1
|
Muthwill MS, Kong P, Dinu IA, Necula D, John C, Palivan CG. Tailoring Polymer-Based Nanoassemblies for Stimuli-Responsive Theranostic Applications. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200270. [PMID: 36100461 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polymer assemblies on the nanoscale represent a powerful toolbox for the design of theranostic systems when combined with both therapeutic compounds and diagnostic reporting ones. Here, recent advances in the design of theranostic systems for various diseases, containing-in their architecture-either polymers or polymer assemblies as one of the building blocks are presented. This review encompasses the general principles of polymer self-assembly, from the production of adequate copolymers up to supramolecular assemblies with theranostic functionality. Such polymer nanoassemblies can be further tailored through the incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles to endow them with multifunctional therapeutic and/or diagnostic features. Systems that change their architecture or properties in the presence of stimuli are selected, as responsivity to changes in the environment is a key factor for enhancing efficiency. Such theranostic systems are based on the intrinsic properties of copolymers or one of the other components. In addition, systems with a more complex architecture, such as multicompartments, are presented. Selected systems indicate the advantages of such theranostic approaches and provide a basis for further developments in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz S Muthwill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, Basel, 4058, Switzerland.,NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1095, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Phally Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Ionel Adrian Dinu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Danut Necula
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Christoph John
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, Basel, 4058, Switzerland.,NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1095, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Narayanan N, Kim JH, Santhakumar H, Joseph MM, Karunakaran V, Shamjith S, Saranya G, Sujai PT, Jayasree RS, Barman I, Maiti KK. Nanotheranostic Probe Built on Methylene Blue Loaded Cucurbituril [8] and Gold Nanorod: Targeted Phototherapy in Combination with SERS Imaging on Breast Cancer Cells. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13415-13424. [PMID: 34871005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in a nanoarchitecture platform for safe and effective targeted phototherapy in a synergistic fashion is an absolute necessity in localized cancer therapy. Photothermal and photodynamic therapies (PTT and PDT) are considered as the most promising localized therapeutic intervention for cancer management as they have no long-term side effects and are minimally invasive and affordable. Herein, we have demonstrated a tailor-made nanotheranostic probe in which macrocyclic host cucurbituril [8] (CB[8]) is placed as a glue between two gold nanorods (GNRs) within ∼3 nm gaps in linear nanoassemblies with exquisitely sensitive plasmonics that exert combined phototherapy to investigate the therapeutic progression on human breast cancer cells. Photosensitizer methylene blue was positioned on CB[8] to impart the PDT effect, whereas GNR was responsible for PTT on a single laser trigger ensuring the synchronized phototherapy. Furthermore, the nanoconstruct was tagged with targeting anti-Her2 monoclonal antibody (MB-CB[8]@GNR-anti-Her2) for localized PTT and PDT on Her2 positive SKBR3 cells, subsequent cellular recognition by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) platform, and further assessment of the combined intracellular phototherapy. Hence, the current strategy is definitely marked as a proof-of-concept straightforward approach that implies the perfect nature of the combined phototherapy to achieve an efficient cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Narayanan
- Chemical Science & Technology Division (CSTD), Organic Chemistry Section, Industrial Estate, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Hema Santhakumar
- Division of Biophotonics and Imaging, Bio Medical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695012, India
| | - Manu M Joseph
- Chemical Science & Technology Division (CSTD), Organic Chemistry Section, Industrial Estate, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Varsha Karunakaran
- Chemical Science & Technology Division (CSTD), Organic Chemistry Section, Industrial Estate, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shanmughan Shamjith
- Chemical Science & Technology Division (CSTD), Organic Chemistry Section, Industrial Estate, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Giridharan Saranya
- Chemical Science & Technology Division (CSTD), Organic Chemistry Section, Industrial Estate, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Palasseri T Sujai
- Chemical Science & Technology Division (CSTD), Organic Chemistry Section, Industrial Estate, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ramapurath S Jayasree
- Division of Biophotonics and Imaging, Bio Medical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695012, India
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Kaustabh Kumar Maiti
