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Oikawa M, Kobayashi H, Sanbo M, Mizuno N, Iwatsuki K, Takashima T, Yamauchi K, Yoshida F, Yamamoto T, Shinohara T, Nakauchi H, Kurimoto K, Hirabayashi M, Kobayashi T. Functional primordial germ cell-like cells from pluripotent stem cells in rats. Science 2022; 376:176-179. [PMID: 35389778 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl4412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro generation of germ cells from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can have a substantial effect on future reproductive medicine and animal breeding. A decade ago, in vitro gametogenesis was established in the mouse. However, induction of primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) to produce gametes has not been achieved in any other species. Here, we demonstrate the induction of functional PGCLCs from rat PSCs. We show that epiblast-like cells in floating aggregates form rat PGCLCs. The gonadal somatic cells support maturation and epigenetic reprogramming of the PGCLCs. When rat PGCLCs are transplanted into the seminiferous tubules of germline-less rats, functional spermatids-that is, those capable of siring viable offspring-are generated. Insights from our rat model will elucidate conserved and divergent mechanisms essential for the broad applicability of in vitro gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Oikawa
- Division of Mammalian Embryology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hisato Kobayashi
- Department of Embryology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-0813, Japan
| | - Makoto Sanbo
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Naoaki Mizuno
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kenyu Iwatsuki
- Division of Mammalian Embryology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takashima
- Department of Embryology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-0813, Japan.,Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamauchi
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Fumika Yoshida
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Medical-risk Avoidance Based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takashi Shinohara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kazuki Kurimoto
- Department of Embryology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-0813, Japan
| | - Masumi Hirabayashi
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,The Graduate University of Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kobayashi
- Division of Mammalian Embryology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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2
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Direct evidence that KNDy neurons maintain gonadotropin pulses and folliculogenesis as the GnRH pulse generator. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2009156118. [PMID: 33500349 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009156118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse is fundamental for mammalian reproduction: GnRH pulse regimens are needed as therapies for infertile women as continuous GnRH treatment paradoxically inhibits gonadotropin release. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the hypothalamic arcuate KNDy neurons expressing kisspeptin (encoded by Kiss1), neurokinin B (encoded by Tac3), and d ynorphin A serve as a GnRH pulse generator; however, no direct evidence is currently available. Here, we show that rescuing >20% KNDy neurons by transfecting Kiss1 inside arcuate Tac3 neurons, but not outside of these neurons, recovered folliculogenesis and luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses, an indicator of GnRH pulses, in female global Kiss1 knockout (KO) rats and that >90% conditional arcuate Kiss1 KO in newly generated Kiss1-floxed rats completely suppressed LH pulses. These results first provide direct evidence that KNDy neurons are the GnRH pulse generator, and at least 20% of KNDy neurons are sufficient to maintain folliculogenesis via generating GnRH/gonadotropin pulses.
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3
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Blastocyst complementation using Prdm14-deficient rats enables efficient germline transmission and generation of functional mouse spermatids in rats. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1328. [PMID: 33637711 PMCID: PMC7910474 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Murine animal models from genetically modified pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are essential for functional genomics and biomedical research, which require germline transmission for the establishment of colonies. However, the quality of PSCs, and donor-host cell competition in chimeras often present strong barriers for germline transmission. Here, we report efficient germline transmission of recalcitrant PSCs via blastocyst complementation, a method to compensate for missing tissues or organs in genetically modified animals via blastocyst injection of PSCs. We show that blastocysts from germline-deficient Prdm14 knockout rats provide a niche for the development of gametes originating entirely from the donor PSCs without any detriment to somatic development. We demonstrate the potential of this approach by creating PSC-derived Pax2/Pax8 double mutant anephric rats, and rescuing germline transmission of a PSC carrying a mouse artificial chromosome. Furthermore, we generate mouse PSC-derived functional spermatids in rats, which provides a proof-of-principle for the generation of xenogenic gametes in vivo. We believe this approach will become a useful system for generating PSC-derived germ cells in the future.
