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Capuani S, Maiuro A, Giampà E, Montuori M, Varrucciu V, Hagberg GE, Vinicola V, Colonna S. Assessment of Calcaneal Spongy Bone Magnetic Resonance Characteristics in Women: A Comparison between Measures Obtained at 0.3 T, 1.5 T, and 3.0 T. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1050. [PMID: 38786348 PMCID: PMC11119204 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest in bone tissue MRI and an even greater interest in using low-cost MR scanners. However, the characteristics of bone MRI remain to be fully defined, especially at low field strength. This study aimed to characterize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), T2, and T2* in spongy bone at 0.3 T, 1.5 T, and 3.0 T. Furthermore, relaxation times were characterized as a function of bone-marrow lipid/water ratio content and trabecular bone density. METHODS Thirty-two women in total underwent an MR-imaging investigation of the calcaneus at 0.3 T, 1.5 T, and 3.0 T. MR-spectroscopy was performed at 3.0 T to assess the fat/water ratio. SNR, T2, and T2* were quantified in distinct calcaneal regions (ST, TC, and CC). ANOVA and Pearson correlation statistics were used. RESULTS SNR increase depends on the magnetic field strength, acquisition sequence, and calcaneal location. T2* was different at 3.0 T and 1.5 T in ST, TC, and CC. Relaxation times decrease as much as the magnetic field strength increases. The significant linear correlation between relaxation times and fat/water found in healthy young is lost in osteoporotic subjects. CONCLUSION The results have implications for the possible use of relaxation vs. lipid/water marrow content for bone quality assessment and the development of quantitative MRI diagnostics at low field strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Capuani
- CNR-ISC c/o Physics Department, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P.zle Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (M.M.)
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS Rome, Via Ardeatina 309, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Maiuro
- CNR-ISC c/o Physics Department, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P.zle Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (M.M.)
- Physics Department, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P.zle Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Giampà
- Rehabilitation Hospital, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS Rome, Via Ardeatina 309, 00179 Rome, Italy; (E.G.); (V.V.)
| | - Marco Montuori
- CNR-ISC c/o Physics Department, “Sapienza” University of Rome, P.zle Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Viviana Varrucciu
- Radiology Department, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS Rome, Via Ardeatina 309, 00179 Rome, Italy; (V.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Gisela E. Hagberg
- High Field Magnetic Resonance, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Vincenzo Vinicola
- Rehabilitation Hospital, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS Rome, Via Ardeatina 309, 00179 Rome, Italy; (E.G.); (V.V.)
| | - Sergio Colonna
- Radiology Department, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS Rome, Via Ardeatina 309, 00179 Rome, Italy; (V.V.); (S.C.)
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Gonzalez EA, Bell MAL. Photoacoustic Imaging and Characterization of Bone in Medicine: Overview, Applications, and Outlook. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 25:207-232. [PMID: 37000966 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-081622-025405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic techniques have shown promise in identifying molecular changes in bone tissue and visualizing tissue microstructure. This capability represents significant advantages over gold standards (i.e., dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) for bone evaluation without requiring ionizing radiation. Instead, photoacoustic imaging uses light to penetrate through bone, followed by acoustic pressure generation, resulting in highly sensitive optical absorption contrast in deep biological tissues. This review covers multiple bone-related photoacoustic imaging contributions to clinical applications, spanning bone cancer, joint pathologies, spinal disorders, osteoporosis, bone-related surgical guidance, consolidation monitoring, and transsphenoidal and transcranial imaging. We also present a summary of photoacoustic-based techniques for characterizing biomechanical properties of bone, including temperature, guided waves, spectral parameters, and spectroscopy. We conclude with a future outlook based on the current state of technological developments, recent achievements, and possible new directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Muyinatu A Lediju Bell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
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Abstract
Purpose: To develop a fast 3D MRI simulator for arbitrary k-space sampling using a graphical processing unit (GPU) and demonstrate its performance by comparing simulation and experimental results in a real MRI system. Materials and Methods: A fast 3D MRI simulator using a GeForce GTX 1080 GPU (NVIDIA Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA) was developed using C++ and the CUDA 8.0 platform (NVIDIA Corporation). The unique advantage of this simulator was that it could use the same pulse sequence as used in the experiment. The performance of the MRI simulator was measured using two GTX 1080 GPUs and 3D Cones sequences. The MRI simulation results for 3D non-Cartesian sampling trajectories like 3D Cones sequences using a numerical 3D phantom were compared with the experimental results obtained with a real MRI system and a real 3D phantom. Results: The performance of the MRI simulator was about 3800–4900 gigaflops for 128- to 4-shot 3D Cones sequences with 2563 voxels, which was about 60% of the performance of the previous MRI simulator optimized for Cartesian sampling calculated for a Cartesian sampling gradient-echo sequence with 2563 voxels. The effects of the static magnetic field inhomogeneity, radio-frequency field inhomogeneity, gradient field nonlinearity, and fast repetition times on the MR images were reproduced in the simulated images as observed in the experimental images. Conclusion: The 3D MRI simulator developed for arbitrary k-space sampling optimized using GPUs is a powerful tool for the development and evaluation of advanced imaging sequences including both Cartesian and non-Cartesian k-space sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayana Setoi
