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Xu J, Guo Y, Tan Z, Ban W, Tian J, Chen K, Xu H. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of rad51 gene associated with gametogenesis in Chinese soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). Gene 2023; 887:147729. [PMID: 37619650 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Rad51 is a recA-like recombinase that plays a crucial role in repairing DNA double-strand breaks through homologous recombination during mitosis and meiosis in mammals and other organisms. However, its role in reptiles remains largely unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the physiological role of the rad51 gene in reptiles, particularly in Pelodiscus sinensis. Firstly, the cDNA of rad51 gene was cloned and analyzed in P. sinensis. The cloned cDNA contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1020 bp and encodeed a peptide of 339 amino acids. The multiple alignments and phylogenetic tree analysis of Rad51 showed that P. sinensis shares the high identity with Chelonia mydas (97.95%) and Mus musculus (95.89%). Secondly, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis showed that rad51 mRNA was highly expressed in both ovary and testis, while being weak in the somatic tissues examined in this study. Furthermore, chemical in situ hybridization (CISH) was performed to examine the expression profile of rad51 mRNA in germ cells at different stages. In the testis, rad51 mRNA expression was found to be stronger in the germ cells at early stages, specifically in spermatogonia and spermatocytes, but it was undetectable in spermatids. In the ovary, rad51 mRNA exhibited a uniform distribution in the cytoplasm of oocytes at early stages. The signal intensity of rad51 mRNA was highest in primary oocytes and gradually declined during oogenesis as the oocytes developed. These results suggest that rad51 plays a vital role in the development of germ cells, particularly during the early stages of gametogenesis in P. sinensis. The dynamic expression pattern of rad51 mRNA provides insights into the mechanisms underlying germ cell development and differentiation into gametes in turtles, even in reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Yonglin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Zhimin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Wenzhuo Ban
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Jiaming Tian
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Kaili Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China.
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Alam MS, Moriyama H, Matsumoto M. Enzyme kinetics of dUTPase from the planarian Dugesia ryukyuensis. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:163. [PMID: 30902068 PMCID: PMC6431053 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Planarians including Dugesia ryukyuensis (Dr) have strong regenerative abilities that require enhanced DNA replication. Knockdown of the DUT gene in Dr, which encodes deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate pyrophosphatase (dUTPase), promotes DNA fragmentation, inhibits regeneration, and eventually leads to death. dUTPase catalyzes the hydrolysis of dUTP to dUMP and pyrophosphate. dUTPase is known to prevent uracil misincorporation in DNA by balancing the intracellular ratio between dUTP and dTTP, and contributes to genome stability. Nevertheless, the catalytic performance of Dr-dUTPase has not been reported. Results To confirm the catalytic activity of Dr-dUTPase, we cloned and expressed Dr-DUT in E. coli. Then, we purified Dr-dUTPase using His-tag and removed the tag with thrombin. The resulting Dr-dUTPase had the leading peptide Gly–Ser–His– originating from the vector at the amino terminus, and a mutation, Arg66Lys, to remove the internal thrombin site. We observed the hydrolysis of dUTP by Dr-dUTPase using Cresol Red as a proton sensor. The Km for dUTP was determined to be 4.0 µM, which is similar to that for human dUTPase. Dr-dUTPase exhibited a preference for dUTP over the other nucleotides. We conclude the Dr-dUTPase has catalytic activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-019-4191-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahanoor Alam
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hideaki Moriyama
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 243 Manter Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Midori Matsumoto
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
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DNA damage and tissue repair: What we can learn from planaria. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 87:145-159. [PMID: 29727725 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Faithful renewal of aging and damaged tissues is central to organismal lifespan. Stem cells (SCs) generate the cellular progeny that replenish adult tissues across the body but this task becomes increasingly compromised over time. The age related decline in SC-mediated tissue maintenance is a multifactorial event that commonly affects genome integrity. The presence of DNA damage in SCs that are under continuous demand to divide poses a great risk for age-related disorders such as cancer. However, performing analysis of SCs with genomic instability and the DNA damage response during tissue renewal present significant challenges. Here we introduce an alternative experimental system based on the planaria flatworm Schmidtea mediterranea to address at the organismal level studies intersecting SC-mediated tissue renewal in the presence of genomic instability. Planaria have abundant SCs (neoblasts) that maintain high rates of cellular turnover and a variety of molecular tools have been developed to induce DNA damage and dissect how neoblasts respond to this stressor. S. mediterranea displays high evolutionary conservation of DNA repair mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating adult SCs. We describe genetically induced-DNA damage models and highlight body-wide signals affecting cellular decisions such as survival, proliferation, and death in the presence of genomic instability. We also discuss transcriptomic changes in the DNA damage response during injury repair and propose DNA repair as key component of tissue regeneration. Additional studies using planaria will provide insights about mechanisms regulating survival and growth of cells with DNA damage during tissue renewal and regeneration.
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Alam MS, Moriyama H, Matsumoto M. Inhibition of Dr-dut gene causes DNA damage in planarian. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 85:188-196. [PMID: 29405473 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The DUT gene encodes Deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase), which is involved in nucleotide metabolism. dUTPase prevents uracil misincorporation in DNA by balancing the intracellular ratio between dUTP and dTTP. This study aimed to investigate the role of Dr-dut gene in the planarian Dugesia ryukyuensis by assessing the consequences of Dr-dut silencing on known phenomena, including regeneration following amputation and radiation damage. We functionally disrupted planarian Dr-dut mRNA by feeding RNAi-containing food to animals. Dr-dut RNAi resulted in the death of planarians in 28 days, and elevated double-stranded DNA breakage. Expression of the DNA damage response gene Dr-atm and the DNA repair genes Dr-rad51 and Dr-rad51c temporarily increased, and then decreased following the onset of feeding. When RNAi-treated planarians were amputated, both head and tail parts failed to regenerate, and the animals died in 25 and 29 days, respectively. Administration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) also resulted in death and DNA damage, and synergistically caused higher genotoxicity in planarian fed Dr-dut RNAi-containing food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahanoor Alam
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Moriyama
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Midori Matsumoto
- Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Peiris TH, Ramirez D, Barghouth PG, Ofoha U, Davidian D, Weckerle F, Oviedo NJ. Regional signals in the planarian body guide stem cell fate in the presence of genomic instability. Development 2016; 143:1697-709. [PMID: 27013241 DOI: 10.1242/dev.131318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cellular fate decisions are influenced by their topographical location in the adult body. For instance, tissue repair and neoplastic growth are greater in anterior than in posterior regions of adult animals. However, the molecular underpinnings of these regional differences are unknown. We identified a regional switch in the adult planarian body upon systemic disruption of homologous recombination with RNA-interference of Rad51 Rad51 knockdown increases DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) throughout the body, but stem cells react differently depending on their location along the anteroposterior axis. In the presence of extensive DSBs, cells in the anterior part of the body resist death, whereas cells in the posterior region undergo apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that proliferation of cells with DNA damage is induced in the presence of brain tissue and that the retinoblastoma pathway enables overproliferation of cells with DSBs while attending to the demands of tissue growth and repair. Our results implicate both autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms as key mediators of regional cell behavior and cellular transformation in the adult body.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Harshani Peiris
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Daniel Ramirez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Paul G Barghouth
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Udokanma Ofoha
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Devon Davidian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Frank Weckerle
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Néstor J Oviedo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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