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4
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Kobayashi T, Kobayashi H, Goto T, Takashima T, Oikawa M, Ikeda H, Terada R, Yoshida F, Sanbo M, Nakauchi H, Kurimoto K, Hirabayashi M. Germline development in rat revealed by visualization and deletion of Prdm14. Development 2020; 147:dev.183798. [PMID: 32001439 DOI: 10.1242/dev.183798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs), the founder cells of the germline, are specified in pre-gastrulating embryos in mammals, and subsequently migrate towards gonads to mature into functional gametes. Here, we investigated PGC development in rats, by genetically modifying Prdm14, a unique marker and an essential PGC transcriptional regulator. We trace PGC development in rats, for the first time, from specification until the sex determination stage in fetal gonads using Prdm14 H2BVenus knock-in rats. We uncover that the crucial role of Prdm14 in PGC specification is conserved between rat and mice, by analyzing Prdm14-deficient rat embryos. Notably, loss of Prdm14 completely abrogates the PGC program, as demonstrated by failure of the maintenance and/or activation of germ cell markers and pluripotency genes. Finally, we profile the transcriptome of the post-implantation epiblast and all PGC stages in rat to reveal enrichment of distinct gene sets at each transition point, thereby providing an accurate transcriptional timeline for rat PGC development. Thus, the novel genetically modified rats and data sets obtained in this study will advance our knowledge on conserved versus species-specific features for germline development in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kobayashi
- Section of Mammalian Transgenesis, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Aichi, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies, Okazaki, 444-8787 Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisato Kobayashi
- Department of Embryology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, 634-0813 Nara, Japan
| | - Teppei Goto
- Section of Mammalian Transgenesis, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takashima
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, 156-8502 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Oikawa
- Section of Mammalian Transgenesis, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ikeda
- Department of Embryology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, 634-0813 Nara, Japan
| | - Reiko Terada
- Section of Mammalian Transgenesis, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Aichi, Japan
| | - Fumika Yoshida
- Section of Mammalian Transgenesis, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Aichi, Japan
| | - Makoto Sanbo
- Section of Mammalian Transgenesis, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, 108-8639 Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kazuki Kurimoto
- Department of Embryology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, 634-0813 Nara, Japan
| | - Masumi Hirabayashi
- Section of Mammalian Transgenesis, Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Aichi, Japan .,Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies, Okazaki, 444-8787 Aichi, Japan
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5
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Yamaguchi T, Sato H, Kobayashi T, Kato-Itoh M, Goto T, Hara H, Mizuno N, Yanagida A, Umino A, Hamanaka S, Suchy F, Masaki H, Ota Y, Hirabayashi M, Nakauchi H. An interspecies barrier to tetraploid complementation and chimera formation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15289. [PMID: 30327488 PMCID: PMC6191448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To study development of the conceptus in xenogeneic environments, we assessed interspecies chimera formation as well as tetraploid complementation between mouse and rat. Overall contribution of donor PSC-derived cells was lower in interspecies chimeras than in intraspecies chimeras, and high donor chimerism was associated with anomalies or embryonic death. Organ to organ variation in donor chimerism was greater in interspecies chimeras than in intraspecies chimeras, suggesting species-specific affinity differences among interacting molecules necessary for organogenesis. In interspecies tetraploid complementation, embryo development was near normal until the stage of placental formation, after which no embryos survived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kobayashi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Megumi Kato-Itoh
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Teppei Goto
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hara
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Naoaki Mizuno
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yanagida
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Ayumi Umino
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Sanae Hamanaka
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Fabian Suchy
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hideki Masaki
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ota
- Department of Pathology, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masumi Hirabayashi
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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6
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Rat embryonic stem cells produce fertile offspring through tetraploid complementation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:11974-11979. [PMID: 29078333 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708710114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be functionally assessed according to the developmental potency. Tetraploid complementation, through which an entire organism is produced from the pluripotent donor cells, is taken as the most stringent test for pluripotency. It remains unclear whether ESCs of other species besides mice can pass this test. Here we show that the rat ESCs derived under 2i (two small molecule inhibitors) conditions at very early passages are able to produce fertile offspring by tetraploid complementation. However, they lose this capacity rapidly during culture due to a nearly complete loss of genomic imprinting. Our findings support that the naïve ground state pluripotency can be captured in rat ESCs but also point to the species-specific differences in its regulation and maintenance, which have implications for the derivation and application of naïve pluripotent stem cells in other species including human.