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba
| | - Katsumi Kose
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba
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4
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Kose R, Kose K. BlochSolver: A GPU-optimized fast 3D MRI simulator for experimentally compatible pulse sequences. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2017; 281:51-65. [PMID: 28550818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) simulator, which reproduces MRI experiments using computers, has been developed using two graphic-processor-unit (GPU) boards (GTX 1080). The MRI simulator was developed to run according to pulse sequences used in experiments. Experiments and simulations were performed to demonstrate the usefulness of the MRI simulator for three types of pulse sequences, namely, three-dimensional (3D) gradient-echo, 3D radio-frequency spoiled gradient-echo, and gradient-echo multislice with practical matrix sizes. The results demonstrated that the calculation speed using two GPU boards was typically about 7 TFLOPS and about 14 times faster than the calculation speed using CPUs (two 18-core Xeons). We also found that MR images acquired by experiment could be reproduced using an appropriate number of subvoxels, and that 3D isotropic and two-dimensional multislice imaging experiments for practical matrix sizes could be simulated using the MRI simulator. Therefore, we concluded that such powerful MRI simulators are expected to become an indispensable tool for MRI research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Kose
- MRTechnology Inc, 2-1-6 B5 Sengen, Tsukuba 3050047, Japan
| | - Katsumi Kose
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 3058573, Japan.
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5
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Brizi L, Barbieri M, Baruffaldi F, Bortolotti V, Fersini C, Liu H, Nogueira d'Eurydice M, Obruchkov S, Zong F, Galvosas P, Fantazzini P. Bone volume-to-total volume ratio measured in trabecular bone by single-sided NMR devices. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:501-510. [PMID: 28394083 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reduced bone strength is associated with a loss of bone mass, usually evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, although it is known that the bone microstructure also affects the bone strength. Here, a method is proposed to measure (in laboratory) the bone volume-to-total volume ratio by single-sided NMR scanners, which is related to the microstructure of the trabecular bone. METHODS Three single-sided scanners were used on animal bone samples. These low-field, mobile, low-cost devices are able to detect the NMR signal, regardless of the sample sizes, without the use of ionizing radiations, with the further advantage of signal localization offered by their intrinsic magnetic field gradients. RESULTS The performance of the different single-sided scanners have been discussed. The results have been compared with bone volume-to-total volume ratio by micro CT and MRI, obtaining consistent values. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the feasibility of the method for laboratory analyses, which are useful for measurements like porosity on bone specimens. This can be considered as the first step to develop an NMR method based on the use of a mobile single-sided device, for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, through the acquisition of the signal from the appendicular skeleton, allowing for low-cost, wide screening campaigns. Magn Reson Med 79:501-510, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Brizi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Barbieri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Huabing Liu
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Marcel Nogueira d'Eurydice
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sergei Obruchkov
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Fangrong Zong
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Petrik Galvosas
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Paola Fantazzini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Roma, Italy
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6
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Nakashima Y, Mitsuhata Y, Nishiwaki J, Kawabe Y, Utsuzawa S, Jinguuji M. Non-destructive Analysis of Oil-Contaminated Soil Core Samples by X-ray Computed Tomography and Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry: a Case Study. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2011; 214:681-698. [PMID: 21258437 PMCID: PMC3003152 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-010-0473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Non-destructive measurements of contaminated soil core samples are desirable prior to destructive measurements because they allow obtaining gross information from the core samples without touching harmful chemical species. Medical X-ray computed tomography (CT) and time-domain low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry were applied to non-destructive measurements of sandy soil core samples from a real site contaminated with heavy oil. The medical CT visualized the spatial distribution of the bulk density averaged over the voxel of 0.31 × 0.31 × 2 mm(3). The obtained CT images clearly showed an increase in the bulk density with increasing depth. Coupled analysis with in situ time-domain reflectometry logging suggests that this increase is derived from an increase in the water volume fraction of soils with depth (i.e., unsaturated to saturated transition). This was confirmed by supplementary analysis using high-resolution micro-focus X-ray CT at a resolution of ∼10 μm, which directly imaged the increase in pore water with depth. NMR transverse relaxation waveforms of protons were acquired non-destructively at 2.7 MHz by the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse sequence. The nature of viscous petroleum molecules having short transverse relaxation times (T2) compared to water molecules enabled us to distinguish the water-saturated portion from the oil-contaminated portion in the core sample using an M(0)-T2 plot, where M(0) is the initial amplitude of the CPMG signal. The present study demonstrates that non-destructive core measurements by medical X-ray CT and low-field NMR provide information on the groundwater saturation level and oil-contaminated intervals, which is useful for constructing an adequate plan for subsequent destructive laboratory measurements of cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Nakashima
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 7, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567 Japan
| | - Yuji Mitsuhata
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 7, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567 Japan
| | - Junko Nishiwaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), West, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569 Japan
| | - Yoshishige Kawabe
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), West, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569 Japan
| | - Shin Utsuzawa
- New Mexico Resonance, 2301 Yale Blvd SE, Suite C-1, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA
| | - Motoharu Jinguuji
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 7, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567 Japan
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7
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Handa S, Haishi T, Kose K. Development of a local electromagnetic shielding for an extremity magnetic resonance imaging system. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:113706. [PMID: 19045894 DOI: 10.1063/1.3030856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A local radio frequency (rf) shielding consisting of a Cu plate and an LC balun circuit has been developed for a compact magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system with a 0.3 T permanent magnet. Performance of the local rf shielding was evaluated using an artificial external noise source irradiating a human subject whose hand was inserted into the rf coil of the MRI system. Power spectra of the rf signal detected through the rf coil demonstrated that the local rf shield achieved 30.1 dB external noise suppression. With the local rf shielding, a MRI of the subject's hand was performed using a three-dimensional gradient-echo sequence. Anatomical structures of the subject's hand were clearly visualized. It was concluded that the local rf shielding could be used for the compact MRI system instead of a rf shielded room.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Handa
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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8
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Tomiha S, Iita N, Okada F, Handa S, Kose K. Relaxation time measurements of bone marrow protons in the calcaneus using a compact MRI system at 0.2 Tesla field strength. Magn Reson Med 2008; 60:485-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Lammentausta E, Kiviranta P, Töyräs J, Hyttinen MM, Kiviranta I, Nieminen MT, Jurvelin JS. Quantitative MRI of parallel changes of articular cartilage and underlying trabecular bone in degeneration. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007; 15:1149-57. [PMID: 17502160 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 03/27/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the interrelations between degenerative changes in articular cartilage and underlying trabecular bone during development of osteoarthritis and to test the ability of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect those changes. METHODS Human cadaver patellae were investigated with quantitative MRI methods, T(2) and dGEMRIC, at 1.5T. Same measurements for isolated cartilage samples were performed at 9.4T. Bone samples, taken at sites matched with cartilage analyses, were measured with MRI and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Mechanical and quantitative microscopic methods were also utilized for both cartilage and bone samples. RESULTS Significant differences were found between the samples with different stages of degeneration in mechanical properties, T(2) at 1.5T and proteoglycan (PG) content of articular cartilage. dGEMRIC at 9.4T discerned samples with advanced degeneration from the others. Bone variables measured with pQCT discerned samples with no or minimal and advanced degeneration, and mechanical properties of trabecular bone discerned samples with no or minimal degeneration from the others. Significant linear correlations were found between the bone and cartilage parameters. Characteristically, associations between variables were stronger within the samples with no or minimal degeneration compared to all samples. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative MRI variables, especially T(2) relaxation time of articular cartilage, may be feasible surrogate markers for early and advanced osteoarthritic changes in joint tissues, including decreased elastic moduli, PG and collagen contents of cartilage and mineral density and volume fraction of trabecular bone. Further work is required to resolve the relaxation mechanisms at clinically applicable field strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lammentausta
