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Buyse C, Mignion L, Joudiou N, Melloul S, Driesschaert B, Gallez B. Sensitive simultaneous measurements of oxygenation and extracellular pH by EPR using a stable monophosphonated trityl radical and lithium phthalocyanine. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:11-18. [PMID: 38218552 PMCID: PMC10923140 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The monitoring of acidosis and hypoxia is crucial because both factors promote cancer progression and impact the efficacy of anti-cancer treatments. A phosphonated tetrathiatriarylmethyl (pTAM) has been previously described to monitor both parameters simultaneously, but the sensitivity to tackle subtle changes in oxygenation was limited. Here, we describe an innovative approach combining the pTAM radical and lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) crystals to provide sensitive simultaneous measurements of extracellular pH (pHe) and pO2. Both parameters can be measured simultaneously as both EPR spectra do not overlap, with a gain in sensitivity to pO2 variations by a factor of 10. This procedure was applied to characterize the impact of carbogen breathing in a breast cancer 4T1 model as a proof-of-concept. No significant change in pHe and pO2 was observed using pTAM alone, while LiPc detected a significant increase in tumor oxygenation. Interestingly, we observed that pTAM systematically overestimated the pO2 compared to LiPc. In addition, we analyzed the impact of an inhibitor (UK-5099) of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) on the tumor microenvironment. In vitro, the exposure of 4T1 cells to UK-5099 for 24 h induced a decrease in pHe and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). In vivo, a significant decrease in tumor pHe was observed in UK-5099-treated mice, while there was no change for mice treated with the vehicle. Despite the change observed in OCR, no significant change in tumor oxygenation was observed after the UK-5099 treatment. This approach is promising for assessing in vivo the effect of treatments targeting tumor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Buyse
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group (REMA), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lionel Mignion
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies Platform (NEST), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Joudiou
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies Platform (NEST), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samia Melloul
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group (REMA), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Driesschaert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group (REMA), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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2
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Swartz HM, Flood AB. Re-examining What the Results of "a Measurement of Oxygen Level in Tissues" Really Mean. Mol Imaging Biol 2024:10.1007/s11307-023-01887-6. [PMID: 38177616 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01887-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Within this special issue, many eminent investigators report on measurements of oxygen (O2) levels in tissues. Given the complexities of spatial and temporal heterogeneities of O2 in tissues and its many sources, this commentary draws attention to what such measurements do and do not actually assess regarding O2 levels in tissues. Given this limitation, it also discusses how these results can be used most effectively. To provide a convenient mechanism to discuss these issues more fully, this analysis focuses on measurements using EPR oximetry, but these considerations apply to all other techniques. The nature of the delivery of O2 to tissues and the mechanisms by which O2 is consumed necessarily result in very different levels of O2 within the volume of each voxel of a measurement. Better spatial resolution cannot fully resolve the problem because the variations include O2 gradients within each cell. Improved resolution of the time-dependent variation in O2 is also very challenging because O2 levels within tissues can have fluctuations of O2 levels in the range of milliseconds, while most methods require longer times to acquire the data from each voxel. Based on these issues, we argue that the values obtained inevitably are complex aggregates of averages of O2 levels across space and time in the tissue. These complexities arise from the complex physiology of tissues and are compounded by the limitations of the technique and its ability to acquire data. However, one often can obtain very meaningful and useful results if these complexities and limitations are taken into account. We illustrate this, using results obtained with in vivo EPR oximetry, especially utilizing its capacity to make repeated measurements to follow changes in O2 levels that occur with interventions and/or over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold M Swartz
- Dept. of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Clin-EPR, LLC, Lyme, NH, USA
| | - Ann Barry Flood
- Dept. of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Clin-EPR, LLC, Lyme, NH, USA.
