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Li H, Pei X, Yu H, Wang W, Mao D. Autophagic and apoptotic proteins in goat corpus luteum and the effect of Adiponectin/AdipoRon on luteal cell autophagy and apoptosis. Theriogenology 2024; 214:245-256. [PMID: 37944429 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The most abundant adipokine Adiponectin (APN) is present in ovaries. AdipoRon is a small molecule oral APN receptor agonist that binds and activates APN receptors. However, the function of APN/AdipoRon in regulation of luteal cell processes has not been elucidated. To investigate autophagic and apoptotic proteins in goat CLs and effects of APN/AdipoRon on goat luteal autophagy and apoptosis, goat CLs were collected during the early, mid and late luteal stages of the estrous cycle to evaluate autophagic and apoptotic protein patterns. LC3B, Beclin 1, Caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 as well as p-AMPK were differentially abundant at different stages of CL development. All these proteins were primarily localized in large and small luteal steroidogenic cells. Then, isolated luteal steroidogenic cells were evaluated to ascertain the functions and mechanism of APN/AdipoRon in luteal autophagy and apoptosis. Treatment with AdipoRon (25 and 50 μM) and APN (1 μg/mL) for 48 h resulted in a decrease in cell viability and P4 level, increased autophagic and apoptotic proteins. Treatment with AdipoRon (25 μM) led to rapid and transient p-AMPK activation, with p-AMPK elevated at 30 min to 1 h with there being a return to a basal concentration at 2 h post-treatment. Moreover, treatment with AdipoRon led to an increase in autophagy by activating AMPK, which was markedly reduced with treatment with an AMPK inhibitor Compound C and siAMPK, however, abundances of apoptotic proteins were not affected by these treatments. In conclusion, autophagy and apoptosis are involved in the structural regression of goat CL. APN/AdipoRon led to a lesser cell viability and P4 concentration, and activated autophagy through induction of the AMPK while there was induction of apoptosis through an AMPK - independent pathway in goat luteal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xiaomeng Pei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Dagan Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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New Aspects of Corpus Luteum Regulation in Physiological and Pathological Conditions: Involvement of Adipokines and Neuropeptides. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060957. [PMID: 35326408 PMCID: PMC8946127 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus luteum is a small gland of great importance because its proper functioning determines not only the appropriate course of the estrous/menstrual cycle and embryo implantation, but also the subsequent maintenance of pregnancy. Among the well-known regulators of luteal tissue functions, increasing attention is focused on the role of neuropeptides and adipose tissue hormones—adipokines. Growing evidence points to the expression of these factors in the corpus luteum of women and different animal species, and their involvement in corpus luteum formation, endocrine function, angiogenesis, cells proliferation, apoptosis, and finally, regression. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge about the expression and role of adipokines, such as adiponectin, leptin, apelin, vaspin, visfatin, chemerin, and neuropeptides like ghrelin, orexins, kisspeptin, and phoenixin in the physiological regulation of the corpus luteum function, as well as their potential involvement in pathologies affecting the luteal cells that disrupt the estrous cycle.
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Flores R, Ramirez M, Ayala L, Benavides EA, Xie F, Arellano AA, Stanko RL, Garcia MR. Adiponectin Influences FGF2 in the Developing Porcine Corpus Luteum. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020077. [PMID: 35202330 PMCID: PMC8875662 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Luteal angiogenesis is regulated by pro-angiogenic hormones including fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and angiopoietin 1 (Ang1), which are regulated by the adipokine leptin during development. Another adipokine, adiponectin, exhibits an inverse relationship with leptin and has been identified in the CL. Therefore, it is hypothesized that adiponectin will influence pro-angiogenic hormones in the developing porcine CL. Crossbred sows were randomly allocated to one of two days of the estrous cycle, day 5 (D5; n = 4) or day 7 (D7; n = 5) for CL collection. Tissue was processed for immunohistochemical localization of adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2), gene expression of FGF2, Ang1, leptin, AdipoR2, and cell culture for adiponectin treatment. The expression of AdipoR2 tended (p = 0.09) to be higher in D7 lutea and was more prevalently localized to the cell surface of large and small luteal cells than in D5 tissue. Adiponectin influenced (p ≤ 0.05) FGF2, leptin, and AdipoR2 gene expression relative to the dose and day (D5 or D7). Collectively, the evidence supports the supposition that adiponectin influences angiogenic factors in the developing CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Flores
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Martha Ramirez
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Technology, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (M.R.); (L.A.); (R.L.S.)