- Chemical Science & Technology Division (CSTD), Organic Chemistry Section, Industrial Estate, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sarbadhikary P, George BP, Abrahamse H. Recent Advances in Photosensitizers as Multifunctional Theranostic Agents for Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Theranostics 2021; 11:9054-9088. [PMID: 34522227 PMCID: PMC8419035 DOI: 10.7150/thno.62479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years tremendous effort has been invested in the field of cancer diagnosis and treatment with an overall goal of improving cancer management, therapeutic outcome, patient survival, and quality of life. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), which works on the principle of light-induced activation of photosensitizers (PS) leading to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) mediated cancer cell killing has received increased attention as a promising alternative to overcome several limitations of conventional cancer therapies. Compared to conventional therapies, PDT offers the advantages of selectivity, minimal invasiveness, localized treatment, and spatio-temporal control which minimizes the overall therapeutic side effects and can be repeated as needed without interfering with other treatments and inducing treatment resistance. Overall PDT efficacy requires proper planning of various parameters like localization and concentration of PS at the tumor site, light dose, oxygen concentration and heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, which can be achieved with advanced imaging techniques. Consequently, there has been tremendous interest in the rationale design of PS formulations to exploit their theranostic potential to unleash the imperative contribution of medical imaging in the context of successful PDT outcomes. Further, recent advances in PS formulations as activatable phototheranostic agents have shown promising potential for finely controlled imaging-guided PDT due to their propensity to specifically turning on diagnostic signals simultaneously with photodynamic effects in response to the tumor-specific stimuli. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress in the development of PS-based multifunctional theranostic agents for biomedical applications in multimodal imaging combined with PDT. We also present the role of different imaging modalities; magnetic resonance, optical, nuclear, acoustic, and photoacoustic in improving the pre-and post-PDT effects. We anticipate that the information presented in this review will encourage future development and design of PSs for improved image-guided PDT for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Blassan P. George
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chang D, Ma Y, Xu X, Xie J, Ju S. Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanoplatforms for Cancer Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:707319. [PMID: 34249894 PMCID: PMC8267819 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.707319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles have been widely used as carriers of drugs and bioimaging agents due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural versatility. The principal application of polymeric nanoparticles in medicine is for cancer therapy, with increased tumor accumulation, precision delivery of anticancer drugs to target sites, higher solubility of pharmaceutical properties and lower systemic toxicity. Recently, the stimuli-responsive polymeric nanoplatforms attracted more and more attention because they can change their physicochemical properties responding to the stimuli conditions, such as low pH, enzyme, redox agents, hypoxia, light, temperature, magnetic field, ultrasound, and so on. Moreover, the unique properties of stimuli-responsive polymeric nanocarriers in target tissues may significantly improve the bioactivity of delivered agents for cancer treatment. This review introduces stimuli-responsive polymeric nanoparticles and their applications in tumor theranostics with the loading of chemical drugs, nucleic drugs and imaging molecules. In addition, we discuss the strategy for designing multifunctional polymeric nanocarriers and provide the perspective for the clinical applications of these stimuli-responsive polymeric nanoplatforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinbing Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nafiujjaman M, Chung SJ, Kalashnikova I, Hill ML, Homa S, George J, Contag CH, Kim T. Biodegradable Hollow Manganese Silicate Nanocomposites to Alleviate Tumor Hypoxia toward Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7989-7999. [PMID: 35019538 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been extensively explored as a minimally invasive treatment strategy for malignant cancers. It works with the help of a photosensitizer located within cancer cells that is irradiated by near-infrared light to produce potent toxins and singlet oxygen (1O2) and induce cell death. However, reactive oxygen species can be overexpressed in tumor tissue because of the rapid metabolic activity in cancer cells, and the insufficient oxygenation (hypoxia) can lead to low production of singlet oxygen (1O2) during PDT. In this study, we developed nanocomposites composed of a hollow manganese silicate (HMnOSi) nanoparticle and a photosensitizer (Ce6) that can generate significant amounts of O2 to relieve tumor hypoxia and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of PDT. Our nanocomposites were characterized by UV-vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray, and dynamic light scattering. Our particles' hollow mesoporous structures were shown to retain large amounts of Ce6 on the particle surface with high loading capacity (33%). TEM imaging showed that