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Pfeffer PL. The first lineage determination in mammals. Dev Biol 2024; 513:12-30. [PMID: 38761966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
This review describes in detail the morphological, cytoskeletal and gene expression events leading to the gene regulatory network bifurcation point of trophoblast and inner cell mass cells in a variety of mammalian preimplantation embryos. The interrelated processes of compaction and polarity establishment are discussed in terms of how they affect YAP/WWTR activity and the location and fate of cells. Comparisons between mouse, human, cattle, pig and rabbit embryos suggest a conserved role for YAP/WWTR signalling in trophoblast induction in eutherian animals though the mechanisms for, and timing of, YAP/WWTR activation differs among species. Downstream targets show further differences, with the trophoblast marker GATA3 being a direct target in all examined mammals, while CDX2-positive and SOX2-negative regulation varies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Pfeffer
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Wiesak T, Goryszewska-Szczurek E. Effect of vitrification on the expression of genes in porcine blastocysts derived from in vitro matured oocytes. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2022; 68:239-246. [PMID: 35722676 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2022.2072788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of vitrification on the expression of genes that are crucial for porcine early embryo development; cathepsin B (CTSB), growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2), and OCT-4, which play an important role in the maintenance of embryonic cell pluripotency. Their gene expression was investigated in expanded blastocysts (day 6-7) derived from in vitro matured oocytes. The quantitative real-time PCR method was used to assess the amount of relative specific transcripts in 20 vitrified (treatment group) and 32 fresh non-vitrified (control group) blastocysts. Vitrification was performed using 7.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) plus 7.5% ethylene glycol (EG), and in the final step, 15% DMSO plus 15% EG and a 0.5 M sucrose solution and cryotop as a vitrification device. The blastocysts were warmed in 1 M, 0.5 M, and 0.25 M sucrose solution and kept in a culture medium for six hours before their fixation and further qPCR analysis. A significant upregulation in the targeted genes CTSB (p<.006), GDF9 (p<.04), and CDX2 (p<.003) was observed in the vitrified embryos compared to the fresh control group. Interestingly, the OCT-4 mRNA expression level was not affected by vitrification and remained comparable to that of the fresh non-vitrified embryos. In summary, the results of this pilot study showed, that vitrification induced substantial alteration in the expression of CTSB, GDF9, and CDX2 genes but did not influence the expression of OCT-4 gene in porcine in vitro derived blastocysts. Our data on the expression of developmentally important genes in vitrified porcine blastocyst may facilitate: (1) future improvements in culture conditions and/or cryopreservation protocol and (2) understanding the mechanism(s) of cryoinjuries inducing compromised post-thaw embryo development followed by the poor pregnancy outcome after blastocyst transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Wiesak
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewelina Goryszewska-Szczurek
- Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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Ding B, Gao D, Wang X, Liu L, Sun J, Liang M, Wu F, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Li W. Maternal DDB1 regulates apoptosis and lineage differentiation in porcine preimplantation embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2022; 34:844-854. [PMID: 35724990 DOI: 10.1071/rd22028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Maternal-effect genes (MEGs) play a critical role in modulating both cellular and molecular biology events in preimplantation embryonic development. Damage-specific DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1) is a gene that participates in meiotic resumption, ovulation, and embryonic stem cell maintenance. Its function in preimplantation development is not well-studied. AIMS We aimed to explore the expression pattern, genomic heritage, and potential molecular mechanisms of DDB1 in preimplantation embryos in porcine. METHODS In this study, RNA interference, microinjection, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence staining and single-cell RNA sequencing were used to explore the molecular function of DDB1 in porcine preimplantation embryos. KEY RESULTS DDB1 was found to be expressed in germinal vesicle (GV) and Meiosis II (MII) oocytes and in preimplantation embryos. We confirmed it is a MEG. DDB1-deficient blastocysts had a significantly reduced number of trophectoderm cells, an increased apoptotic cell number and increased apoptosis index. According to a next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis, 236 genes (131 upregulated and 105 downregulated) significantly changed in the DDB1-deficient morula. The myeloid leukaemia factor 1 (MLF1) and yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) expressions were significantly upregulated and downregulated respectively, in the DDB1-deficient morula. In combination with the decreased expression of TEAD4, CDX2, GATA3, OCT4, and NANOG and the increased expression of SOX2 in the blastocyst, DDB1 may play a role in determining lineage differentiation and pluripotency maintenance. CONCLUSIONS DDB1 is a MEG and it plays a crucial role in porcine preimplantation embryonic development. IMPLICATIONS This study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the molecular mechanisms of preimplantation embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Ding
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Di Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xuegu Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Junpei Sun
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Meng Liang
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Fengrui Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Wenyong Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China