| | - Luis Ayala
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Technology, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (M.R.); (L.A.); (R.L.S.)
| | | | - Fang Xie
- Department of Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94142, USA;
| | - Adrian Aaron Arellano
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Randy Louis Stanko
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Technology, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (M.R.); (L.A.); (R.L.S.)
| | - Michelle Renee Garcia
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Technology, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (M.R.); (L.A.); (R.L.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-361-593-3197
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Kurowska P, Mlyczyńska E, Dawid M, Sierpowski M, Estienne A, Dupont J, Rak A. Adipokines change the balance of proliferation/apoptosis in the ovarian cells of human and domestic animals: A comparative review. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 228:106737. [PMID: 33756403 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue secretes multiple hormones termed adipokines, which are important regulators of many processes. There are four types of evidence supporting an association between adipokines and female fertility which are effects that occur: centrally at the pituitary; peripherally and locally at the ovary and reproductive tract; directly on the oocyte/embryo and during pregnancy. In this review, there was a focus on the description of adipokines (leptin, apelin, resistin, chemerin, adiponectin, vaspin and visfatin) on ovarian cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis in comparison to effects on human and domestic animal ovaries including pigs, cattle and chickens. Knowledge about molecules which regulate the balance between proliferation and apoptosis so that these processes are optimal for ovarian function is essential for understanding the physiology and reducing the incidence of infertility. Furthermore, oogenesis, folliculogenesis, oocyte loss/selection and atresia are important processes for optimal ovarian physiological functions. There, however, is ovulation from only a few follicles, while the majority undergo atresia that is induced by apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Kurowska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Mlyczyńska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Dawid
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Sierpowski
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anthony Estienne
- INRAE, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Joelle Dupont
- INRAE, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Agnieszka Rak
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
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PATHAK PRAJWALITA, MUKHERJEE ANUPAMA, NAYAK VIVEKKUMAR, KUMAR SUCHIT, MUMTAZ SHABAHAT, MUMTAZ SHABAHAT, YADAV ALOKKUMAR. Association of genetic polymorphism in leptin gene with growth, reproduction and production traits in Sahiwal cows. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i8.109291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in leptin gene with various economic traits (body weight at different age, first lactation reproduction and production traits) in Sahiwal cows. PCR-RFLP of 522 bp fragment comprising partial intron 2 and exon 3 of leptin gene, carried out using BsaAI restriction endonuclease, revealed three genotypes (GG, AG and AA) at position G93263736A in chromosome 4 with genotypic frequencies of 0.39, 0.52 and 0.09 respectively. The allele frequencies were 0.65 for the G allele and 0.35 for the A allele. General Linear Model (GLM) analysis revealed significant association of SNP G93263736A with growth and first lactation production traits. The present study supports that SNP in leptin gene could be used as an aid to selection for improving different economic traits in Sahiwal cows.
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Effect of Concentrate Supplementation on the Expression Profile of miRNA in the Ovaries of Yak during Non-Breeding Season. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091640. [PMID: 32933085 PMCID: PMC7552198 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Yak (Bos grunniens) is an important and remarkable livestock species that survives in the challenging environment of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. However, its growth rate is slower and reproductive ability is generally lower than cattle. This may be due to the yak living in high altitudes all year round where in the whole year, grasses are only available in July, August, and September (warm season), and from November to the next year of May (cold season), there is a scarcity of pastures. So, the reproductive efficiency of yak is very low. Meanwhile, it has been reported that enhanced nutrition improves the reproductive efficiency of animals. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effects of supplemental nutrition on the growth traits and reproductive performance of yaks in the cold season. In addition, miRNAs related to yak reproductive traits were screened by miRNA sequencing technology. This research might be helpful for improving the reproductive potential of yak during the non-breeding season. Abstract Yak (Bos grunniens) is an important and remarkable livestock species that survives in the challenging environment of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. However, its growth rate is slower and reproductive potential is generally lower than cattle. Meanwhile, it has been reported that enhanced nutrition improves the reproductive efficiency of animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of concentrate supplementation on the miRNA expression profile in the ovaries of yak during the non-breeding season. The study displayed that non-breeding season supplementation significantly improved growth performance, serum biochemical indicators, and reproductive hormone concentrations in yaks. In this study, we also examined the differential expression analysis of miRNA in the ovaries of yak during non-breeding seasons using Illumina Hiseq sequencing technology. As a result, 51 differentially expressed miRNAs were found in the experimental group (CS) and control group (CON). Gene Ontology (go) and Kyoto Genome Encyclopedia (KEGG) analysis of target genes showed that beta-alanine metabolism; tryptophan metabolism; sphingolipid metabolism; alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; and the inositol phosphate metabolism pathway attracted our attention. Based on qRT-PCR, seven miRNAs were assessed to verify the accuracy of the library database. We predicted and identified potential miRNA target genes, including LEP, KLF7, VEGFA, GNAQ, GTAT6, and CCND2. miRNA and corresponding target genes may regulate yaks’ seasonal reproduction through their nutritional status. This study will provide an experimental basis for improving the reproductive efficiency of yaks by supplementation in the non-breeding season.