- Department of Physics, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
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Handa S, Domalain T, Kose K. Single-chip pulse programmer for magnetic resonance imaging using a 32-bit microcontroller. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:084705. [PMID: 17764345 DOI: 10.1063/1.2773636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse programmer has been developed using a single-chip microcontroller (ADmicroC7026). The microcontroller includes all the components required for the MRI pulse programmer: a 32-bit RISC CPU core, 62 kbytes of flash memory, 8 kbytes of SRAM, two 32-bit timers, four 12-bit DA converters, and 40 bits of general purpose I/O. An evaluation board for the microcontroller was connected to a host personal computer (PC), an MRI transceiver, and a gradient driver using interface circuitry. Target (embedded) and host PC programs were developed to enable MRI pulse sequence generation by the microcontroller. The pulse programmer achieved a (nominal) time resolution of approximately 100 ns and a minimum time delay between successive events of approximately 9 micros. Imaging experiments using the pulse programmer demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Handa
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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11
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Iita N, Handa S, Tomiha S, Kose K. Development of a compact MRI system for measuring the trabecular bone microstructure of the finger. Magn Reson Med 2007; 57:272-7. [PMID: 17260374 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A compact MRI system for measuring the trabecular bone (TB) microstructure of the finger using a high-field-strength (1.0T) permanent magnet was developed. The entire system was installed in a 0.6 mx1.2 m space. One male and 36 female subjects participated in the imaging experiments. The TB of the distal phalanx of the middle finger was imaged at a voxel resolution of (160 microm)3 using a three-dimensional (3D) driven equilibrium spin-echo (SE) imaging sequence (imaging time=approximately 14 min). The image data sets obtained yielded two distinct peaks for the bone and marrow in image intensity histograms when no motion was present. The structural parameters obtained through 3D image analysis show that this compact system is potentially useful for evaluating bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachiko Iita
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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12
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Handa S, Tomiha S, Haishi T, Kose K. Development of a compact MRI system for trabecular bone microstructure measurements of the distal radius. Magn Reson Med 2007; 58:225-9. [PMID: 17654589 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A compact MRI system for trabecular bone (TB) microstructure measurements of the distal radius was developed using a 1.0 T permanent magnet and a compact MRI console. TB microstructure of the distal radius was clearly visualized using a three-dimensional (3D) driven equilibrium spin-echo (DESE) sequence in 23 min. The image obtained had a sufficient spatial resolution (150 microm x 150 microm x 500 microm) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (approximately 10) for 3D bone microstructure analysis. The system demonstrated the feasibility of using a permanent magnet compact MRI system as a clinical instrument for bone microstructure measurements of the distal radius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Handa
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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13
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Lammentausta E, Hakulinen MA, Jurvelin JS, Nieminen MT. Prediction of mechanical properties of trabecular bone using quantitative MRI. Phys Med Biol 2006; 51:6187-98. [PMID: 17110779 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/51/23/017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Techniques for quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been developed for non-invasive estimation of the mineral density and structure of trabecular bone. The R*(2) relaxation rate (i.e. 1/T*(2)) is sensitive to bone mineral density (BMD) via susceptibility differences between trabeculae and bone marrow, and by binarizing MRI images, structural variables, such as apparent bone volume fraction, can be assessed. In the present study, trabecular bone samples of human patellae were investigated in vitro at 1.5 T to determine the ability of MRI-derived variables (R*(2) and bone volume fraction) to predict the mechanical properties (Young's modulus, yield stress and ultimate strength). Further, the MRI variables were correlated with reference measurements of volumetric BMD and bone area fraction as determined with a clinical pQCT system. The MRI variables correlated significantly (p < 0.01) with the mechanical variables (r = 0.32-0.46), BMD (r = 0.56) and bone structure (r = 0.51). A combination of R*(2) and MRI-derived bone volume fraction further improved the prediction of yield stress and ultimate strength. Although pQCT showed a trend towards better prediction of the mechanical properties, current results demonstrate the feasibility of combined MR imaging of marrow susceptibility and bone volume fraction in predicting the mechanical strength of trabecular bone and bone mineral density.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lammentausta
- Department of Physics, University of Kuopio, POB 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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14
