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París-Muñoz A, León-Triana O, Pérez-Martínez A, Barber DF. Helios as a Potential Biomarker in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and New Therapies Based on Immunosuppressive Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:452. [PMID: 38203623 PMCID: PMC10778776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Helios protein (encoded by the IKZF2 gene) is a member of the Ikaros transcription family and it has recently been proposed as a promising biomarker for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease progression in both mouse models and patients. Helios is beginning to be studied extensively for its influence on the T regulatory (Treg) compartment, both CD4+ Tregs and KIR+/Ly49+ CD8+ Tregs, with alterations to the number and function of these cells correlated to the autoimmune phenomenon. This review analyzes the most recent research on Helios expression in relation to the main immune cell populations and its role in SLE immune homeostasis, specifically focusing on the interaction between T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs). This information could be potentially useful in the design of new therapies, with a particular focus on transfer therapies using immunosuppressive cells. Finally, we will discuss the possibility of using nanotechnology for magnetic targeting to overcome some of the obstacles related to these therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés París-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and NanoBiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, Hematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (O.L.-T.); (A.P.-M.)
- IdiPAZ-CNIO Pediatric Onco-Hematology Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Odelaisy León-Triana
- Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, Hematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (O.L.-T.); (A.P.-M.)
- IdiPAZ-CNIO Pediatric Onco-Hematology Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Martínez
- Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, Hematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (O.L.-T.); (A.P.-M.)
- IdiPAZ-CNIO Pediatric Onco-Hematology Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo F. Barber
- Department of Immunology and Oncology and NanoBiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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Bulte JWM, Shakeri-Zadeh A. In Vivo MRI Tracking of Tumor Vaccination and Antigen Presentation by Dendritic Cells. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:198-207. [PMID: 34581954 PMCID: PMC8477715 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccination using tumor antigen-primed dendritic cells (DCs) was introduced in the clinic some 25 years ago, but the overall outcome has not lived up to initial expectations. In addition to the complexity of the immune response, there are many factors that determine the efficacy of DC therapy. These include accurate administration of DCs in the target tissue site without unwanted cell dispersion/backflow, sufficient numbers of tumor antigen-primed DCs homing to lymph nodes (LNs), and proper timing of immunoadjuvant administration. To address these uncertainties, proton (1H) and fluorine (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tracking of ex vivo pre-labeled DCs can now be used to non-invasively determine the accuracy of therapeutic DC injection, initial DC dispersion, systemic DC distribution, and DC migration to and within LNs. Magnetovaccination is an alternative approach that tracks in vivo labeled DCs that simultaneously capture tumor antigen and MR contrast agent in situ, enabling an accurate quantification of antigen presentation to T cells in LNs. The ultimate clinical premise of MRI DC tracking would be to use changes in LN MRI signal as an early imaging biomarker to predict the efficacy of tumor vaccination and anti-tumor response long before treatment outcome becomes apparent, which may aid clinicians with interim treatment management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff W M Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MRB 659, 733 N. Broadway, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA.
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MRB 659, 733 N. Broadway, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA.