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Yang YL, Ren LR, Sun LF, Huang C, Xiao TX, Wang BB, Chen J, Zabel BA, Ren P, Zhang JV. The role of GPR1 signaling in mice corpus luteum. J Endocrinol 2016; 230:55-65. [PMID: 27149986 PMCID: PMC5064765 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemerin, a chemokine, plays important roles in immune responses, inflammation, adipogenesis, and carbohydrate metabolism. Our recent research has shown that chemerin has an inhibitory effect on hormone secretion from the testis and ovary. However, whether G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1), the active receptor for chemerin, regulates steroidogenesis and luteolysis in the corpus luteum is still unknown. In this study, we established a pregnant mare serum gonadotropin-human chorionic gonadotropin (PMSG-hCG) superovulation model, a prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) luteolysis model, and follicle and corpus luteum culture models to analyze the role of chemerin signaling through GPR1 in the synthesis and secretion of gonadal hormones during follicular/luteal development and luteolysis. Our results, for the first time, show that chemerin and GPR1 are both differentially expressed in the ovary over the course of the estrous cycle, with highest levels in estrus and metestrus. GPR1 has been localized to granulosa cells, cumulus cells, and the corpus luteum by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In vitro, we found that chemerin suppresses hCG-induced progesterone production in cultured follicle and corpus luteum and that this effect is attenuated significantly by anti-GPR1 MAB treatment. Furthermore, when the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway was blocked, the attenuating effect of GPR1 MAB was abrogated. Interestingly, PGF2α induces luteolysis through activation of caspase-3, leading to a reduction in progesterone secretion. Treatment with GPR1 MAB blocked the PGF2α effect on caspase-3 expression and progesterone secretion. This study indicates that chemerin/GPR1 signaling directly or indirectly regulates progesterone synthesis and secretion during the processes of follicular development, corpus luteum formation, and PGF2α-induced luteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Yang
- Research Laboratory for Reproductive HealthShenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Rong Ren
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Birth DefectsShenzhen Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Feng Sun
- Research Laboratory for Reproductive HealthShenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Research Laboratory for Reproductive HealthShenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen, China
| | - Tian-Xia Xiao
- Research Laboratory for Reproductive HealthShenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bao-Bei Wang
- Research Laboratory for Reproductive HealthShenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Research Laboratory for Reproductive HealthShenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Brian A Zabel
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular BiologyDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA, and Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Peigen Ren
- Research Laboratory for Reproductive HealthShenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian V Zhang
- Research Laboratory for Reproductive HealthShenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Reshma R, Mishra SR, Thakur N, Parmar MS, Somal A, Bharti MK, Pandey S, Chandra V, Chouhan VS, Verma MR, Singh G, Sharma GT, Maurya VP, Sarkar M. Modulatory role of leptin on ovarian functions in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Theriogenology 2016; 86:1720-39. [PMID: 27381558 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the modulatory role of leptin on bubaline granulosa cells (GCs) and luteal cells (LCs) functions using an in vitro cell culture system and to establish a cross talk between leptin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). GCs were collected from group IV follicles (>13 mm size) and LCs from mid-luteal phase corpus luteum and were grown in serum-containing media supplemented with leptin at three different dose rates (0.1, 1, and 10 ng/mL) and time durations (24, 48, and 72 hours). We evaluated the production and secretion of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) using RIA and the mRNA expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STARD1), cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage (CYP11A1), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19A1), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), steroidogenic factor-1 (SF1), anti-apoptotic gene PCNA, pro-apoptotic gene caspase 3 and endothelial cell marker, Von Willebrand factor (vWF), using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results depicted a direct inhibitory action of leptin on GCs steroidogenesis in a time-dependent manner (P < 0.05), whereas in the presence of IGF-1 the inhibitory effect was reverted. Furthermore, leptin augmented both cellular proliferation (PCNA) and apoptosis (caspase 3). On the other hand, in LCs, leptin alone showed an apparent stimulatory effect on steroidogenesis (P < 0.05); however, in the presence of IGF-1, an antagonistic effect was witnessed. Moreover, leptin had an inhibitory effect on apoptosis while promoted cellular proliferation and angiogenesis. These findings were further strengthened by immunocytochemistry. To conclude, these observations for the first time reported that in buffaloes leptin has a direct dose-, time-, and tissue-dependent effect on ovarian steroidogenesis, angiogenesis, and cytoprotection, and furthermore, it can regulate the effect of systemic factors like IGF-1. Hence, this in vitro study provides an insight into the putative roles of leptin alone and its interactions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reshma