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Pillai VV, Kei TG, Gurung S, Das M, Siqueira LGB, Cheong SH, Hansen PJ, Selvaraj V. RhoA/ROCK signaling antagonizes bovine trophoblast stem cell self-renewal and regulates preimplantation embryo size and differentiation. Development 2022; 149:274909. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Exponential proliferation of trophoblast stem cells (TSC) is crucial in Ruminantia to maximize numerical access to caruncles, the restricted uterine sites that permit implantation. When translating systems biology of the undifferentiated bovine trophectoderm, we uncovered that inhibition of RhoA/Rock promoted self-renewing proliferation and substantially increased blastocyst size. Analysis of transcripts suppressed by Rock inhibition revealed transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) as a primary upstream effector. TGFβ1 treatment induced changes consistent with differentiation in bTSCs, a response that could be replicated by induced expression of the bovine ROCK2 transgene. Rocki could partially antagonize TGFβ1 effects, and TGFβ receptor inhibition promoted proliferation identical to Rocki, indicating an all-encompassing upstream regulation. Morphological differentiation included formation of binucleate cells and infrequent multinucleate syncytia, features we also localize in the in vivo bovine placenta. Collectively, we demonstrate a central role for TGFβ1, RhoA and Rock in inducing bTSC differentiation, attenuation of which is sufficient to sustain self-renewal and proliferation linked to blastocyst size and preimplantation development. Unraveling these mechanisms augments evolutionary/comparative physiology of the trophoblast cell lineage and placental development in eutherians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viju Vijayan Pillai
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Tiffany G. Kei
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Shailesh Gurung
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Moubani Das
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Luiz G. B. Siqueira
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG 36038-330, Brazil
| | - Soon Hon Cheong
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Peter J. Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Vimal Selvaraj
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Dos Anjos SAA, da Costa CP, Assumpção MEOA, Visintin JA, Goissis MD. Inhibition of apical domain formation does not block blastocyst development in bovine embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:665-673. [PMID: 34092280 DOI: 10.1071/rd20339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The first event of cellular differentiation consists of the segregation of the trophectoderm and the inner cell mass. Studies in mice suggest that cell contractility and the formation of an apical domain play important roles in this event; however, this remains unknown in the bovine. We tested the hypothesis that blocking apical domain formation would halt subsequent trophectoderm differentiation in bovine embryos. We first assessed the formation of an apical domain by the presence of Par-6 Family Cell Polarity Regulator Beta (PARD6B) and Ezrin (EZR), which appeared after the 8-cell stage. We inhibited apical domain formation by blocking cell contractility with 25μM (-)-blebbistatin. Treatment from 90 to 186h after insemination did not reduce blastocyst development compared with the untreated control group or the group treated with inactive (+)-blebbistatin. Immunofluorescence staining after blebbistatin treatment revealed the absence of EZR and the trophectoderm marker Caudal Type Homeobox 2 (CDX2). Following blebbistatin treatment, Yes1 Associated Transcriptional Regulator (YAP), which is involved in the Hippo signalling pathway, exhibited cytoplasmic staining instead of nuclear localisation. Despite changes in protein expression and localisation, no difference in trophectoderm or total cell numbers was observed. In conclusion, inhibition of cell contractility inhibited apical domain formation without impairing blastocyst formation, suggesting that a different biological mechanism is involved in trophectoderm and inner cell mass differentiation in bovine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A A Dos Anjos
- Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil; and Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil
| | - C P da Costa
- Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil
| | - M E O A Assumpção
- Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil
| | - J A Visintin
- Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil
| | - M D Goissis
- Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil; and Corresponding author
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Chen X, Li Y, Luo J, Hou N. Molecular Mechanism of Hippo-YAP1/TAZ Pathway in Heart Development, Disease, and Regeneration. Front Physiol 2020; 11:389. [PMID: 32390875 PMCID: PMC7191303 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo-YAP1/TAZ pathway is a highly conserved central mechanism that controls organ size through the regulation of cell proliferation and other physical attributes of cells. The transcriptional factors Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) act as downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway, and their subcellular location and transcriptional activities are affected by multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs). Studies have conclusively demonstrated a pivotal role of the Hippo-YAP1/TAZ pathway in cardiac development, disease, and regeneration. Targeted therapeutics for the YAP1/TAZ could be an effective treatment option for cardiac regeneration and disease. This review article provides an overview of the Hippo-YAP1/TAZ pathway and the increasing impact of PTMs in fine-tuning YAP1/TAZ activation; in addition, we discuss the potential contributions of the Hippo-YAP1/TAZ pathway in cardiac development, disease, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Hou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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