. Our results suggest the presence of a focal adhesion complex formed by β1-integrin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), paxillin, vinculin, talin, and α-actinin in the acrosomal region. Inhibition of FAK during capacitation affected the protein tyrosine phosphorylation associated with capacitation that occurs within the first few minutes of capacitation, which caused the acrosome reaction to become increasingly Ca2+ dependent and inhibited the polymerization of actin. The integration of vinculin and talin into the complex, and the activation of FAK and paxillin during capacitation, suggests that the complex assembles at this time. We identify that vinculin and α-actinin increase their interaction with F-actin while it remodels during capacitation, and that during capacitation focal adhesion complexes are structured. FAK contributes to acrosome integrity, likely by regulating the polymerization and the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Summary: We describe the role of FAK and focal adhesion proteins in capacitation, acrosome reaction, polymerization and remodeling of actin cytoskeleton, and how inhibition of FAK affects sperm physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Roa-Espitia
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F. 07360, México Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México D.F. 09349, México
| | - Eva R Hernández-Rendón
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F. 07360, México
| | - Rafael Baltiérrez-Hoyos
- Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68120, México
| | | | - Antonieta Cote-Vélez
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 62210, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Irma Jiménez
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México D.F. 09349, México
| | - Humberto González-Márquez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México D.F. 09349, México
| | - Enrique O Hernández-González
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F. 07360, México
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16
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Naresh S, Atreja SK. Actin Polymerization: An Event Regulated by Tyrosine Phosphorylation During Buffalo Sperm Capacitation. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:1047-53. [PMID: 26514336 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the female reproductive tract, the spermatozoa undergo a series of physiological and biochemical changes, prior to gaining the ability to fertilize, that result to capacitation. However, the actin polymerization and protein tyrosine phosphorylation are the two necessary steps for capacitation. In this study, we have demonstrated the actin polymerization and established the correlation between protein tyrosine phosphorylation and actin reorganization during in vitro capacitation in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa. Indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot techniques were used to detect actin polymerization and tyrosine phosphorylation. The time-dependent fluorimetric studies revealed that the actin polymerization starts from the tail region and progressed towards the head region of spermatozoa during capacitation. The lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC)-induced acrosome reaction (AR) stimulated quick actin depolymerization. The inhibitor cytochalasin D (CD) blocked the in vitro capacitation by inhibiting the actin polymerization. In addition, we also performed different inhibitor (Genistein, H-89, PD9809 and GF-109) and enhancer (dbcAMP, H(2)O(2) and vanadate) studies on actin tyrosine phosphorylation and actin polymerization. The inhibitors of tyrosine phosphorylation inhibit actin tyrosine phosphorylation and polymerization, whereas enhancers of tyrosine phosphorylation stimulate F-actin formation and tyrosine phosphorylation. These observations suggest that the tyrosine phosphorylation regulates the actin polymerization, and both are coupled processes during capacitation of buffalo spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Naresh
- Reproductive Biochemistry Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - S K Atreja
- Reproductive Biochemistry Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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17
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Lee JS, Kwon WS, Rahman MS, Yoon SJ, Park YJ, Pang MG. Actin-related protein 2/3 complex-based actin polymerization is critical for male fertility. Andrology 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J.-S. Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology; Chung-Ang University; Anseong Korea
| | - W.-S. Kwon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology; Chung-Ang University; Anseong Korea
| | - M. S. Rahman
- Department of Animal Science and Technology; Chung-Ang University; Anseong Korea
| | - S.-J. Yoon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology; Chung-Ang University; Anseong Korea
| | - Y.-J. Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology; Chung-Ang University; Anseong Korea
| | - M.-G. Pang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology; Chung-Ang University; Anseong Korea
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18
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Hook J, Lemckert F, Schevzov G, Fath T, Gunning P. Functional identity of the gamma tropomyosin gene: Implications for embryonic development, reproduction and cell viability. BIOARCHITECTURE 2014; 1:49-59. [PMID: 21866263 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.1.1.15172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The actin filament system is fundamental to cellular functions including regulation of shape, motility, cytokinesis, intracellular trafficking and tissue organization. Tropomyosins (Tm) are highly conserved components of actin filaments which differentially regulate filament stability and function. The mammalian Tm family consists of four genes; αTm, βTm, γTm and δTm. Multiple Tm isoforms (>40) are generated by alternative splicing and expression of these isoforms is highly regulated during development. In order to further identify the role of Tm isoforms during development, we