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S R Mishra
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - N Thakur
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M S Parmar
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Somal
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M K Bharti
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Pandey
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Chandra
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V S Chouhan
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M R Verma
- Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics and Information Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G Singh
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G T Sharma
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V P Maurya
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Sarkar
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Hu S, Gan C, Wen R, Xiao Q, Gou H, Liu H, Zhang Y, Li L, Wang J. Role of leptin in the regulation of sterol/steroid biosynthesis in goose granulosa cells. Theriogenology 2014; 82:677-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Opposing roles of leptin and ghrelin in the equine corpus luteum regulation: an in vitro study. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:682193. [PMID: 25125800 PMCID: PMC4122068 DOI: 10.1155/2014/682193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic hormones have been associated with reproductive function modulation. Thus, the aim of this study was: (i) to characterize the immunolocalization, mRNA and protein levels of leptin (LEP), Ghrelin (GHR) and respective receptors LEPR and Ghr-R1A, throughout luteal phase; and (ii) to evaluate the role of LEP and GHR on progesterone (P4), prostaglandin (PG) E2 and PGF2α, nitric oxide (nitrite), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF); macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) secretion, and on angiogenic activity (BAEC proliferation), in equine corpus luteum (CL) from early and mid-luteal stages. LEPR expression was decreased in late CL, while GHR/Ghr-R1A system was increased in the same stage. Regarding secretory activity, GHR decreased P4 in early CL, but increased PGF2α, nitrite and TNF in mid CL. Conversely, LEP increased P4, PGE2, angiogenic activity, MIF, TNF and nitrite during early CL, in a dose-dependent manner. The in vitro effect of LEP on secretory activity was reverted by GHR, when both factors acted together. The present results evidence the presence of LEP and GHR systems in the equine CL. Moreover, we suggest that LEP and GHR play opposing roles in equine CL regulation, with LEP supporting luteal establishment and GHR promoting luteal regression. Finally, a dose-dependent luteotrophic effect of LEP was demonstrated.
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Gupta M, Dangi SS, Chouhan VS, Hyder I, Babitha V, Yadav VP, Khan FA, Sonwane A, Singh G, Das GK, Mitra A, Bag S, Sarkar M. Expression and localization of ghrelin and its functional receptor in corpus luteum during different stages of estrous cycle and the modulatory role of ghrelin on progesterone production in cultured luteal cells in buffalo. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2014; 48:21-32. [PMID: 24906925 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence obtained during recent years provided has insight into the regulation of corpus luteum (CL) development, function, and regression by locally produced ghrelin. The present study was carried out to evaluate the expression and localization of ghrelin and its receptor (GHS-R1a) in bubaline CL during different stages of the estrous cycle and investigate the role of ghrelin on progesterone (P4) production along with messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of P4 synthesis intermediates. The mRNA and protein expression of ghrelin and GHS-R1a was significantly greater in mid- and late luteal phases. Both factors were localized in luteal cells, exclusively in the cytoplasm. Immunoreactivity of ghrelin and GHS-R1a was greater during mid- and late luteal phases. Luteal cells were cultured in vitro and treated with ghrelin each at 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL concentrations for 48 h after obtaining 75% to 80% confluence. At a dose of 1 ng/mL, there was no significant difference in P4 secretion between control and treatment group. At 10 and 100 ng/mL, there was a decrease (P < 0.05) in P4 concentration, cytochrome P45011A1 (CYP11A1), and 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mRNA expression and localization. There was no difference in mRNA expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein between control and treatment group. In summary, the present study provided evidence that ghrelin and its receptor are expressed in bubaline CL and are localized exclusively in the cell cytoplasm and ghrelin has an inhibitory effect on P4 production in buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gupta
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - S S Dangi
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - V S Chouhan
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - I Hyder
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - V Babitha
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - V P Yadav
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - F A Khan
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - A Sonwane
- Animal Genetics Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - G Singh
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - G K Das
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - A Mitra
- Animal Genetics Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - S Bag
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - M Sarkar
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India.