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Ali Shakeri-Zadeh
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MRB 659, 733 N. Broadway, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MRB 659, 733 N. Broadway, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA
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Grimaldi AM, Incoronato M, Salvatore M, Soricelli A. Nanoparticle-based strategies for cancer immunotherapy and immunodiagnostics. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2349-2365. [PMID: 28868980 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although recent successes in clinical trials are strengthening research focused on cancer immunology, the poor immunogenicity and off-target side effects of immunotherapeutics remain major challenges in translating these promising approaches to clinically feasible therapies in the treatment of a large range of tumors. Nanotechnology offers target-based approaches, which have shown significant improvements in the rapidly advancing field of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we first discuss the chemical and physical features of nanoparticulate systems that can be tuned to address the anticancer immune response, and then review recent, key examples of the exploited strategies, ranging from nanovaccines to NPs revising the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment, up to immunotherapeutic multimodal NPs. Finally, the paper concludes by identifying the promising and outstanding challenges the field of emerging nanotechnologies is facing for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN, Via Gianturco 113, 80143, Naples, Italy.,Department of Motor Sciences & Healthiness, University of Naples Parthenope, via Medina 40, 80133, Naples, Italy
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Makela AV, Murrell DH, Parkins KM, Kara J, Gaudet JM, Foster PJ. Cellular Imaging With MRI. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 25:177-186. [PMID: 27748707 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an evolving field of imaging with strong translational and research potential. The ability to detect, track, and quantify cells in vivo and over time allows for studying cellular events related to disease processes and may be used as a biomarker for decisions about treatments and for monitoring responses to treatments. In this review, we discuss methods for labeling cells, various applications for cellular MRI, the existing limitations, strategies to address these shortcomings, and clinical cellular MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley V Makela
- *Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute †Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Xu Y, Wu C, Zhu W, Xia C, Wang D, Zhang H, Wu J, Lin G, Wu B, Gong Q, Song B, Ai H. Superparamagnetic MRI probes for in vivo tracking of dendritic cell migration with a clinical 3 T scanner. Biomaterials 2015; 58:63-71. [PMID: 25941783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) based vaccines have shown promising results in the immunotherapy of cancers and other diseases. How to track the in vivo fate of DC vaccines will provide important insights to the final therapeutic results. In this study, we chose magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to track murine DCs migration to the draining lymph node under a clinical 3 T scanner. Different from labeling immature DCs usually reported in literature, this study instead labeled matured DC with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticle based imaging probes. The labeling process did not show negative impacts on cell viability, morphology, and surface biomarker expression. To overcome the imaging challenges brought by the limitations of the scanner, the size of lymph node, and the number of labeled cell, we optimized MRI pulse sequences. As a result, the signal reduction, caused either by gelatin phantoms containing as low as 12 SPIO-laden cells in each voxel or by the homing SPIO-laden DCs within the draining nodes after footpad injection of only 1 × 10(5) cells, can be clearly depicted under a 3 T MR scanner. Overall, the MRI labeling probes offer a low-toxic and high-efficient MR imaging platform for the assessment of DC-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Changqiang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wencheng Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Chunchao Xia
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Houbin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jun Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Gan Lin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hua Ai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Kim HS, Woo J, Lee JH, Joo HJ, Choi Y, Kim H, Moon WK, Kim SJ. In vivo Tracking of Dendritic Cell using MRI Reporter Gene, Ferritin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125291. [PMID: 25993535 PMCID: PMC4439152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The noninvasive imaging of dendritic cells (DCs) migrated into lymph nodes (LNs) can provide helpful information on designing DCs-based immunotherapeutic strategies. This study is to investigate the influence of transduction of human ferritin heavy chain (FTH) and green fluorescence protein (GFP) genes on inherent properties of DCs, and the feasibility of FTH as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reporter gene to track DCs migration into LNs. FTH-DCs were established by the introduction of FTH and GFP genes into the DC cell line (DC2.4) using lentivirus. The changes