tested the specificity of function of products from the γTm gene family in mice using a series of gene knockouts. Ablation of all γTm gene cytoskeletal products results in embryonic lethality. Elimination of just two cytoskeletal products from the γTm gene (NM1,2) resulted in a 50% reduction in embryo viability. It was also not possible to generate homozygous knockout ES cells for the targets which eliminated or reduced embryo viability in mice. In contrast, homozygous knockout ES cells were generated for a different set of isoforms (NM3,5,6,8,9,11) which were not required for embryogenesis. We also observed that males hemizygous for the knockout of all cytoskeletal products from the γTm gene preferentially transmitted the minus allele with 80-100% transmission. Since all four Tm genes are expressed in early embryos, ES cells and sperm, we conclude that isoforms of the γTm gene are functionally unique in their role in embryogenesis, ES cell viability and sperm function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Hook
- Department of Pharmacology The School of Medical Sciences; The University of New South Wales; Sydney, Australia
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19
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Finkelstein M, Megnagi B, Ickowicz D, Breitbart H. Regulation of sperm motility by PIP2(4,5) and actin polymerization. Dev Biol 2013; 381:62-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Salvolini E, Buldreghini E, Lucarini G, Vignini A, Lenzi A, Di Primio R, Balercia G. Involvement of sperm plasma membrane and cytoskeletal proteins in human male infertility. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:697-704. [PMID: 23174138 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the physicochemical characteristics of sperm plasma membrane and to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of transmembrane and cytoskeletal proteins in spermatozoa isolated from normospermic fertile donors and asthenozoospermic infertile patients. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Academic male infertility center. PATIENT(S) Twenty-five infertile patients affected by idiopathic asthenozoospermia and 21 age-matched normospermic fertile donors. INTERVENTION(S) Sperm parameters were evaluated; membrane fluidity and hydration studies, and immunohistochemical analysis were performed in isolated spermatozoa. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Semen analyses to ascertain volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology; then membrane fluidity and hydration studies and immunohistochemical analysis were performed on isolated spermatozoa. RESULT(S) Spermatozoa from the asthenozoospermic group exhibited a reduced fluidity at the lipid-water interface level, an increased fluidity of the deeper portion of the bilayer, and a lower plasma membrane hydration than normospermic cells. Moreover, the immunohistochemical expression of ezrin, Cdc42, CD9, F-actin, and β-tubulin was higher in normospermic samples. CONCLUSION(S) Our results together assume that a cytoskeletal reorganization induced by a disturbance in the physicochemical features of sperm plasma membrane, and potentially mediated by ezrin, Cdc42, and tetraspanin CD9, could have a role in idiopathic asthenozoospermia.
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21
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Liu Y, Chen G, Lu L, Sun H, Guo Q, Xue K, Fan Y, Ding Z. RNASET2 in human spermatozoa and seminal plasma: a novel relevant indicator for asthenozoospermia. Andrology 2012; 1:75-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2012.00022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology; School of Medicine; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai; China
| | - G. Chen
- Shanghai Jiai Genetics and IVF Institute-China USA Center; Shanghai; China
| | - L. Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology; Shanghai; China
| | - H. Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai; China
| | - Q. Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology; School of Medicine; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai; China
| | - K. Xue
- Department of Histology and Embryology; School of Medicine; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai; China
| | - Y. Fan
- Department of Histology and Embryology; School of Medicine; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai; China
| | - Z. Ding
- Department of Histology and Embryology; School of Medicine; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai; China
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22
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Felipe-Pérez YE, Valencia J, Juárez-Mosqueda MDL, Pescador N, Roa-Espitia AL, Hernández-González EO. Cytoskeletal proteins F-actin and β-dystrobrevin are altered by the cryopreservation process in bull sperm. Cryobiology 2011; 64:103-9. [PMID: 22209823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The cryopreservation process has an important impact on sperm structure and physiology. The negative effects have been mainly observed on the plasma membrane, which is directly stabilized by the cytoskeleton. Since cytoskeleton proteins are osmosensitive and thermosensitive, the aim of this study was to evaluate the damage caused to the bull sperm cytoskeleton by cryopreservation (freezing-thawing). Fresh and frozen-thawed bull semen samples were exposed to a treatment with the neutral detergent Brij 36-T. Electron microscopy evidenced important damages at the sperm perinuclear theca after the protein extraction protocol; the perinuclear theca was partially solubilized, the perinuclear theca substructure disappeared in the cryopreserved samples. Furthermore, the sperm head's shape was significantly altered on the cryopreserved samples. Fluorescence analysis showed a decrease of the intensity of actin and dystrobrevin on the frozen-thawed samples. Western blot assays revealed a stronger signal for actin and β-dystrobrevin in the frozen-thawed sperm samples than in the fresh ones. Our results suggest that the cryopreservation process highly alters the sperm cytoskeleton stability, causing its proteins to become more fragile and therefore more susceptible to be extracted.