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Suslova EV, Ulyanov AN, Kozlov AP, Shashurin DA, Savilov SV, Chelkov GA. Composition and Electronic Structure of La 2O 3/CNFs@C Core-Shell Nanoparticles with Variable Oxygen Content. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2945. [PMID: 37999299 PMCID: PMC10674885 DOI: 10.3390/nano13222945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
La2O3 nanoparticles stabilized on carbon nanoflake (CNF) matrix were synthesized and graphitized to produce core-shell structures La2O3/CNFs@C. Further oxidation of these structures by nitric acid vapors for 1, 3 or 6 h was performed, and surface-oxidized particles La2O3/CNFs@C_x (x = 1, 3, 6) were produced. Bulk and surface compositions of La2O3/CNFs@C and La2O3/CNFs@C_x were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. With increasing the duration of oxidation, the oxygen and La2O3 content in the La2O3/CNFs@C_x samples increased. The electronic structures of samples were assessed by electron paramagnetic resonance. Two paramagnetic centers were associated with unpaired localized and mobile electrons and were registered in all samples. The correlation between bulk and surface compositions of the samples and their electronic structures was investigated for the first time. The impact of the ratio between sp2- and sp3-hybridized C atoms, the number and nature of oxygen-containing groups on the surface and the presence and proportion of coordinated La atoms on the EPR spectra was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya V. Suslova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (A.P.K.)
| | - Alexander N. Ulyanov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (A.P.K.)
| | - Alexey P. Kozlov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (A.P.K.)
| | - Denis A. Shashurin
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Serguei V. Savilov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (A.P.K.)
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Gallez B. The Role of Imaging Biomarkers to Guide Pharmacological Interventions Targeting Tumor Hypoxia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:853568. [PMID: 35910347 PMCID: PMC9335493 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.853568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors that contributes to angiogenesis, invasiveness, metastasis, altered metabolism and genomic instability. As hypoxia is a major actor in tumor progression and resistance to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, multiple approaches have emerged to target tumor hypoxia. It includes among others pharmacological interventions designed to alleviate tumor hypoxia at the time of radiation therapy, prodrugs that are selectively activated in hypoxic cells or inhibitors of molecular targets involved in hypoxic cell survival (i.e., hypoxia inducible factors HIFs, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, unfolded protein response). While numerous strategies were successful in pre-clinical models, their translation in the clinical practice has been disappointing so far. This therapeutic failure often results from the absence of appropriate stratification of patients that could benefit from targeted interventions. Companion diagnostics may help at different levels of the research and development, and in matching a patient to a specific intervention targeting hypoxia. In this review, we discuss the relative merits of the existing hypoxia biomarkers, their current status and the challenges for their future validation as companion diagnostics adapted to the nature of the intervention.
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Thakur SK, Ghosh R, Gaur KK, Guchhait P, Eswaran SV. Anti-Cancer Activity of Water Soluble Reduced Graphene Oxide-Aryl Aziridino-Manganese (II) Complex. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Graphene-based functional structures with large surface areas, ease of functionalization/modification, and photothermal features are currently very attractive for cancer nanotherapy applications. The reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) structures having moderate cytotoxicity have been
used against human cancerous cells. We developed a water soluble rGO by heating with an aryl azide (a “green” reagent) followed by mild oxidation with aqueous alkaline KMnO4 yielding the c0lorless, water soluble rGO-arylaziridino-Mn (II) complex. The anti-cancer property
of the compound was tested in human monocytic U937 cell line, CT26 murine colon carcinoma cell line and 4T1 murine breast cancer cell lines. rGOarylaziridino-Mn (II) complex significantly induced apoptosis in the above cells in a concentration dependent manner in vitro, similar to an
effect of known anti-cancer drug Doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeet Kumar Thakur
- TERI School of Advanced Studies, Vasant Kunj, Institutional Area, New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Riya Ghosh