the nanoparticles could be biodegradable over time in simulated body fluid, which can imply clinical potentials. Significant H2O2 quenching capabilities to alleviate hypoxic conditions in a solid tumor were also presented. For breast cancer cells, the nanocomposite-treated group revealed that 91% of cells were dead under laser activation compared to 51% for the control group (free Ce6). In an animal study, our nanocomposites showed almost fourfold tumor growth inhibition versus the control and more than twofold over free Ce6 in orthotopic tumor xenografts. In addition, the oxygen saturation contrast inside tumors was evaluated by photoacoustic imaging to demonstrate the alleviated hypoxia in vivo. Our works provide a smart nanosystem to ameliorate the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and augment the efficacy of PDT in a targeted cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Nafiujjaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Seock-Jin Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Irina Kalashnikova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Meghan L Hill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Silver Homa
- Department of Biological, Physical, and Health Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois 60605, United States
| | - Jeron George
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering and Department of Human Biology, Lyman Briggs Honors College, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Christopher H Contag
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Taeho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oxidative Stress and Photodynamic Therapy of Skin Cancers: Mechanisms, Challenges and Promising Developments. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050448. [PMID: 32455998 PMCID: PMC7278813 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation is one of the most pervasive environmental interactions with humans. Chronic ultraviolet irradiation increases the danger of skin carcinogenesis. Probably, oxidative stress is the most important mechanism by which ultraviolet radiation implements its damaging effects on normal cells. However, notwithstanding the data referring to the negative effects exerted by light radiation and oxidative stress on carcinogenesis, both factors are used in the treatment of skin cancer. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) consists of the administration of a photosensitiser, which undergoes excitation after suitable irradiation emitted from a light source and generates reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress causes a condition in which cellular components, including DNA, proteins, and lipids, are oxidised and injured. Antitumor effects result from the combination of direct tumour cell photodamage, the destruction of tumour vasculature and the activation of an immune response. In this review, we report the data present in literature dealing with the main signalling molecular pathways modified by oxidative stress after photodynamic therapy to target skin cancer cells. Moreover, we describe the progress made in the design of anti-skin cancer photosensitisers, and the new possibilities of increasing the efficacy of PDT via the use of molecules capable of developing a synergistic antineoplastic action.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chambre L, Saw WS, Ekineker G, Kiew LV, Chong WY, Lee HB, Chung LY, Bretonnière Y, Dumoulin F, Sanyal A. Surfactant-Free Direct Access to Porphyrin-Cross-Linked Nanogels for Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:4149-4159. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chambre
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Gülçin Ekineker
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | - Yann Bretonnière
- Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon,
CNRS UMR 5182, Université Lyon I, Laboratoire de Chimie, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
A Novel Gd-DTPA-conjugated Poly(L-γ-glutamyl-glutamine)-paclitaxel Polymeric Delivery System for Tumor Theranostics. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28630436 PMCID: PMC5476566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional chemotherapeutics could not be traced in vivo and provide timely feedback on the clinical effectiveness of drugs. In this study, poly(L-γ-glutamyl-glutamine)-paclitaxel (PGG-PTX), as a model polymer, was chemically conjugated with Gd-DTPA (Gd-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), a T1-contrast agent of MRI, to prepare a Gd-DTPA-conjugated PGG-PTX (PGG-PTX-DTPA-Gd) delivery system used for tumor theranostics. PGG-PTX-DTPA-Gd can be self-assembled to NPs in water with a z-average hydrodynamic diameter about 35.9 nm. The 3 T MRI results confirmed that the relaxivity of PGG-PTX-DTPA-Gd NPs (r1 = 18.98 mM−1S−1) was increased nearly 4.9 times compared with that of free Gd-DTPA (r1 = 3.87 mM−1S−1). The in vivo fluorescence imaging results showed that PGG-PTX-DTPA-Gd NPs could be accumulated in the tumor tissue of NCI-H460 lung cancer animal model by EPR effect, which was similar to PGG-PTX NPs. The MRI results showed that compared with free Gd-DTPA, PGG-PTX-DTPA-Gd NPs showed significantly enhanced and prolonged signal intensity in tumor tissue, which should be attributed to the increased relaxivity and tumor accumulation. PGG-PTX-DTPA-Gd NPs also showed effective antitumor effect in vivo. These results indicated that PGG-PTX-DTPA-Gd NPs are an effective delivery system for tumor theranostics, and should have a potential value in personalized treatment of tumor.