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23
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Itach SBS, Finklestein M, Etkovitz N, Breitbart H. Hyper-activated motility in sperm capacitation is mediated by phospholipase D-dependent actin polymerization. Dev Biol 2011; 362:154-61. [PMID: 22178154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In order to fertilize the oocyte, sperm must undergo a series of biochemical changes in the female reproductive tract, known as capacitation. Once capacitated, spermatozoon can bind to the zona pellucida of the egg and undergo the acrosome reaction (AR), a process that enables its penetration and fertilization of the oocyte. Important processes that characterize sperm capacitation are actin polymerization and the development of hyper-activated motility (HAM). Previously, we showed that Phospholipase D (PLD)-dependent actin polymerization occurs during sperm capacitation, however the role of this process in sperm capacitation is not yet known. In the present study, we showed for the first time the involvement of PLD-dependent actin polymerization in sperm motility during mouse and human capacitation. Sperm incubated under capacitation conditions revealed a time dependent increase in actin polymerization and HAM. Inhibition of Phosphatidic Acid (PA) formation by PLD using butan-1-ol, inhibited actin polymerization and motility, as well as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and the ability of the sperm to undergo the AR. The inhibition of sperm HAM by low concentration of butan-1-ol is completely restored by adding PA, further indicating the involvement of PLD in these processes. Furthermore, exogenous PA enhanced rapid actin polymerization that was followed by a rise in the HAM, as well as an increased in IVF rate. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that PLD-dependent actin polymerization is a critical step needed for the development of HAM during mouse and human sperm capacitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Bar-Sheshet Itach
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
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24
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Belleannée C, Labas V, Teixeira-Gomes AP, Gatti JL, Dacheux JL, Dacheux F. Identification of luminal and secreted proteins in bull epididymis. J Proteomics 2011; 74:59-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Wang H, Chen XX, Wang LR, Mao YD, Zhou ZM, Sha JH. AF-2364 is a prospective spermicide candidate. Asian J Androl 2010; 12:322-35. [PMID: 20418891 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2010.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractInhibition of sperm motility has recently become a promising target for male contraceptive development. AF-2364, an analogue of Lonidamine (LND), had a contraceptive effect when orally administered to adult Sprague-Dawley rats. LND can also target mitochondria to inhibit oxygen consumption and block energy metabolism in tumour cells. However, there are no reports of the effects of AF-2364 on human sperm function. Herein we describe the action of AF-2364 on human sperm in vitro, as well as the mechanisms involved. AF-2364 specifically blocked human sperm motility in vitro. Further experiments revealed that AF-2364 can target sperm mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pores to induce the loss of sperm mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim) and decrease ATP generation; however, no significant changes in the cytoskeletal network or the human sperm proteome were detected after exposure to AF-2364. Incubation of AF-2364 with other human or mouse cell lines indicated that the spermicidal effect at the lower concentration was specific. In summary, the spermicidal effect of AF-2364 involves direct action on sperm MPT pores, and this compound should be further investigated as a new spermicide candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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26
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Flores E, Fernández-Novell JM, Peña A, Rigau T, Rodríguez-Gil JE. Cryopreservation-induced alterations in boar spermatozoa mitochondrial function are related to changes in the expression and location of midpiece mitofusin-2 and actin network. Theriogenology 2010; 74:354-63. [PMID: 20416937 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The authors analyzed changes in mitochondrial activity of boar semen during a standard cryopreservation protocol. For this purpose, mitochondrial activity was evaluated simultaneously with the rhythm of mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species (mROS) through a double MitoTracker Red/proxylfluorescamine stain. Moreover, we analyzed changes in the expression and location of two key regulatory elements of mitochondrial