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The effect of nutrition and metabolic status on the development of follicles, oocytes and embryos in ruminants. Animal 2014; 8:1031-44. [PMID: 24774511 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of nutrition and energy reserves on the fertility of ruminants has been extensively described. However, the metabolic factors and the molecular mechanisms involved in the interactions between nutrition and ovarian function are still poorly understood. These factors could be hormonal (either reproductive and/or metabolic) and/or dietary and metabolic (glucose, amino acids and fatty acids). In this review, we briefly summarize the impact of those nutrients (fatty acids, glucose and amino acids) and metabolic hormones (insulin/IGF-I, growth hormone, T3/4, ghrelin, apelin and the adipokines (leptin, adiponectin and resistin)) implicated in the development of ovarian follicles, oocytes and embryos in ruminants. We then discuss the current hypotheses on the mechanisms of action of these factors on ovarian function. We particularly describe the role of some energy sensors including adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the ovarian cells.
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Wathes DC, Clempson AM, Pollott GE. Associations between lipid metabolism and fertility in the dairy cow. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013; 25:48-61. [PMID: 23244828 DOI: 10.1071/rd12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy cows mobilise body tissues to support milk production and, because glucose supplies are limited, lipids are used preferentially for energy production. Lipogenic activity is switched off and lipolytic mechanisms in adipose tissue increase through changes in the expression of several key enzymes. This results in a loss of body condition, together with high circulating concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids. Changes in the synthesis, secretion and signalling pathways of somatotrophic hormones (insulin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1) and adipokines (e.g. leptin) are central to the regulation of these processes. A high reliance on fatty acids as an energy source in the peripartum period causes oxidative damage to mitochondria in metabolically active tissues, including the liver and reproductive tract. The expression of genes involved in insulin resistance (PDK4, AHSG) is increased, together with expression of TIEG1, a transcription factor that can induce apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Polymorphisms in TFAM and UCP2, two autosomal mitochondrial genes, have been associated with longevity in dairy cows. Polymorphisms in many other genes that affect lipid metabolism also show some associations with fertility traits. These include DGAT1, SCD1, DECR1, CRH, CBFA2T1, GH, LEP and NPY. Excess lipid accumulation in oocytes and the regenerating endometrium reduces fertility via reductions in embryo survival and increased inflammatory changes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Claire Wathes
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK.
