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Ståhlberg F, Ericsson A, Nordell B, Thomsen C, Henriksen O, Persson BRR. Mr Imaging, Flow and Motion. Acta Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/028418519203300301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present work is intended as a nonmathematical review of the role of flow and motion in nuclear magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. A historical review of MR flow measurement techniques is given, followed by a short overview of flow models in vitro and in vivo. The theory behind the influence of motion on the modulus and phase MR signal information is discussed and effects such as washin/washout, flow-induced signal void, phase offset, and phase dispersion are defined. A simple approach to the concept of MR angiography is given, and methods for quantitative flow measurements such as the phase mapping technique, are surveyed. Aspects of the measurement of diffusion and mirocirculation are given, and finally, an overview of the role of MR flow imaging in present and future clinical application is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Ståhlberg
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Physics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden, the Danish Research Center of Magnetic Resonance, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University, Hvidovre, Denmark, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala University, Uppsala, and the Department of Hospital Physics, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Ericsson
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Physics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden, the Danish Research Center of Magnetic Resonance, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University, Hvidovre, Denmark, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala University, Uppsala, and the Department of Hospital Physics, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B. Nordell
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Physics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden, the Danish Research Center of Magnetic Resonance, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University, Hvidovre, Denmark, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala University, Uppsala, and the Department of Hospital Physics, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C. Thomsen
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Physics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden, the Danish Research Center of Magnetic Resonance, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University, Hvidovre, Denmark, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala University, Uppsala, and the Department of Hospital Physics, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - O. Henriksen
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Physics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden, the Danish Research Center of Magnetic Resonance, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University, Hvidovre, Denmark, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala University, Uppsala, and the Department of Hospital Physics, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B. R. R. Persson
- From the Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Physics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden, the Danish Research Center of Magnetic Resonance, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University, Hvidovre, Denmark, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala University, Uppsala, and the Department of Hospital Physics, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kim WS, Cho ZH. Cardiac cycle extraction from projection data using static signal suppression. Magn Reson Med 1992; 24:182-8. [PMID: 1556926 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910240121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As an extension of the projection-data-based cardiac cycle extraction that we developed previously (W. S. Kim, K. J. Jung, K. D. Lee, J. B. Ra, and Z. H. Cho, "Proceedings, Seventh Annual Meeting of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 1988," p. 958; W. S. Kim, C. W. Mun, D. J. Kim, and Z. H. Cho, Magn. Reson. Med. 13, 25, 1990), a new technique with which one can extract the cardiac cycle by flow-based projection data measurements is described. Because the method uses flow-dependent projection data, it is possible to obtain the cardiac cycle even from regions such as the head, which has virtually no geometrically varying parts, unlike the cardiac region. The signal-to-noise of this flow (such as blood and CSF) based projection data acquisition is further enhanced by the use of the static sample signal suppression technique developed for angiography (J. H. Kim and Z. H. Cho, Magn. Reson. Med. 14, 554, 1990).
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Kim
- Department of Electrical Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science, Chongyangni, Seoul
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