Collapse
|
9
|
Malatesti N, Munitic I, Jurak I. Porphyrin-based cationic amphiphilic photosensitisers as potential anticancer, antimicrobial and immunosuppressive agents. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:149-168. [PMID: 28510089 PMCID: PMC5425819 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines a photosensitiser, light and molecular oxygen to induce oxidative stress that can be used to kill pathogens, cancer cells and other highly proliferative cells. There is a growing number of clinically approved photosensitisers and applications of PDT, whose main advantages include the possibility of selective targeting, localised action and stimulation of the immune responses. Further improvements and broader use of PDT could be accomplished by designing new photosensitisers with increased selectivity and bioavailability. Porphyrin-based photosensitisers with amphiphilic properties, bearing one or more positive charges, are an effective tool in PDT against cancers, microbial infections and, most recently, autoimmune skin disorders. The aim of the review is to present some of the recent examples of the applications and research that employ this specific group of photosensitisers. Furthermore, we will highlight the link between their structural characteristics and PDT efficiency, which will be helpful as guidelines for rational design and evaluation of new PSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nela Malatesti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Munitic
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Igor Jurak
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yan Y, Zhang J, Ren L, Tang C. Metal-containing and related polymers for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:5232-63. [PMID: 26910408 PMCID: PMC4996776 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00026f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A survey of the most recent progress in the biomedical applications of metal-containing polymers is given. Due to the unique optical, electrochemical, and magnetic properties, at least 30 different metal elements, most of them transition metals, are introduced into polymeric frameworks for interactions with biology-relevant substrates via various means. Inspired by the advance of metal-containing small molecular drugs and promoted by the great progress in polymer chemistry, metal-containing polymers have gained momentum during recent decades. According to their different applications, this review summarizes the following biomedical applications: (1) metal-containing polymers as drug delivery vehicles; (2) metal-containing polymeric drugs and biocides, including antimicrobial and antiviral agents, anticancer drugs, photodynamic therapy agents, radiotherapy agents and biocides; (3) metal-containing polymers as biosensors, and (4) metal-containing polymers in bioimaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical, University, Xi’an, Shannxi, 710129, China
| | - Jiuyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Lixia Ren
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chuanbing Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tang S, Chen J, Samant P, Stratton K, Xiang L. Transurethral Photoacoustic Endoscopy for Prostate Cancer: A Simulation Study. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2016; 35:1780-7. [PMID: 26886974 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2016.2528123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to optimize the configuration of a photoacoustic endoscope (PAE) for prostate cancer detection and therapy monitoring. The placement of optical fiber bundles and ultrasound detectors was chosen to maximize the photoacoustic imaging penetration depth. We performed both theoretical calculations and simulations of this optimized PAE configuration on a prostate-sized phantom containing tumor and various photosensitizer concentrations. The optimized configuration of PAE with transurethral light delivery simultaneously increases the imaging penetration depth and improves image quality. Thermal safety, investigated via COMSOL Multiphysics, shows that there is only a 4 mK temperature rise in the urethra during photoacoustic imaging, which will cause no thermal damage. One application of this PAE has been demonstrated for quasi-quantifying photosensitizer concentrations during photodynamic therapy. The sensitivity of the photoacoustic detection for TOOKAD was 0.18 ng/mg at a 763 nm laser wavelength. Results of this study will greatly enhance the potential of prostate PAE for in vivo monitoring of drug delivery and guidance of the laser-induced therapy for future clinical use.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ling D, Park W, Park SJ, Lu Y, Kim KS, Hackett MJ, Kim BH, Yim H, Jeon YS, Na K, Hyeon T. Multifunctional Tumor pH-Sensitive Self-Assembled Nanoparticles for Bimodal Imaging and Treatment of Resistant Heterogeneous Tumors. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5647-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4108287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daishun Ling
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 151-742, Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Wooram Park
- Department
of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Korea
| | - Sin-jung Park
- Department
of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Korea
| | - Yang Lu
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 151-742, Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Kyoung Sub Kim
- Department
of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Korea
| | - Michael J. Hackett
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 151-742, Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Byung Hyo Kim
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 151-742, Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hyeona Yim
- Department
of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Korea
| | - Yong Sun Jeon
- Department
of Radiology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 420-751, Korea