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Rak-Mardyła A, Durak M, Łucja Gregoraszczuk E. Effects of resistin on porcine ovarian follicle steroidogenesis in prepubertal animals: an in vitro study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2013; 11:45. [PMID: 23680257 PMCID: PMC3665660 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistin was first reported to be an adipocyte-specific hormone, but recent studies have indicated a connection between resistin and reproductive function. However, it is not yet known if resistin is expressed by the ovary and if it can affect steroidogenesis in ovarian follicles from prepubertal pigs. METHODS In this study, using real time PCR, immunoblotting, and ELISA, we quantified resistin expression and concentration in maturing ovarian follicles (small, 3-4 mm; medium, 4-5 mm; large, 6-7 mm) collected from prepubertal pigs. In addition, the dose-responsive effects of recombinant human resistin (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ng/ml) on steroid hormone (i.e., progesterone [P4], androstendione [A4], testosterone [T], and estradiol [E2]) secretion in culture medium and steroidogenic enzyme (i.e., CYP11A1, 3betaHSD, CYP17A1, 17betaHSD, and CYP19A1) expression in ovarian follicles were determined. RESULTS We observed that resistin gene and protein expression increased significantly (P < 0.05) during follicular growth, with large follicles expressing the highest level of this adipokine. Recombinant resistin also increased P4, A4, and T secretion by up-regulating the steady state levels of CYP11A1, 3betaHSD, CYP17A1, and 17betaHSD. Recombinant resistin had no effects on E2 secretion and CYP19A1 expression in ovarian follicles. CONCLUSION Our results show resistin expression in ovarian follicles from prepubertal pigs for the first time. We also show that recombinant resistin stimulates steroidogenesis in ovarian follicles by increasing the expression of CYP11A1, 3betaHSD, CYP17A1, and 17betaHSD. The presence of resistin in the porcine ovary and its direct effects on steroidogenesis suggest that resistin is a new regulator of ovary function in prepubertal animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rak-Mardyła
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Gronostajowa 9, Cracow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Martyna Durak
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Gronostajowa 9, Cracow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Ewa Łucja Gregoraszczuk
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Gronostajowa 9, Cracow, 30-387, Poland
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Balogh O, Kowalewski MP, Reichler IM. Leptin and Leptin Receptor Gene Expression in the Canine Corpus Luteum During Diestrus, Pregnancy and after Aglepristone-Induced Luteolysis. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47 Suppl 6:40-2. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Balogh
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Clinic for Reproductive Medicine; University of Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - MP Kowalewski
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy; University of Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - IM Reichler
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Clinic for Reproductive Medicine; University of Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
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Siawrys G, Smolinska N. Direct in vitro effect of LH and steroids on leptin gene expression and leptin secretion by porcine luteal cells during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Reprod Biol 2012; 12:317-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kumar L, Panda RP, Hyder I, Yadav VP, Sastry KVH, Sharma GT, Mahapatra RK, Bag S, Bhure SK, Das GK, Mitra A, Sarkar M. Expression of leptin and its receptor in corpus luteum during estrous cycle in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 135:8-17. [PMID: 22959515 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is supposed to play a crucial role in ovarian luteal dynamics. The present study was aimed to investigate the importance of leptin and its receptors in buffalo corpus luteum (CL) obtained from different stages of the estrous cycle. Real-time RT-PCR (qPCR), western blot and immunohistochemistry techniques were applied to investigate mRNA expression, protein expression and localization of examined factors. Additionally to assess the contribution of leptin in progesterone production the expression profiles of StAR, P450scc and HSD were also investigated. In general, we demonstrated presence of leptin and its receptors in buffalo CL during the estrous cycle. The mRNA levels of leptin and its receptors were significantly up regulated in (P<0.05) in all the stages and highest levels were observed in mid and late luteal stages consistent with in vivo luteinization of buffalo CL and declined coincidental to luteal regression. The expression of StAR, P450scc and HSD factors maintained low in early luteal phase, after that level of expression increased steadily to show a significant rise (P<0.05) in mid luteal phase followed by gradual decline in late luteal phase and regressed CL and this correlates well with the Ob and ObR receptor activity, verifying their key role in progesterone and other steroids production in functional CL. As revealed by immunohistochemistry, leptin protein was localized predominantly in large luteal cells however leptin receptor (Ob-R) was localized in large luteal cells as well as in endothelial cells. It can be concluded from our study that leptin via its autocrine/paracrine effects play a significant role in promoting angiogenesis, steroidogenesis and also acts as key survival factor in bubaline CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Kumar