in the rate of MRI signal decay (R2*) resulting from FTH transduction were analyzed in cell phantoms as well as popliteal LN of mice after subcutaneous injection of those cells into hind limb foot pad by using a multiple gradient echo sequence on a 9.4 T MR scanner. The transduction of FTH and GFP did not influence the proliferation and migration abilities of DCs. The expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80 and CD86) in FTH-DCs was similar to that of DCs. FTH-DCs exhibited increased iron storage capacity, and displayed a significantly higher transverse relaxation rate (R2*) as compared to DCs in phantom. LNs with FTH-DCs exhibited negative contrast, leading to a high R2* in both in vivo and ex vivo T2*-weighted images compared to DCs. On histological analysis FTH-DCs migrated to the subcapsular sinus and the T cell zone of LN, where they highly expressed CD25 to bind and stimulate T cells. Our study addresses the feasibility of FTH as an MRI reporter gene to track DCs migration into LNs without alteration of their inherent properties. This study suggests that FTH-based MRI could be a useful technique to longitudinally monitor DCs and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of DC-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoe Suk Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jisu Woo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Joo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - YoonSeok Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Moon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (WKM); (SJK)
| | - Seung Ja Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University, Boramae Medical Center, 20 Boramae-ro, Dongjag-gu, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (WKM); (SJK)
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Ribot EJ, Duriez TJ, Trotier AJ, Thiaudiere E, Franconi JM, Miraux S. Self-gated bSSFP sequences to detect iron-labeled cancer cells and/or metastases in vivo in mouse liver at 7 Tesla. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 41:1413-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emeline J. Ribot
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536, CNRS-Université Bordeaux; France
| | - Tom J. Duriez
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536, CNRS-Université Bordeaux; France
| | - Aurélien J. Trotier
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536, CNRS-Université Bordeaux; France
| | - Eric Thiaudiere
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536, CNRS-Université Bordeaux; France
| | - Jean-Michel Franconi
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536, CNRS-Université Bordeaux; France
| | - Sylvain Miraux
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536, CNRS-Université Bordeaux; France
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Gramoun A, Crowe LA, Maurizi L, Wirth W, Tobalem F, Grosdemange K, Coullerez G, Eckstein F, Koenders MI, Van den Berg WB, Hofmann H, Vallée JP. Monitoring the effects of dexamethasone treatment by MRI using in vivo iron oxide nanoparticle-labeled macrophages. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R131. [PMID: 24957862 PMCID: PMC4095600 DOI: 10.1186/ar4588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease causing recurring inflammatory joint attacks. These attacks are characterized by macrophage infiltration contributing to joint destruction. Studies have shown that RA treatment efficacy is correlated to synovial macrophage number. The aim of this study was to experimentally validate the use of in vivo superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) labeled macrophages to evaluate RA treatment by MRI. Methods The evolution of macrophages was monitored with and without dexamethasone (Dexa) treatment in rats. Two doses of 3 and 1 mg/kg Dexa were administered two and five days following induction of antigen induced arthritis. SPIONs (7 mg Fe/rat) were injected intravenously and the knees were imaged in vivo on days 6, 10 and 13. The MR images were scored for three parameters: SPION signal intensity, SPION distribution pattern and synovial oedema. Using 3D semi-automated software, the MR SPION signal was quantified. The efficacy of SPIONs and gadolinium chelate (Gd), an MR contrast agent, in illustrating treatment effects were compared. Those results were confirmed through histological measurements of number and area of macrophages and nanoparticle clusters using CD68 immunostaining and Prussian blue staining respectively. Results Results show that the pattern and the intensity of SPION-labeled macrophages on MRI were altered by Dexa treatment. While the Dexa group had a uniform elliptical line surrounding an oedema pocket, the untreated group showed a diffused SPION distribution on day 6 post-induction. Dexa reduced the intensity of SPION signal 50-60% on days 10 and 13 compared to controls (P = 0.00008 and 0.002 respectively). Similar results were found when the signal was measured by the 3D tool. On day 13, the persisting low grade arthritis progression could not be demonstrated by Gd. Analysis of knee samples by Prussian blue and CD68 immunostaining confirmed in vivo SPION uptake by macrophages. Furthermore, CD68 immunostaining revealed that Dexa treatment significantly decreased the area and number of synovial macrophages. Prussian blue quantification corresponded to the macrophage measurements and both were in agreement with the MRI findings. Conclusions We have demonstrated the feasibility of MRI tracking of in vivo SPION-labeled macrophages to assess RA treatment effects.