| | - Kun Na
- Department
of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 151-742, Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li L, Nurunnabi M, Nafiujjaman M, Jeong YY, Lee YK, Huh KM. A photosensitizer-conjugated magnetic iron oxide/gold hybrid nanoparticle as an activatable platform for photodynamic cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:2929-2937. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00181h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
14
|
Wang Z, Niu G, Chen X. Polymeric materials for theranostic applications. Pharm Res 2013; 31:1358-76. [PMID: 23765400 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has continuously contributed to the fast development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Theranostic nanomedicine has encompassed the ongoing efforts on concurrent molecular imaging of biomarkers, delivery of therapeutic agents, and monitoring of therapy response. Among these formulations, polymer-based theranostic agents hold great promise for the construction of multifunctional agents for translational medicine. In this article, we reviewed the state-of-the-art polymeric nanoparticles, from preparation to application, as potential theranostic agents for diagnosis and therapy. We summarized several major polymer formulas, including polymeric conjugate complexes, nanospheres, micelles, and dendrimers for integrated molecular imaging and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 31, 1C22, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Krasia-Christoforou T, Georgiou TK. Polymeric theranostics: using polymer-based systems for simultaneous imaging and therapy. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:3002-3025. [PMID: 32261003 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20191k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-based nanomedicine is a large and fast growing field. Polymer-based systems have been extensively used as therapeutic carriers as well as bioimaging agents for example in tumour diagnosis. However, fewer polymeric systems have been able to combine both therapy and imaging in a new field that is called theranostics (theragnostics). This review aims to summarise the recent developments and trends on polymeric theranostics. Four different types of therapies/treatments are examined namely drug delivery, gene delivery, photodynamic therapy and hyperthermia treatment combined with different imaging moieties like magnetic resonance imaging agents, fluorescent agents and microbubbles for ultrasound imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Krasia-Christoforou
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang K, Xu H, Cheng L, Sun C, Wang J, Liu Z. In vitro and in vivo near-infrared photothermal therapy of cancer using polypyrrole organic nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:5586-92. [PMID: 22907876 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201202625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 525] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based, Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Laboratory-FUNSOM, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu T, Li X, Qian Y, Hu X, Liu S. Multifunctional pH-Disintegrable micellar nanoparticles of asymmetrically functionalized β-cyclodextrin-Based star copolymer covalently conjugated with doxorubicin and DOTA-Gd moieties. Biomaterials 2012; 33:2521-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
19
|
Ye M, Qian Y, Shen Y, Hu H, Sui M, Tang J. Facile synthesis and in vivo evaluation of biodegradable dendritic MRI contrast agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32211k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
Jerjes W, Upile T, Hamdoon Z, Abbas S, Akram S, Mosse CA, Morley S, Hopper C. Photodynamic therapy: The minimally invasive surgical intervention for advanced and/or recurrent tongue base carcinoma. Lasers Surg Med 2011; 43:283-92. [PMID: 21500222 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.21048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The management of tongue base carcinoma continues to be a major challenge in head and neck oncology. Our aim in this prospective study was to evaluate the outcome following ultrasound-guided interstitial photodynamic therapy (US-iPDT) of stage IV tongue base carcinoma patients. Patients' reports on quality of life with clinical and radiological evaluation were the main end point parameters used to assess the outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-one consecutive patients referred to the UCLH Head and Neck Centre for treatment of advanced and/or recurrent tongue base cancer were included in this study. Two-thirds of the referred patients had not been offered further conventional therapeutic options apart from palliative treatment. It was decided, by the multidisciplinary team, that the only available option was to offer US-iPDT under general anesthesia, using mTHPC (Foscan®) as the photosensitizing agent. Following treatment, patients were followed-up for a mean of 36 months (min. 21, max. 45). RESULTS Nine of the 11 patients who presented with breathing problems reported improvement after treatment. Also, 19 of the 21 patients reported improvement of swallowing. Improvement of speech was reported by 11 of 13 patients. Clinical assessment showed that more than half of the patients had "good response" to the treatment and about a third reported "moderate response." Radiological assessment comparing imaging 6-week post-PDT to the baseline showed stable pathology with no change in size in four patients, minimal response in seven patients, moderate response in six patients, and significant response in two patients. Eight patients died; four of which due to loco-regional disease; and two from distant tumor spread. Kaplan-Meir survival curve was generated from the survival and follow-up data. CONCLUSIONS Photodynamic therapy is a successful palliative modality in the treatment of advanced and/or recurrent tongue base carcinoma.