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wathes DC. Mechanisms Linking Metabolic Status and Disease with Reproductive Outcome in the Dairy Cow. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47 Suppl 4:304-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Clempson A, Pollott G, Brickell J, Bourne N, Munce N, Wathes D. Evidence that leptin genotype is associated with fertility, growth, and milk production in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:3618-28. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Sarkar M, Schilffarth S, Schams D, Meyer HH, Berisha B. The expression of leptin and its receptor during different physiological stages in the bovine ovary. Mol Reprod Dev 2009; 77:174-81. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Amato MC, Galluzzo A, Finocchiaro S, Criscimanna A, Giordano C. The evaluation of metabolic parameters and insulin sensitivity for a more robust diagnosis of the polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2008; 69:52-60. [PMID: 18034780 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered predominantly as a hyperandrogenetic syndrome and the evaluation of metabolic parameters and insulin sensitivity is not mandatory. CONTEXT PCOS diagnostic criteria [National Institute of Health (NIH), Rotterdam Consensus (ROT), Androgen Excess Society (AES)] are unanimous recognized. We aimed to assess in women with suspected PCOS whether the application of the three diagnostic criteria differently characterizes the metabolic profile and insulin sensitivity. DESIGN Retrospective study in a cohort of women admitted to our Outpatient Clinic for suspected PCOS. PATIENTS Two hundred and four women with suspected PCOS in comparison to a group of normal, age-matched Sicilian women (N = 34) without signs of metabolic syndrome. MEASUREMENTS We evaluated hyperandrogenaemia and clinical hyperandrogenism, ovarian morphology, hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis and metabolic syndrome parameters. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 75 g glucose) measured areas under the curve (AUC) for insulin, C peptide and homeostasis model assessment of insulin-resistance (HOMA-IR) were performed. RESULTS The prevalence of PCOS was 51% according to NIH, 83% to ROT and 70.6% to AES, and only 100 patients were qualified simultaneously under these three criteria. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in PCOS women was 26.92% (NIH), 21.77% (ROT) and 23.61% (AES), respectively. In comparison to healthy women, PCOS women showed increased fasting insulinaemia (PCOS/ROT: P = 0.028; PCOS/NIH: P = 0.007; PCOS/EAS: P = 0.023), 120 min insulin after OGTT insulinaemia (for the three criteria: P < 0.001), AUC(2h) insulin (for the three criteria: P < 0.001) and AUC(2h) C peptide (for the three criteria: P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the fact that regardless of the diagnostic criteria used, evaluation of the metabolic parameters and insulin sensitivity is important for a correct diagnosis of PCOS and a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Calogero Amato
- Section of Endocrinology, DOSAC, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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La Paz MN, Fonseca VU, Campos DB, Artoni LP, Sousa LMMC, Papa PC. Produção de progesterona in vitro pelas células do corpo lúteo bovino ao longo da gestação. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2007000900003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido para testar a hipótese de que células luteínicas bovinas em cultivo, provenientes dos três terços de gestação, comportam-se da mesma maneira que células in vivo em relação à produção de P4. Foram coletadas amostras de corpos lúteos (CL) de 90 (n=3), 150 (n=3) e 210 (n=3) dias de gestação obtidos em abatedouro. Sob condições assépticas, as células foram mecanicamente dispersas e cultivadas em placas de 96 poços. Após 24 horas de cultivo foram feitas a lavagem dos poços e a adição do precursor pregnenolona. Os tratamentos foram realizados em octuplicata para cada tempo de tratamento (24, 48 e 96 horas) com três repetições de cada período gestacional. As amostras de meio de cultura e as células foram coletadas 24, 48 e 96 horas após adição do precursor e acondicionadas em freezer a -20ºC até o processamento. A progesterona foi dosada através de radioimunoensaio e o conteúdo protéico pelo método de Lowry. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente e considerados diferentes quando p<0.05. Foi observada maior produção de P4 aos 90 dias de gestação (35,277±0,075), posterior decréscimo aos 150 dias (28,820±0,231) e novo aumento aos 210 dias (32,777±0,099). A produção de P4 em células cultivadas por 24 horas foi maior (p<0,05) em células oriundas do grupo de 90 dias (2,912±0,047) quando comparado a 150 (2,669±0,137) e 210 dias (2,741±0,088). As 48 e 96 horas de cultivo, células luteínicas bovinas de 90 dias produziram mais P4 que células de 210 dias (2,934±0,029 e 2,976±0,121 respectivamente x 2,760±0,059 e 2,695±0,149, respectivamente; p<0,05), que por sua vez produziram mais do que células de 150 dias (2,334±0,084 para 48 horas e 2,205±0,136 para 96 horas). Aos 150 dias de gestação a produção de progesterona apresentou diminuição gradativa ao longo das 96 horas de cultivo. Essas diferenças podem ser explicadas pela expressão gênica diferencial de enzimas ou também de fatores presentes na cascata esteroidogênica de acordo com a idade gestacional. Este modelo de cultura celular luteínica poderá ser utilizado em estudos funcionais uma vez que o padrão de secreção de P4 mimetizou o que ocorre in vivo.
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