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Wehrli FW, Song HK, Saha PK, Wright AC. Quantitative MRI for the assessment of bone structure and function. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2006; 19:731-64. [PMID: 17075953 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common degenerative disease in the elderly. It is characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to morbidity and increased fracture risk in the hip, spine and wrist-all sites of predominantly trabecular bone. Bone densitometry, currently the standard methodology for diagnosis and treatment monitoring, has significant limitations in that it cannot provide information on the structural manifestations of the disease. Recent advances in imaging, in particular MRI, can now provide detailed insight into the architectural consequences of disease progression and regression in response to treatment. The focus of this review is on the emerging methodology of quantitative MRI for the assessment of structure and function of trabecular bone. During the past 10 years, various approaches have been explored for obtaining image-based quantitative information on trabecular architecture. Indirect methods that do not require resolution on the scale of individual trabeculae and therefore can be practiced at any skeletal location, make use of the induced magnetic fields in the intertrabecular space. These fields, which have their origin in the greater diamagnetism of bone relative to surrounding marrow, can be measured in various ways, most typically in the form of R2', the recoverable component of the total transverse relaxation rate. Alternatively, the trabecular network can be quantified by high-resolution MRI (micro-MRI), which requires resolution adequate to at least partially resolve individual trabeculae. Micro-MRI-based structure analysis is therefore technically demanding in terms of image acquisition and algorithms needed to extract the structural information under conditions of limited signal-to-noise ratio and resolution. Other requirements that must be met include motion correction and image registration, both critical for achieving the reproducibility needed in repeat studies. Key clinical applications targeted involve fracture risk prediction and evaluation of the effect of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix W Wehrli
- Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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15
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Yoshioka H, Ito S, Handa S, Tomiha S, Kose K, Haishi T, Tsutsumi A, Sumida T. Low-field compact magnetic resonance imaging system for the hand and wrist in rheumatoid arthritis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2006; 23:370-6. [PMID: 16456819 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.20501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility of an originally developed compact MRI system for evaluating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and determine its advantages and disadvantages as an imaging modality for evaluating RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively studied 13 healthy controls with no clinical symptoms of arthritis, and 13 patients with hand and wrist pains (including pain from RA) with a 0.2 T permanent-magnet compact MR imager. All MR images were obtained while the subjects were in a sitting position. Coronal three-dimensional spin-echo T1-weighted images and coronal two-dimensional short tau inversion recovery (STIR) images were obtained with image matrix = 256 x 128 and field of view (FOV) = 20.48 cm. Plain radiograph findings and MRI findings of patients were compared. RESULTS In three of the patients with suspected early RA (N = 7), early RA was evaluated based on STIR images. All RA patients showed morphologic or signal intensity changes that allowed an evaluation of RA from MR findings. Four of five RA patients showed high signal intensity on STIR images in the wrist, proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint, or metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint that suggested synovitis. Multiple erosions in the hand and wrist were seen in four RA patients, with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images. CONCLUSION RA was correctly evaluated, and early RA could be identified with the compact MRI system. However, the current system has limitations, such as the nonselective STIR sequence used and magnetic field inhomogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yoshioka
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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16
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Tomiha S, Iita N, Okada F, Furuya T, Kose K, Haishi T. Trabecular bone volume fraction measurements of a large number of subjects using a compact MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2005; 23:1011-5. [PMID: 16376186 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2005.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2005] [Accepted: 10/17/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Trabecular bone volume fraction (TBVF) and speed of sound (SOS) were measured for the right calcanei of 416 female volunteers. The TBVF was measured with a compact MRI developed in our laboratory. The SOS was measured with a commercial quantitative ultrasound system. It was observed that the correlation coefficient between TBVF and SOS and that between TBVF and age varied depending on the location of region of interest (ROI) in the calcaneus. As a result, an optimum circular ROI with a diameter of 20 mm was determined so that the correlation coefficients were maximized. In the optimum ROI, transverse relaxation time (T2) of the bone marrow protons of the calcaneus was found to be concentrated in a narrow range over the subjects. This result suggested that a 50% scan time reduction in the TBVF measurements could be made by skipping the T2 correction procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadanori Tomiha
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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