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7
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Yamaguchi T, Sato H, Kato-Itoh M, Goto T, Hara H, Sanbo M, Mizuno N, Kobayashi T, Yanagida A, Umino A, Ota Y, Hamanaka S, Masaki H, Rashid ST, Hirabayashi M, Nakauchi H. Interspecies organogenesis generates autologous functional islets. Nature 2017; 542:191-196. [PMID: 28117444 DOI: 10.1038/nature21070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is an established therapy for diabetes. We have previously shown that rat pancreata can be created from rat pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in mice through interspecies blastocyst complementation. Although they were functional and composed of rat-derived cells, the resulting pancreata were of mouse size, rendering them insufficient for isolating the numbers of islets required to treat diabetes in a rat model. Here, by performing the reverse experiment, injecting mouse PSCs into Pdx-1-deficient rat blastocysts, we generated rat-sized pancreata composed of mouse-PSC-derived cells. Islets subsequently prepared from these mouse-rat chimaeric pancreata were transplanted into mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The transplanted islets successfully normalized and maintained host blood glucose levels for over 370 days in the absence of immunosuppression (excluding the first 5 days after transplant). These data provide proof-of-principle evidence for the therapeutic potential of PSC-derived islets generated by blastocyst complementation in a xenogeneic host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Kato-Itoh
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Goto
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hara
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Makoto Sanbo
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoaki Mizuno
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kobayashi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yanagida
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Umino
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ota
- Department of Pathology, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sanae Hamanaka
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Masaki
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sheikh Tamir Rashid
- Centre of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, UK.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Masumi Hirabayashi
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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8
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Uenoyama Y, Nakamura S, Hayakawa Y, Ikegami K, Watanabe Y, Deura C, Minabe S, Tomikawa J, Goto T, Ieda N, Inoue N, Sanbo M, Tamura C, Hirabayashi M, Maeda KI, Tsukamura H. Lack of pulse and surge modes and glutamatergic stimulation of luteinising hormone release in Kiss1 knockout rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:187-97. [PMID: 25582792 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin, encoded by the Kiss1 gene, has attracted attention as a key candidate neuropeptide in controlling puberty and reproduction via regulation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion in mammals. Pioneer studies with Kiss1 or its cognate receptor Gpr54 knockout (KO) mice showed the indispensable role of kisspeptin-GPR54 signalling in the control of animal reproduction, although detailed analyses of gonadotrophin secretion, especially pulsatile and surge-mode of luteinising hormone (LH) secretion, were limited. Thus, in the present study, we have generated Kiss1 KO rats aiming to evaluate a key role of kisspeptin in governing reproduction via pulse and surge modes of GnRH/LH secretion. Kiss1 KO male and female rats showed a complete suppression of pulsatile LH secretion, which is responsible for folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis, and an absence of puberty and atrophic gonads. Kiss1 KO female rats showed no spontaneous LH/follicle-stimulating hormone surge and an oestrogen-induced LH surge, suggesting that the GnRH surge generation system, which is responsible for ovulation, does not function without kisspeptin. Furthermore, challenge of major stimulatory neurotransmitters, such as monosodium glutamate, NMDA and norepinephrine, failed to stimulate LH secretion in Kiss1 KO rats, albeit they stimulated LH release in wild-type controls. Taken together, the results of the present study confirm that kisspeptin plays an indispensable role in generating two modes (pulse and surge) of GnRH/gonadotrophin secretion to regulate puberty onset and normal reproductive performance. In addition, the present study suggests that kisspeptin neurones play a critical role as a hub integrating major stimulatory neural inputs to GnRH neurones, using newly established Kiss1 KO rats, which serve as a useful model for detailed analysis of hormonal profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Uenoyama
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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9
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Hirabayashi M, Goto T, Tamura C, Sanbo M, Hara H, Hochi S. Effect of leukemia inhibitory factor and forskolin on establishment of rat embryonic stem cell lines. J Reprod Dev 2014; 60:78-82. [PMID: 24317016 PMCID: PMC3958585 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2013-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate whether supplementation of 2i medium with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and/or forskolin would support establishment of germline-competent rat embryonic stem (ES) cell lines. Due to the higher likelihood of outgrowth rates, supplementation of forskolin with or without LIF contributed to the higher establishment efficiency of ES cell lines in the WDB strain. Germline transmission competency of the chimeric rats was not influenced by the profile of ES cell lines until their establishment. When the LIF/forskolin-supplemented 2i medium was used, the rat strain used as the blastocyst donor, such as the WI strain, was a possible factor negatively influencing the establishment efficiency of ES cell lines. Once ES cell lines were established, all lines were found to be germline-competent by a progeny test in chimeric rats. In conclusion, both LIF and forskolin are not essential but can play a beneficial role in the establishment of "genuine" rat ES cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Hirabayashi
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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10
