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Caceres S, Monsalve B, Alonso-Diez A, Crespo B, Illera MJ, de Andres PJ, Silvan G, Illera JC. Blocking Estrogen Synthesis Leads to Different Hormonal Responses in Canine and Human Triple Negative Inflammatory Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194967. [PMID: 34638451 PMCID: PMC8507680 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking estrogen synthesis by inhibitors of estrogen synthesis is a widely used therapy against estrogen receptor-positive tumors. However, these therapies are less effective in negative expression tumors. Therefore, this study determined the effectiveness of anti-aromatase and anti-sulfatase therapies in canine and human inflammatory breast cancer. Cell cultures and xenografts from IPC-366 and SUM149 were treated with different doses of letrozole (anti-aromatase) and STX-64 (anti-sulfatase), in order to observe their effectiveness in terms of cell proliferation, tumor progression, and the appearance of metastases and hormonal profiles. The results revealed that both treatments are effective in vitro since they reduce cell proliferation and decrease the secreted estrogen levels. In xenograft mice, while treatment with letrozole reduces tumor progression by 30-40%, STX-64 increases tumor progression by 20%. The hormonal results obtained determined that STX-64 produced an increase in circulating and intratumoral levels of estradiol, which led to an increase in tumor progression. However, letrozole was able to block estrogen synthesis by decreasing the levels of circulating and intratumoral estrogen and thus slowing down tumor progression. In conclusion, letrozole can be an effective treatment for canine and human inflammatory breast cancer. The knowledge of the hormonal profile of breast tumors reflects useful information on the effectiveness of different endocrine treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Caceres
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.); (B.C.); (M.J.I.); (G.S.); (J.C.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-653-675-149
| | - Beatriz Monsalve
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.); (B.C.); (M.J.I.); (G.S.); (J.C.I.)
| | - Angela Alonso-Diez
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-D.); (P.J.d.A.)
| | - Belén Crespo
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.); (B.C.); (M.J.I.); (G.S.); (J.C.I.)
| | - Maria Jose Illera
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.); (B.C.); (M.J.I.); (G.S.); (J.C.I.)
| | - Paloma Jimena de Andres
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.-D.); (P.J.d.A.)
| | - Gema Silvan
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.); (B.C.); (M.J.I.); (G.S.); (J.C.I.)
| | - Juan Carlos Illera
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.); (B.C.); (M.J.I.); (G.S.); (J.C.I.)
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Li H, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhao X, Qi X. Hormone therapy for ovarian cancer: Emphasis on mechanisms and applications (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 46:223. [PMID: 34435651 PMCID: PMC8424487 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) remains the leading cause of mortality due to gynecological malignancies. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that steroid hormones released from the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis can play a role in stimulating or inhibiting OC progression, with gonadotropins, estrogens and androgens promoting OC progression, while gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and progesterone may be protective factors in OC. Experimental studies have indicated that hormone receptors are expressed in OC cells and mediate the growth stimulatory or growth inhibitory effects of hormones on these cells. Hormone therapy agents have been evaluated in a number of clinical trials. The majority of these trials were conducted in patients with relapsed or refractory OC with average efficacy and limited side-effects. A better understanding of the mechanisms through which hormones affect cell growth may improve the efficacy of hormone therapy. In the present review article, the role of hormones (GnRH, gonadotropins, androgens, estrogens and progestins) and their receptors in OC tumorigenesis, and hormonal therapy in OC treatment is discussed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children and Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children and Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children and Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Qi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children and Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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