function, namely mitofusin-2 (Mfn2) and actin, during the freezing-thawing protocol. Our results indicate that mitochondrial activity and mROS formation decreased during cyropreservation, with an initial decrease during the cooling phase of the protocol. This decrease was accompanied by an increase in the amount of solubilized Mfn2, which was concomitant with a progressive extension of Mfn2 location from the apical zone of the midpiece to the whole midpiece. Simultaneously, cryopreservation induced a decrease in solubilized actin, which was concurrent with significant changes in the midpiece actin location. The observed changes in the expression and location of both Mfn2 and actin were already present after the cooling phase of the cryopreservation protocol. Our results suggest that freezing-thawing impaired mitochondrial function. This impairment was concomitant with a decrease in the mitochondrial capacity to synthesize mROS. This impairment is attributed to changes in mitochondrial volume as a result of alterations in the expression and location of both Mfn-2 and the actin network. Finally, the alterations of mitochondrial function induced by the cryopreservation protocol were already apparent at the cooling phase. This observation indicates that the cooling phase is a crucial stage in which mitochondrial alterations occur during cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Flores
- Dept. Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona; E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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27
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Glucose-regulated protein precursor (GRP78) and tumor rejection antigen (GP96) are unique to hamster caput epididymal spermatozoa. Asian J Androl 2010; 12:344-55. [PMID: 20400973 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2010.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immotile testicular mammalian spermatozoon gets transformed into a motile spermatozoon during 'epididymal maturation'. During this process, the spermatozoa transit from the caput to the cauda epididymis and undergo a number of distinct morphological, biophysical and biochemical changes, including changes in protein composition and protein modifications, which may be relevant to the acquisition of motility potential. The present proteome-based study of the hamster epididymal spermatozoa of caput and cauda led to the identification of 113 proteins spots using Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS/MS) analysis. Comparison of these 113 protein spots indicated that 30 protein spots (corresponding to 20 proteins) were significantly changed in intensity. Five proteins were increased and eleven were decreased in intensity in the cauda epididymal spermatozoa. In addition, two proteins, glucose-regulated protein precursor (GRP78) and tumor rejection antigen (GP96), were unique to the caput epididymal spermatozoa, while one protein, fibrinogen-like protein 1, was unique to cauda epididymal spermatozoa. A few of the five proteins, which increased in intensity, were related to sperm metabolism and ATP production during epididymal maturation. The changes in intensity of a few proteins such as ERp57, GRP78, GP96, Hsp60, Hsp70, and dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase were validated by immunoblotting. The present study provides a global picture of the changes in protein composition occurring during hamster sperm epididymal maturation, besides being the first ever report on the proteome of hamster spermatozoa.
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28
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Impact of marine drugs on cytoskeleton-mediated reproductive events. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:881-915. [PMID: 20479959 PMCID: PMC2866467 DOI: 10.3390/md8040881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine organisms represent an important source of novel bioactive compounds, often showing unique modes of action. Such drugs may be useful tools to study complex processes such as reproduction; which is characterized by many crucial steps that start at gamete maturation and activation and virtually end at the first developmental stages. During these processes cytoskeletal elements such as microfilaments and microtubules play a key-role. In this review we describe: (i) the involvement of such structures in both cellular and in vitro processes; (ii) the toxins that target the cytoskeletal elements and dynamics; (iii) the main steps of reproduction and the marine drugs that interfere with these cytoskeleton-mediated processes. We show that marine drugs, acting on microfilaments and microtubules, exert a wide range of impacts on reproductive events including sperm maturation and motility, oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryo development.