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Li W, Li X, Li T, Jiang MG, Wan H, Luo GZ, Feng C, Cui X, Teng F, Yuan Y, Zhou Q, Gu Q, Shuai L, Sha J, Xiao Y, Wang L, Liu Z, Wang XJ, Zhao XY, Zhou Q. Genetic modification and screening in rat using haploid embryonic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 14:404-14. [PMID: 24360884 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The rat is an important animal model in biomedical research, but practical limitations to genetic manipulation have restricted the application of genetic analysis. Here we report the derivation of rat androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cells (RahESCs) as a tool to facilitate such studies. Our approach is based on removal of the maternal pronucleus from zygotes to generate androgenetic embryos followed by derivation of ESCs. The resulting RahESCs have 21 chromosomes, express pluripotency markers, differentiate into three germ layer cells, and contribute to the germline. Homozygous mutations can be introduced by both large-scale gene trapping and precise gene targeting via homologous recombination or the CRISPR-Cas system. RahESCs can also produce fertile rats after intracytoplasmic injection into oocytes and are therefore able to transmit genetic modifications to offspring. Overall, RahESCs represent a practical tool for functional genetic studies and production of transgenic lines in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Translational Stem Cell Research, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University of China, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tianda Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Translational Stem Cell Research, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ming-Gui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Translational Stem Cell Research, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Haifeng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Translational Stem Cell Research, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guan-Zheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chunjing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Translational Stem Cell Research, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Translational Stem Cell Research, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University of China, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ling Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University of China, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiahao Sha
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yamei Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Translational Stem Cell Research, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University of China, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiu-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Translational Stem Cell Research, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Translational Stem Cell Research, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Kobayashi T, Kato-Itoh M, Yamaguchi T, Tamura C, Sanbo M, Hirabayashi M, Nakauchi H. Identification of rat Rosa26 locus enables generation of knock-in rat lines ubiquitously expressing tdTomato. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2981-6. [PMID: 22564063 PMCID: PMC3475147 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent discovery of a method for derivation and culture of germline-competent rat pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) enables generation of transgenic rats or knock-out rats via genetic modification of such PSCs. This opens the way to use rats, as is routine in mice, for analyses of gene functions or physiological features. In mouse or human, one widely used technique to express a gene of interest stably and ubiquitously is to insert that gene into the Rosa26 locus via gene targeting of PSCs. Rosa26 knock-in mice conditionally expressing a reporter or a toxin gene have contributed to tracing or ablation of specific cell lineages. We successfully identified a rat orthologue of the mouse Rosa26 locus. Insertion of tdTomato, a variant of red fluorescent protein, into the Rosa26 locus of PSCs of various rat strains allows ubiquitous expression of tdTomato. Through germline transmission of one Rosa26-tdTomato knock-in embryonic stem cell line, we also obtained tdTomato knock-in rats. These expressed tdTomato ubiquitously throughout their bodies, which indicates that the rat Rosa26 locus conserves functions of its orthologues in mouse and human. The new tools described here (targeting vectors, knock-in PSCs, and rats) should be useful for a variety of research using rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kobayashi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Kato-Itoh
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tamura
- Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Makoto Sanbo
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masumi Hirabayashi
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Science Technology Agency, ERATO, Nakauchi Stem Cell and Organ Regeneration Project, Tokyo, Japan
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A retrospective analysis of germline competence in rat embryonic stem cell lines. Transgenic Res 2012; 22:411-6. [PMID: 22875289 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The factors responsible for conferring germline competence in embryonic stem (ES) cell lines remain unidentified. In the present study, rat ES cell lines (n = 17) were established with 3i medium (SU5402, PD0325901, CHIR99021), 2i medium (PD0325901, CHIR99021) or 2iF medium (PD0325901, CHIR99021, forskolin), and their potential for germline transmission to the G1 generation was examined. Rat strains were divided into an albino group (F344, Wistar or CAG/Venus transgenic rats with the Wistar background) or a colored coat group (Brown-Norway, Dark-Agouti, or BLK rats selected from >F3 generations of Wistar × Dark-Agouti rats based on their black coat color). Successful germline transmission was observed in 57 % (4/7), 40 % (2/5) and 100 % (5/5) of the ES cells established with 3i, 2i and 2iF media, respectively. ES cell lines from the homozygous CAG/Venus transgenic rats were established in all three media, but only the lines established with the 2iF medium were germline-competent. Neither coat-color (albino: 64 %, 7/11; colored: 67 %, 4/6) nor gender of the ES cell lines (XX: 67 %, 2/3; XY: 64 %, 9/14) were likely to affect germline transmission.
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