Collapse
|
21
|
Li X, Qian Y, Liu T, Hu X, Zhang G, You Y, Liu S. Amphiphilic multiarm star block copolymer-based multifunctional unimolecular micelles for cancer targeted drug delivery and MR imaging. Biomaterials 2011; 32:6595-605. [PMID: 21663960 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of multifunctional polymeric unimolecular micelles as an integrated platform for cancer targeted drug delivery and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Starting from a fractionated fourth-generation hyperbranched polyester (Boltorn H40), the ring-opening polymerization of ɛ-caprolactone (CL) from the periphery of H40 and subsequent terminal group esterification with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide afforded star copolymer-based atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) macroinitiator, H40-PCL-Br. Well-defined multiarm star block copolymers, H40-PCL-b-P(OEGMA-co-AzPMA), were then synthesized by the ATRP of oligo(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) and 3-azidopropyl methacrylate (AzPMA). This was followed by the click reaction of H40-PCL-b-P(OEGMA-co-AzPMA) with alkynyl-functionalized cancer cell-targeting moieties, alkynyl-folate, and T(1)-type MRI contrast agents, alkynyl-DOTA-Gd (DOTA is 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakisacetic acid), affording H40-PCL-b-P(OEGMA-Gd-FA). In aqueous solution, the amphiphilic multiarm star block copolymer exists as structurally stable unimolecular micelles possessing a hyperbranched polyester core, a hydrophobic PCL inner layer, and a hydrophilic P(OEGMA-Gd-FA) outer corona. H40-PCL-b-P(OEGMA-Gd-FA) unimolecular micelles are capable of encapsulating paclitaxel, a well-known hydrophobic anticancer drug, with a loading content of 6.67 w/w% and exhibiting controlled release of up to 80% loaded drug over a time period of ∼120 h. In vitro MRI experiments demonstrated considerably enhanced T(1) relaxivity (18.14 s(-1) mM(-1)) for unimolecular micelles compared to 3.12 s(-1) mM(-1) for that of the small molecule counterpart, alkynyl-DOTA-Gd. Further experiments of in vivo MR imaging in rats revealed good accumulation of unimolecular micelles within rat liver and kidney, prominent positive contrast enhancement, and relatively long duration of blood circulation. The reported unimolecular micelles-based structurally stable nanocarriers synergistically integrated with cancer targeted drug delivery and controlled release and MR imaging functions augur well for their potential applications as theranostic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Melancon MP, Li C. Multifunctional Synthetic Poly(l-Glutamic Acid)–Based Cancer Therapeutic and Imaging Agents. Mol Imaging 2011. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2011.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marites P. Melancon
- From the Departments of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging and Imaging Physics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Chun Li
- From the Departments of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging and Imaging Physics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rai P, Mallidi S, Zheng X, Rahmanzadeh R, Mir Y, Elrington S, Khurshid A, Hasan T. Development and applications of photo-triggered theranostic agents. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:1094-124. [PMID: 20858520 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Theranostics, the fusion of therapy and diagnostics for optimizing efficacy and safety of therapeutic regimes, is a growing field that is paving the way towards the goal of personalized medicine for the benefit of patients. The use of light as a remote-activation mechanism for drug delivery has received increased attention due to its advantages in highly specific spatial and temporal control of compound release. Photo-triggered theranostic constructs could facilitate an entirely new category of clinical solutions which permit early recognition of the disease by enhancing contrast in various imaging modalities followed by the tailored guidance of therapy. Finally, such theranostic agents could aid imaging modalities in monitoring response to therapy. This article reviews recent developments in the use of light-triggered theranostic agents for simultaneous imaging and photoactivation of therapeutic agents. Specifically, we discuss recent developments in the use of theranostic agents for photodynamic-, photothermal- or photo-triggered chemotherapy for several diseases.