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Gómez-Cabañas L, Delgado-Martín C, López-Cotarelo P, Escribano-Diaz C, Alonso-C LM, Riol-Blanco L, Rodríguez-Fernández JL. Detecting apoptosis of leukocytes in mouse lymph nodes. Nat Protoc 2014; 9:1102-12. [PMID: 24743418 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2014.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although there are multiple methods for analyzing apoptosis in cultured cells, methodologies for analyzing apoptosis in vivo are sparse. In this protocol, we describe how to detect apoptosis of leukocytes in mouse lymph nodes (LNs) via the detection of apoptotic caspases. We have previously used this protocol to study factors that modulate dendritic cell (DC) survival in LNs; however, it can also be used to analyze other leukocytes that migrate to the LNs. DCs labeled with a fluorescent cell tracker are subcutaneously injected in the posterior footpads of mice. Once the labeled DCs reach the popliteal LN (PLN), the animals are intravenously injected with FLIVO, a permeant fluorescent reagent that selectively marks active caspases and consequently apoptotic cells. Explanted PLNs are then examined under a two-photon microscope to look for the presence of apoptotic cells among the DCs injected. The protocol requires 6-6.5 h for preparation and analysis plus an additional 34-40 h to allow apoptosis of the injected DCs in the PLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gómez-Cabañas
- 1] Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain. [2]
| | - Cristina Delgado-Martín
- 1] Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain. [2]
| | - Pilar López-Cotarelo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Escribano-Diaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Alonso-C
- Centro de Microscopía y Citometría, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Riol-Blanco
- 1] Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain. [2]
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Wu Y, Briley-Saebo K, Xie J, Zhang R, Wang Z, He C, Tang CY, Tao X. Inflammatory bowel disease: MR- and SPECT/CT-based macrophage imaging for monitoring and evaluating disease activity in experimental mouse model--pilot study. Radiology 2014; 271:400-7. [PMID: 24475849 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.13122254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) to visualize the in vivo recruitment of iron oxide-labeled macrophages and indium 111 ((111)In)-labeled macrophages in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to monitor disease activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study had institutional animal care and use committee approval. Twenty-seven C57/B6 mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced IBD and control mice were included. Peritoneal macrophages were harvested from seven thioglycollate-treated mice and were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles. Macrophage iron content was determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. SPIO nanoparticle-labeled macrophages (5 × 10(6)) were intravenously administered. Mice with DSS-induced IBD (n = 8) and control mice (n = 6) were imaged with a 9.4-T MR imaging unit at 0, 5, and 24 hours after macrophage administration. Percentage normalized enhancement (NE) was calculated for the intestinal wall and liver 24 hours after injection. Six mice with IBD coinjected with SPIO nanoparticles and (111)In oxine-labeled macrophages were imaged with MR imaging and SPECT/CT after 24 hours. The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the implanted macrophages were determined. Correlation between percentage NE and IBD scores was calculated. RESULTS Ex vivo mass spectrometry revealed strong SPIO nanoparticle uptake (7.4 pg iron per cell). R2* correlated with cell number (r = 0.9813, P < .05). Percentage NE correlated with both clinical (r = 0.924) and pathologic (r = 0.795) IBD score. Cell circulation half-life in the first and second phases was 0.32 hour and 10.2 hours, respectively. SPECT/CT showed that approximately 3% of the injected dose was present in the intestines 24 hours after injection; this was confirmed at MR imaging and histologic examination. Indium 111-labeled cells were present in all tissue associated with the reticuloendothelial system or mononuclear phagocyte system at 24 hours. CONCLUSION SPIO nanoparticles and (111)In-labeled macrophages could be observed in vivo at MR imaging and SPECT/CT in mice with IBD. Percentage NE at MR imaging correlates with disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Wu
- From the Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China 200011 (Y.W., X.T.); Department of Radiology, East Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.W., Z.W.); Department of Radiology (K.B., C.Y.T.), Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute (R.Z.), and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics (C.H.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (J.X.)