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Kishan Kumar Gaur
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Prasenjit Guchhait
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
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Swartz HM, Flood AB, Schaner PE, Halpern H, Williams BB, Pogue BW, Gallez B, Vaupel P. How best to interpret measures of levels of oxygen in tissues to make them effective clinical tools for care of patients with cancer and other oxygen-dependent pathologies. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14541. [PMID: 32786045 PMCID: PMC7422807 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well understood that the level of molecular oxygen (O2 ) in tissue is a very important factor impacting both physiology and pathological processes as well as responsiveness to some treatments. Data on O2 in tissue could be effectively utilized to enhance precision medicine. However, the nature of the data that can be obtained using existing clinically applicable techniques is often misunderstood, and this can confound the effective use of the information. Attempts to make clinical measurements of O2 in tissues will inevitably provide data that are aggregated over time and space and therefore will not fully represent the inherent heterogeneity of O2 in tissues. Additionally, the nature of existing techniques to measure O2 may result in uneven sampling of the volume of interest and therefore may not provide accurate information on the "average" O2 in the measured volume. By recognizing the potential limitations of the O2 measurements, one can focus on the important and useful information that can be obtained from these techniques. The most valuable clinical characterizations of oxygen are likely to be derived from a series of measurements that provide data about factors that can change levels of O2 , which then can be exploited both diagnostically and therapeutically. The clinical utility of such data ultimately needs to be verified by careful studies of outcomes related to the measured changes in levels of O2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold M Swartz
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Radiation Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Ann Barry Flood
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Philip E Schaner
- Department of Medicine, Section of Radiation Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Howard Halpern
- Department Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin B Williams
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Radiation Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Brian W Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Vaupel
- Department Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Center Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Functionalization of Carbon Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/c5040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, carbon nanostructures (CNSs) have been widely used in a variety of biomedical applications. Examples are the use of CNSs for drug and protein delivery or in tools to locally dispense nucleic acids to fight tumor affections. CNSs were successfully utilized in diagnostics and in noninvasive and highly sensitive imaging devices thanks to their optical properties in the near infrared region. However, biomedical applications require a complete biocompatibility to avoid adverse reactions of the immune system and CNSs potentials for biodegradability. Water is one of the main constituents of the living matter. Unfortunately, one of the disadvantages of CNSs is their poor solubility. Surface functionalization of CNSs is commonly utilized as an efficient solution to both tune the surface wettability of CNSs and impart biocompatible properties. Grafting functional groups onto the CNSs surface consists in bonding the desired chemical species on the carbon nanoparticles via wet or dry processes leading to the formation of a stable interaction. This latter may be of different nature as the van Der Waals, the electrostatic or the covalent, the π-π interaction, the hydrogen bond etc. depending on the process and on the functional molecule at play. Grafting is utilized for multiple purposes including bonding mimetic agents such as polyethylene glycol, drug/protein adsorption, attaching nanostructures to increase the CNSs opacity to selected wavelengths or provide magnetic properties. This makes the CNSs a very versatile tool for a broad selection of applications as medicinal biochips, new high-performance platforms for magnetic resonance (MR), photothermal therapy, molecular imaging, tissue engineering, and neuroscience. The scope of this work is to highlight up-to-date using of the functionalized carbon materials such as graphene, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, fullerene and nanodiamonds in biomedical applications.