Collapse
|
24
|
Lovell JF, Liu TWB, Chen J, Zheng G. Activatable photosensitizers for imaging and therapy. Chem Rev 2010; 110:2839-57. [PMID: 20104890 DOI: 10.1021/cr900236h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1230] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F Lovell
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jerjes W, Upile T, Hamdoon Z, Nhembe F, Bhandari R, Mackay S, Shah P, Mosse CA, Brookes JAS, Morley S, Hopper C. Ultrasound-guided photodynamic therapy for deep seated pathologies: prospective study. Lasers Surg Med 2010; 41:612-21. [PMID: 19827147 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interstitial photodynamic therapy remains an attractive remedial option in minimally invasive surgery. Our aim in this prospective study was to evaluate the outcome following ultrasound-guided iPDT of deep-seated pathologies. Patients' reports on quality of life with clinical and radiological evaluation were the main end point parameters used to assess the outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-eight patients were referred to the UCLH Head and Neck Centre for treatment of various deep-seated pathologies involving the head and neck region, upper and lower limbs. All patients underwent interstitial photodynamic therapy under general anaesthesia, using 0.15 mg/kg mTHPC as the photosensitising agent. Following treatment, patients were followed-up for a mean of 7 months. RESULTS All three patients who presented with visual problems reported improvement after treatment. Also, 14/17 patients reported improvement of breathing. Improvement of swallowing was reported by 25/30 patients; while speaking improvement was evident in 16/22 patients and 33/40 reported reduction in the disfigurement caused by their pathology. All five patients with impeded limb function reported some degree of improvement. Clinical assessment showed that half of the patients had 'good response' to the treatment and a third reported 'moderate response' with two patients being free of disease. Radiological assessment comparing imaging 6-week post-PDT to the baseline showed stable pathology with no change in size in 13 patients, minimal response in 18 patients, moderate response in 23 patients and significant response in 11 patients. CONCLUSION This study on 68 patients with deep-seated pathologies undergoing interstitial photodynamic therapy provided evidence that PDT can be the fourth modality in the management of tissue disease.
Collapse
|
26
|
Khemtong C, Kessinger CW, Gao J. Polymeric nanomedicine for cancer MR imaging and drug delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:3497-510. [PMID: 19521593 PMCID: PMC2850565 DOI: 10.1039/b821865j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanomedicine is emerging as a highly integrated platform that allows for molecular diagnosis, targeted drug delivery, and simultaneous monitoring and treatment of cancer. Advances in polymer and materials science are critical for the successful development of these multi-component nanocomposites in one particulate system with such a small size confinement (<200 nm). Currently, several nanoscopic therapeutic and diagnostic systems have been translated into clinical practice. In this feature article, we will provide an up-to-date review on the development and biomedical applications of nanocomposite materials for cancer diagnosis and therapy. An overview of each functional component, i.e. polymer carriers, MR imaging agents, and therapeutic drugs, will be presented. Integration of different functional components will be illustrated in several highlighted examples to demonstrate the synergy of the multifunctional nanomedicine design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chalermchai Khemtong
- Department of Pharmacology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. Fax: +1 214 645 6347; Tel: +1 214 645 6370
| | - Chase W. Kessinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. Fax: +1 214 645 6347; Tel: +1 214 645 6370
| | - Jinming Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. Fax: +1 214 645 6347; Tel: +1 214 645 6370
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jerjes W, Upile T, Vincent A, Abbas S, Shah P, Mosse CA, McCarthy E, El-Maaytah M, Topping W, Morley S, Hopper C. Management of deep-seated malformations with photodynamic therapy: a new guiding imaging modality. Lasers Med Sci 2009; 24:769-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-008-0638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
28
|