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29
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Chiquete-Felix N, Hernández JM, Méndez JA, Zepeda-Bastida A, Chagolla-López A, Mújica A. In guinea pig sperm, aldolase A forms a complex with actin, WAS, and Arp2/3 that plays a role in actin polymerization. Reproduction 2009; 137:669-78. [PMID: 19151127 DOI: 10.1530/rep-08-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glycolytic enzymes have, in addition to their role in energy production, other functions in the regulation of cellular processes. Aldolase A has been reported to be present in sperm, playing a key role in glycolysis; however, despite its reported interactions with actin and WAS, little is known about a non-glycolytic role of aldolase A in sperm. Here, we show that in guinea pig spermatozoa, aldolase A is tightly associated to cytoskeletal structures where it interacts with actin, WAS, and Arp2/3. We show that aldolase A spermatozoa treatment increases their polymerized actin levels. In addition, we show that there is a direct correlation between the levels of polymerized actin and the levels of aldolase A-actin interaction. Our results suggest that aldolase A functions as a bridge between filaments of actin and the actin-polymerizing machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Chiquete-Felix
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), PC07360 México DF, Mexico
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30
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Faisal K, Periasamy VS, Sahabudeen S, Radha A, Anandhi R, Akbarsha MA. Spermatotoxic effect of aflatoxin B1 in rat: extrusion of outer dense fibres and associated axonemal microtubule doublets of sperm flagellum. Reproduction 2008; 135:303-10. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-07-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Male Wistar rats were treated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Live as well as methanol-fixed cauda epididymal spermatozoa were stained with acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide (EB) and observed under a fluorescence microscope. Giemsa-stained smears were observed in a bright field microscope. Unstained smears were observed with phase contrast illumination. The axoneme of more than 10% of the spermatozoa of treated rats had the outer dense fibres (ODFs), in varying numbers, and the associated axonemal microtubule doublets of the flagellum extruded either at midpiece–principal piece junction or connecting piece. This could be perceived in all light microscopic preparations, but AO–EB staining offered an advantage of the assessment of the viability as well. TEM observation of sections of the testis and cauda epididymidis also revealed ODF extrusion, as seen in the transverse sections of sperm flagella missing one or more ODFs and the associated axonemal microtubule doublets. In a few such sections, the extruded elements were seen in the cytoplasm, outside the mitochondrial sheath or peripheral sheath. Marginal to severe mitochondrial pathologies were observed in the spermatozoa and elongated spermatids, suggesting a link between AFB1-induced sperm mitochondrial pathology and extrusion of ODFs. However, the possibility that AFB1 treatment would disrupt the cytoskeletal proteins of the flagellum, resulting in the extrusion of ODFs, cannot be excluded. This sperm abnormality is reported for the first time as produced by a dietary toxin. Dietary aflatoxins, therefore, could also be contributory factors for the deterioration of the reproductive health of men.
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Correa LM, Thomas A, Meyers SA. The Macaque Sperm Actin Cytoskeleton Reorganizes in Response to Osmotic Stress and Contributes to Morphological Defects and Decreased Motility1. Biol Reprod 2007; 77:942-53. [PMID: 17823088 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.107.060533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm undergo extreme variations in temperature and osmolality during cryopreservation, resulting in cell damage that includes plasma membrane defects, changes in cell volume, decreased motility, and flagellar defects. However, the fundamental biologic mechanisms underlying these events are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of osmotic stress and cytochalasins b (CB) and d (CD), naturally occurring toxins that disrupt actin organization, on the actin cytoskeleton and motility of Rhesus macaque sperm (Macaca mulatta). Sperm were diluted in media of low, medium, or high osmolality, or medium-osmolality media containing CB or CD, were stained with phalloidin-fluorescein isothiocyanate, and were processed for microscopy. The majority of sperm incubated in medium-osmolality media exhibited postacrosomal stain, whereas the minority displayed banding patterns of F-actin stain in the head. High-osmolality media, as well as CB and CD incubation, resulted in reorganization of F-actin into bands of stain in the majority of sperm heads. Cytochalasin b treatment also resulted in curled and looped tails, a phenomenon of hyposmotic stress, and CB and CD caused significant, dose-dependent decreases in motility determined by computer-assisted sperm assessment. Rho A cell populations were determined using flow cytometry, and immunocytochemistry analysis demonstrated that Rho A localization was altered after osmotic stress. Together, our results support a mechanism in which reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton induced by osmotic stress and potentially mediated by a Rho A signaling pathway contributes to sublethal sperm flagellar and motility defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane M Correa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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