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Static Light Scattering Monitoring and Kinetic Modeling of Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Synthesis. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7040237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A kinetic model describing aqueous acrylamide homopolymerization and copolymerization of acrylamide with methylene bisacrylamide, leading to hydrogel formation, is presented and applied in the simulation of these reaction processes. This modeling approach is based on population balances of generating functions and, besides the crosslinking mechanisms inherent to network formation, other specific kinetic steps important in acrylamide polymerization (e.g., branching due to backbiting) are considered in the simulation tool developed. The synthesis of acrylamide polymers and hydrogels was performed at 26 °C and at 40 °C using two different initiation systems. The formation of such materials was monitored using in-line static light scattering (SLS), and the spatial inhomogeneity of the final hydrogels was also measured using this experimental technique. It is shown that the simulations are helpful in describing information provided by SLS in-line monitoring, namely in the early stages of polymerization with the transition from dilute to semi-dilute regime. Indeed, it finds a plausible match between the critical overlap polymer concentration and gelation, this later leading to the observed spatial heterogeneity of the hydrogels. Usefulness of the kinetic model for defining operation conditions (initial composition, semi-batch feed policies, chain transfer, etc.) in making the shift from gelation to the semi-dilute regime is discussed, and the extension of this approach to processes enabling a higher control of gelation (e.g., controlled radical polymerization) is also prospected.
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Das C, Elguweri M, Jiang P, Kang S, Kelchtermans M, McLeish TCB, Parkinson M, Read DJ, Redlich MP, Shirodkar PP, Soulages JM. Controlled Synthesis, Characterization, and Flow Properties of Ethylene–Diene Copolymers. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201800071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Das
- School of MathematicsUniversity of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Muhiddin Elguweri
- Advanced CharacterizationExxonMobil Chemical Europe Hermeslaan 2, B‐1831 Machelen Belgium
| | - Peijun Jiang
- Global Chemical ResearchExxonMobil Chemical Baytown TX 77520 USA
| | - Shuhui Kang
- Global Chemical ResearchExxonMobil Chemical Baytown TX 77520 USA
| | - Mauritz Kelchtermans
- Advanced CharacterizationExxonMobil Chemical Europe Hermeslaan 2, B‐1831 Machelen Belgium
| | | | - Matthew Parkinson
- Advanced CharacterizationExxonMobil Chemical Europe Hermeslaan 2, B‐1831 Machelen Belgium
| | - Daniel J. Read
- School of MathematicsUniversity of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Michael P. Redlich
- Corporate Strategic ResearchExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company Annandale NJ 08801 USA
| | | | - Johannes M. Soulages
- Corporate Strategic ResearchExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company Annandale NJ 08801 USA
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Gomes CP, Dias RCS, Costa MRPFN. Polymer Reaction Engineering Tools to Tailor Smart and Superabsorbent Hydrogels. POLYMERS AND POLYMERIC COMPOSITES: A REFERENCE SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77830-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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4
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Das C, Read DJ, Soulages JM, Shirodkar PP. Static and Dynamic Scaling Close to Gelation in Chain-Polymerization: Effect of Reactor Type. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201700006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Das
- School of Mathematics; University of Leeds; Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Daniel J. Read
- School of Mathematics; University of Leeds; Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Johannes M. Soulages
- Corporate Strategic Research; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company; Annandale NJ 08801 USA
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Das C, Read DJ, Soulages JM, Shirodkar PP. Modeling of Synthesis and Flow Properties of Propylene–Diene Copolymers. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5011205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Das
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Daniel J. Read
- Department
of Applied Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Johannes M. Soulages
- Corporate
Strategic Research, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Pradeep P. Shirodkar
- Global
Chemical Research, ExxonMobil Chemical, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
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Nikitin AN, Wulkow M, Schütte C. Modeling of Free Radical Styrene/Divinylbenzene Copolymerization with the Numerical Fractionation Technique. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201300125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly N. Nikitin
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science; Mathematics Institute; Arnimallee 6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Institute on Laser and Information Technologies; Svyatoozerskaya 1, Shatura Moscow Region 140700 Russia
| | | | - Christof Schütte
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science; Mathematics Institute; Arnimallee 6 14195 Berlin Germany
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Gonçalves MAD, Pinto VD, Dias RCS, Costa MRPFN, Aguiar LG, Giudici R. Gel Formation in Aqueous Suspension Nitroxide-Mediated Radical Co-Polymerization of Styrene/Divinylbenzene. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201200058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kryven I, Iedema PD. A Novel Approach to Population Balance Modeling of Reactive Polymer Modification Leading to Branching. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201200048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Dušek K, Dušková-Smrčková M. Modeling of Polymer Network Formation from Preformed Precursors. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Gonçalves MAD, Pinto VD, Dias RCS, Costa MRPFN. Modeling Studies on the Synthesis of Superabsorbent Hydrogels Using Population Balance Equations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Gonçalves MAD, Pinto VD, Dias RCS, Costa MRPFN. FTIR-ATR Monitoring and SEC/RI/MALLS Characterization of ATRP Synthesized Hyperbranched Polyacrylates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201051031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Gonçalves MAD, Dias RCS, Costa MRPFN. Kinetic Modeling of Hyperbranched Polymer Synthesis through Atom-Transfer and Nitroxide-Mediated Radical Polymerization of Vinyl/Divinyl Monomers. Chem Eng Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dias RCS, Costa MRPFN. Calculation of CLD Using Population Balance Equations of Generating Functions: Linear and Non-Linear Ideal Controlled Radical Polymerization. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kinetic Modeling of the Molecular Architecture of Cross-Linked Copolymers Synthesized by Controlled Radical Polymerization Techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201050528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Gonçalves MAD, Dias RCS, Costa MRPFN. Prediction and Experimental Characterization of the Molecular Architecture of FRP and ATRP Synthesized Polyacrylate Networks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200900002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Guzmán JD, Arriola DJ, Karjala T, Gaubert J, Kolthammer BWS. Simple model to predict gel formation in olefin-diene copolymerizations catalyzed by constrained-geometry complexes. AIChE J 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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