Sibani SA, McCarron PA, Woolfson AD, Donnelly RF. Photosensitiser delivery for photodynamic therapy. Part 2: systemic carrier platforms. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 5:1241-54. [PMID: 18976134 DOI: 10.1517/17425240802444673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of solid tumours and angiogenic ocular diseases by photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires the injection of a photosensitiser (PS) to destroy target cells through a combination of visible light irradiation and molecular oxygen. There is currently great interest in the development of efficient and specific carrier delivery platforms for systemic PDT. OBJECTIVE This article aims to review recent developments in systemic carrier delivery platforms for PDT, with an emphasis on target specificity. METHODS Recent publications, spanning the last five years, concerning delivery carrier platforms for systemic PDT were reviewed, including PS conjugates, dendrimers, micelles, liposomes and nanoparticles. RESULTS/CONCLUSION PS conjugates and supramolecular delivery platforms can improve PDT selectivity by exploiting cellular and physiological specificities of the targeted tissue. Overexpression of receptors in cancer and angiogenic endothelial cells allows their targeting by affinity-based moieties for the selective uptake of PS conjugates and encapsulating delivery carriers, while the abnormal tumour neovascularisation induces a specific accumulation of heavy weighted PS carriers by enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. In addition, polymeric prodrug delivery platforms triggered by the acidic nature of the tumour environment or the expression of proteases can be designed. Promising results obtained with recent systemic carrier platforms will, in due course, be translated into the clinic for highly efficient and selective PDT protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane A Sibani
- Queens University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vaidya A, Sun Y, Feng Y, Emerson L, Jeong EK, Lu ZR. Contrast-enhanced MRI-guided photodynamic cancer therapy with a pegylated bifunctional polymer conjugate. Pharm Res 2008; 25:2002-11. [PMID: 18584312 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study contrast-enhanced MRI guided photodynamic therapy with a pegylated bifunctional polymer conjugate containing an MRI contrast agent and a photosensitizer for minimally invasive image-guided cancer treatment. METHODS Pegylated and non-pegylated poly-(L-glutamic acid) conjugates containing mesochlorin e6, a photosensitizer, and Gd(III)-DO3A, an MRI contrast agent, were synthesized. The effect of pegylation on the biodistribution and tumor targeting was non-invasively visualized in mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumor xenografts with MRI. MRI-guided photodynamic therapy was carried out in the tumor bearing mice. Tumor response to photodynamic therapy was evaluated by dynamic contrast enhanced MRI and histological analysis. RESULTS The pegylated conjugate had longer blood circulation, lower liver uptake and higher tumor accumulation than the non-pegylated conjugate as shown by MRI. Site-directed laser irradiation of tumors resulted in higher therapeutic efficacy for the pegylated conjugate than the non-pegylated conjugate. Moreover, animals treated with photodynamic therapy showed reduced vascular permeability on DCE-MRI and decreased microvessel density in histological analysis. CONCLUSIONS Pegylation of the polymer bifunctional conjugates reduced non-specific liver uptake and increased tumor uptake, resulting in significant tumor contrast enhancement and high therapeutic efficacy. The pegylated poly(L-glutamic acid) bifunctional conjugate is promising for contrast enhanced MRI guided photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cuchelkar V, Kopečková P, Kopeček J. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Disulfide-Linked HPMA Copolymer-Mesochlorin e6 Conjugates. Macromol Biosci 2008; 8:375-83. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200700240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
31
|
Lu ZR, Ye F, Vaidya A. Polymer platforms for drug delivery and biomedical imaging. J Control Release 2007; 122:269-77. [PMID: 17662500 PMCID: PMC2682637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatible synthetic polymers have demonstrated advantageous pharmacokinetic properties as compared to small molecular agents. Incorporation of low molecular weight therapeutics and imaging agents into biocompatible polymers can optimize their pharmacokinetic properties with improved efficacy of therapy and diagnostic imaging, respectively. We have applied the concept of drug delivery to design safe and effective contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and used biomedical imaging in non-invasive evaluation of drug delivery and image-guided therapy. We summarize here the recent progress in our research on biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents, non-invasive visualization of in vivo drug delivery of polymeric conjugates with contrast enhanced MRI, and contrast enhanced MRI guided photodynamic therapy. The preliminary results have shown that biocompatible polymers can be used as an effective platform for drug delivery and biomedical imaging. Safe and effective imaging agents can be designed by using the concept of polymeric drug delivery. Biomedical imaging can be used as a non-invasive method for the evaluation of in vivo drug delivery of polymeric drug delivery systems. The combination of drug delivery and biomedical imaging can result in image-guided therapies, which include tumor detection, therapy and non-invasive evaluation of therapeutic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Rong Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|