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8
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Desmet CM, Tran LBA, Danhier P, Gallez B. Characterization of a clinically used charcoal suspension for in vivo EPR oximetry. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 32:205-212. [DOI: 10.1007/s10334-018-0704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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Kakazey M, Vlasova M, Gómez-Vidales V, Ángeles-Pascual A, Basiuk VA. Formation of carbon nanodots with different spin states in mechanically processed mixtures of ZnO with carbon nanoparticles: an electron paramagnetic resonance study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:3670-3678. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07685h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mixtures of zinc oxide with carbon nanoparticles, ZnO + xC (x = 0.1%, 1% and 3% by weight), were subjected to mechanical processing (MP) in a hermetically sealed grinding chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kakazey
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos
- 62210 Cuernavaca
- Mexico
| | - M. Vlasova
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos
- 62210 Cuernavaca
- Mexico
| | - V. Gómez-Vidales
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- 04510 Cd. México
- Mexico
| | - A. Ángeles-Pascual
- Laboratorio Avanzado de Nanoscopía Electrónica (LANE)
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
- (CINVESTAV)
- 07360 Cd. México
- Mexico
| | - V. A. Basiuk
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- 04510 Cd. México
- Mexico
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Gallez B. Contribution of Harold M. Swartz to In Vivo EPR and EPR Dosimetry. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 172:16-37. [PMID: 27421469 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, we are celebrating half a century of research in the application of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) as a biodosimetry tool to evaluate the dose received by irradiated people. During the EPR Biodose 2015 meeting, a special session was organized to acknowledge the pioneering contribution of Harold M. (Hal) Swartz in the field. The article summarizes his main contribution in physiology and medicine. Four emerging themes have been pursued continuously along his career since its beginning: (1) radiation biology; (2) oxygen and oxidation; (3) measuring physiology in vivo; and (4) application of these measurements in clinical medicine. The common feature among all these different subjects has been the use of magnetic resonance techniques, especially EPR. In this article, you will find an impressionist portrait of Hal Swartz with the description of the 'making of' this pioneer, a time-line perspective on his career with the creation of three National Institutes of Health-funded EPR centers, a topic-oriented perspective on his career with a description of his major contributions to Science, his role as a mentor and his influence on his academic children, his active role as founder of scientific societies and organizer of scientific meetings, and the well-deserved international recognition received so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Gallez
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Avenue Mounier 73.08, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Colliez F, Safronova MM, Magat J, Joudiou N, Peeters AP, Jordan BF, Gallez B, Duprez T. Oxygen Mapping within Healthy and Acutely Infarcted Brain Tissue in Humans Using the NMR Relaxation of Lipids: A Proof-Of-Concept Translational Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135248. [PMID: 26267901 PMCID: PMC4534037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical applicability of brain oxygenation mapping using the MOBILE (Mapping of Oxygen By Imaging Lipids relaxation Enhancement) magnetic resonance (MR) technique was assessed in the clinical setting of normal brain and of acute cerebral ischemia as a founding proof-of-concept translational study. Changes in the oxygenation level within healthy brain tissue can be detected by analyzing the spin-lattice proton relaxation (‘Global T1’ combining water and lipid protons) because of the paramagnetic properties of molecular oxygen. It was hypothesized that selective measurement of the relaxation of the lipid protons (‘Lipids T1’) would result in enhanced sensitivity of pO2 mapping because of higher solubility of oxygen in lipids than in water, and this was demonstrated in pre-clinical models using the MOBILE technique. In the present study, 12 healthy volunteers and eight patients with acute (48–72 hours) brain infarction were examined with the same clinical 3T MR system. Both Lipids R1 (R1 = 1/T1) and Global R1 were significantly different in the infarcted area and the contralateral unaffected brain tissue, with a higher statistical significance for Lipids R1 (median difference: 0.408 s-1; p<0.0001) than for Global R1 (median difference: 0.154 s-1; p = 0.027). Both Lipids R1 and Global R1 values in the unaffected contralateral brain tissue of stroke patients were not significantly different from the R1 values calculated in the brain tissue of healthy volunteers. The main limitations of the present prototypic version of the MOBILE sequence are the long acquisition time (4 min), hampering robustness of data in uncooperative patients, and a 2 mm slice thickness precluding accurate measurements in small infarcts because of partial volume averaging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Colliez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marta M. Safronova
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Cliniques universitaires UCL-Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Magat
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Joudiou
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - André P. Peeters
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques universitaires UCL-Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte F. Jordan
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Duprez
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Cliniques universitaires UCL-Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Smits M, Ling Y, Lenaerts S, Van Doorslaer S. Photocatalytic removal of soot: unravelling of the reaction mechanism by EPR and in situ FTIR spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:4251-7. [PMID: 23150192 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic soot oxidation is studied on P25 TiO(2) as an important model reaction for self-cleaning processes by means of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Contacting of carbon black with P25 leads on the one hand to a reduction of the local dioxygen concentration in the powder. On the other hand, the weakly adsorbed radicals on the carbon particles are likely to act as alternative traps for the photogenerated conduction-band electrons. We find furthermore that the presence of dioxygen and oxygen-related radicals is vital for the photocatalytic soot degradation. The complete oxidation of soot to CO(2) is evidenced by in situ FTIR spectroscopy, no intermediate CO is detected during the photocatalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Smits
- Research group DuEL, Department of Bioscience-engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
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13
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Qiu X, Zhao H, Yu R, Zhang J, Lan M. Novel ferrocenyl nitroxide nanoparticles as electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry probes in vitro and in vivo. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:225-31. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: In this article we report our recent developments in the field of electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry. Materials & methods: Novel synthesized ferrocenyl nitroxide radicals (FcN)-1–6 were evaluated to determine their electron paramagnetic resonance oxygen responsiveness and reduction resistance. The 3-ferrocenyl-N-(oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) butanamide radical (FcN-6), with outstanding electron paramagnetic resonance oxygen sensitivity, was encapsulated in Pluronic F-127 polymeric nanoparticles. Results: The nanoparticles exhibited good oxygen sensitivity, long-term stability of responsiveness, targeting to lung, liver and tumor, and low toxicity. Conclusion: These features make this novel nanoparticle especially valuable for mapping O2 concentrations in the body and monitoring the oxygen level inside tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, and Research Centre of Analysis & Test, East China University of Science & Technology. Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Hongli Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, and Research Centre of Analysis & Test, East China University of Science & Technology. Shanghai 200237, PR China
- The Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ronghua Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, and Research Centre of Analysis & Test, East China University of Science & Technology. Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jiufeng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, and Research Centre of Analysis & Test, East China University of Science & Technology. Shanghai 200237, PR China
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Eteshola E, Pandian RP, Lee SC, Kuppusamy P. Polymer coating of paramagnetic particulates for in vivo oxygen-sensing applications. Biomed Microdevices 2009; 11:379-87. [PMID: 19083100 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-008-9244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) can be used to sense oxygen. To enhance biocompatibility/stability of LiPc, we encapsulated LiPc in Teflon AF (TAF), cellulose acetate (CA), and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) (TAF, previously used to encapsulate LiPc, was a comparator). We identified water-miscible solvents that don't dissolve LiPc crystals, but are solvents for the polymers, and encapsulated crystals by solvent evaporation. Oxygen sensitivity of films was characterized in vitro and in vivo. Encapsulation did not change LiPc oximetry properties in vitro at anoxic conditions or varying partial pressures of oxygen (pO2). EPR linewidth of encapsulated particles was linear with pO2, responding to pO2 changes quickly and reproducibly for dynamic measurements. Encapsulated LiPc was unaffected by biological oxidoreductants, stable in vivo for four weeks. Oximetry, stability and biocompatibility properties of LiPc films were comparable, but both CA and PVAc films are cheaper, and easier to fabricate and handle than TAF films, making them superior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Eteshola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Charlier N, Driesschaert B, Wauthoz N, Beghein N, Préat V, Amighi K, Marchand-Brynaert J, Gallez B. Nano-emulsions of fluorinated trityl radicals as sensors for EPR oximetry. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2009; 197:176-180. [PMID: 19128993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2008.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This article reports the development and evaluation of two nano-emulsions (F45T-03/HFB and F15T-03/PFOB) containing fluorinated trityl radicals dissolved in perfluorocarbons. Preparation with a high-pressure homogenizer conferred sub-micronic size to both nano-emulsions. In vitro and in vivo EPR spectroscopy showed that the nano-emulsions had much greater oxygen sensitivity than the hydrophilic trityl, CT-03. In vivo experiments in rodents confirmed the ability of the nano-emulsions to follow the changes in oxygen concentration after induced ischemia. Histological evaluation of the tissue injected with the nano-emulsions revealed some acute toxicity for the F45T-03/HFB nano-emulsion but none for the F15T-03/PFOB nano-emulsion. These new formulations should be considered for further EPR oximetry experiments in pathophysiological situations where subtle changes in tissue oxygenation are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Charlier
- Université catholique de Louvain, Laboratory of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, REMA, Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Dinguizli M, Beghein N, Gallez B. Retrievable micro-inserts containing oxygen sensors for monitoring tissue oxygenation using EPR oximetry. Physiol Meas 2008; 29:1247-54. [DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/29/11/001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Charlier N, Neyrinck AM, Beghein N, Delzenne NM, Gallez B. Assessment of liver phagocytic activity using EPR spectrometry and imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2008; 27:565-9. [PMID: 18805665 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2008.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and imaging in assessing the phagocytic activity of the liver after administration of India ink. We conducted experiments on livers from control rodents and from rodents in which the Kupffer cell population had been depleted by pretreatment with gadolinium chloride. The EPR signal intensity recorded in liver homogenates was about two times lower in GdCl(3) treated rats than in control rats. EPR imaging carried out on precision-cut liver slices indicated a good correlation between the depletion of Kupffer cells and the EPR signal intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Charlier
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Unit, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Matsumoto A, Matsumoto S, Sowers AL, Koscielniak JW, Trigg NJ, Kuppusamy P, Mitchell JB, Subramanian S, Krishna MC, Matsumoto KI. Absolute oxygen tension (pO(2)) in murine fatty and muscle tissue as determined by EPR. Magn Reson Med 2006; 54:1530-5. [PMID: 16276490 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.20714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The absolute partial pressure of oxygen (pO(2)) in the mammary gland pad and femoral muscle of female mice was measured using EPR oximetry at 700 MHz. A small quantity of lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) crystals was implanted in both mammary and femoral muscle tissue of female C3H mice. Subsequent EPR measurements were carried out 1-30 days after implantation with or without control of core body temperature. The pO(2) values in the tissue became stable 2 weeks after implantation of LiPc crystals. The pO(2) level was found to be higher in the femoral muscle than in the mammary tissue. However, the pO(2) values showed a strong dependence on the core body temperature of the mice. The pO(2) values were responsive to carbogen (95% O(2), 5% CO(2)) breathing even 44-58 days after the implantation of LiPc. The LiPc linewidth was also sensitive to changes in the blood supply even 60 days after implantation of the crystals. This study further validates the use of LiPc crystals and EPR oximetry for long-term non-invasive assessment of pO(2) levels in tissues, underscores the importance of maintaining normal body core temperature during the measurements, and demonstrates that mammary tissue functions at a lower pO(2) level than muscle in female C3H mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Matsumoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-1002, USA
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Dinguizli M, Jeumont S, Beghein N, He J, Walczak T, Lesniewski PN, Hou H, Grinberg OY, Sucheta A, Swartz HM, Gallez B. Development and evaluation of biocompatible films of polytetrafluoroethylene polymers holding lithium phthalocyanine crystals for their use in EPR oximetry. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 21:1015-22. [PMID: 16368480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2005] [Revised: 03/18/2005] [Accepted: 03/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry is a powerful technology that allows the monitoring of oxygenation in tissues. The measurement of tissue oxygenation can be achieved using lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) crystals as oxygen reporters. In order to have biocompatibility for the sensing system and to assure long-term stability in the responsiveness of the system, we developed films of Teflon AF 2400 with embedded LiPc crystals. These systems can be used as retrievable inserts or parts of an implantable resonator or catheter. Atomic force microscopy studies revealed that the surface of the films was regular and planar. The response to oxygen of the sensor (EPR linewidth as a function of pO(2)) remained unchanged after implantation in mice, and was not affected by sterilization or irradiation. The use of resonators, holding LiPc embedded in Teflon AF 2400, implanted in the gastrocnemius muscle of rabbits allowed the monitoring of oxygen during several weeks. Several assays also demonstrated the biocompatibility of the system: (1) no hemolytic effect was noted; (2) no toxicity was found using the systemic injection test of extracts; (3) histological analysis in rabbit muscle in which the films were implanted for 1 week or 3 months was similar to standard polyethylene biocompatible devices. These advanced oxygen sensors are promising tools for future pre-clinical and clinical developments of EPR oximetry. These developments can be applied for other applications of biosensors where there is a need for oxygen permeable membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dinguizli
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Unit, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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