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11
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Joo HJ, Kim HS, Choi YS, Kim H, Kim SJ, Moon WK. Detection of prostaglandin E2-induced dendritic cell migration into the lymph nodes of mice using a 1.5 T clinical MR scanner. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 25:570-579. [PMID: 22009917 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The control of dendritic cell (DC) migration into lymph nodes (LNs) is important for the development of more effective DC-based immunotherapies. This study was undertaken to evaluate, dynamically and noninvasively, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-enhanced migration of DCs using a 1.5 T clinical MR scanner. DC2.4 cells were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO), a clinically approved MRI contrast agent. DCs were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ in the presence or absence of PGE2. Before and after subcutaneous injection of labeled DCs into the hind leg footpads of mice, MRI detailing the extent of DC migration into popliteal LNs was performed using a 1.5 T clinical MR scanner. SPIO labeling did not influence the viability, endocytic activity, migratory ability and/or co-stimulatory molecule expression of DCs. PGE2 enhanced significantly chemokine receptor-7 expression and the migration of DCs (p < 0.05). After subcutaneous injection of DCs, there were decreases in MR signal intensity in popliteal LNs at 24 h post-injection; in PGE2-treated cells, the MR signal intensity was significantly lower (decrease of 86.6 ± 2.5%) than in PGE2-untreated cells (decrease of 70.0 ± 4.2%) (p < 0.05). Histological analyses with the conventionally used Prussian blue stain demonstrated that the PGE2-treated DCs migrated more deeply into the center of LNs. PGE2-enhanced migration of SPIO-labeled DCs into LNs can be detected using a 1.5 T clinical MR scanner. Our results suggest that in vivo MRI of DC migration is a useful imaging method to predict DC therapy with a high rate of efficacy and to improve DC-based immunotherapy, thereby reducing costs compared with current treatments in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Joo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Schwarz S, Wong JE, Bornemann J, Hodenius M, Himmelreich U, Richtering W, Hoehn M, Zenke M, Hieronymus T. Polyelectrolyte coating of iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI-based cell tracking. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 8:682-91. [PMID: 21893141 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Iron oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) offer unique properties for cell tracking by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in cellular immunotherapy. In this study, we investigated the uptake of chemically engineered NPs into antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs). DCs are expected to perceive MNPs as foreign antigens, thus exhibiting the capability to immunologically sense MNP surface chemistry. To systematically evaluate cellular uptake and T2/T2(⁎) MR imaging properties of MNPs, we synthesized polymer-based MNPs by employing layer-by-layer (LbL) technology. Thereby, we achieved modification of particle shell parameters, such as size, surface charge, and chemistry. We found that subcellular packaging of MNPs rather than MNP content in DCs influences MR imaging quality. Increased local intracellular electron density as inferred from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) strongly correlated with enhanced contrast in MRI. Thus, LbL-tailoring of MNP shells using polyelectrolytes that impact on uptake and subcellular localization can be used for modulating MR imaging properties. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In this study, layer-by-layer tailoring of magnetic NP shells was performed using polyelectrolytes to improve uptake by dendritic cells for cell-specific MR imaging. The authors conclude that polyelectrolyte modified NP-s can be used for modulating improving MR imaging quality by increasing subcellular localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schwarz
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Martelli C, Borelli M, Ottobrini L, Rainone V, Degrassi A, Russo M, Gianelli U, Bosari S, Fiorini C, Trabattoni D, Clerici M, Lucignani G. In Vivo Imaging of Lymph Node Migration of MNP- and 111In-Labeled Dendritic Cells in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Breast Cancer (MMTV-Ras). Mol Imaging Biol 2011; 14:183-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-011-0496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rey-Gallardo A, Delgado-Martín C, Gerardy-Schahn R, Rodríguez-Fernández JL, Vega MA. Polysialic acid is required for neuropilin-2a/b-mediated control of CCL21-driven chemotaxis of mature dendritic cells and for their migration in vivo. Glycobiology 2011; 21:655-62. [PMID: 21199821 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration of mature dendritic cells (mDCs) to secondary lymphoid organs is required for the development of immunity. Recently, we reported that polysialic acid (PSA) and the transmembrane glycoprotein neuropilin-2 (NRP2) control mDC chemotaxis to CCL21 and that this process is dependent on the C-terminal basic region of the chemokine. Herein, we provide further insight into the molecular components controlling PSA regulated chemotaxis in mDCs. In the present study, we demonstrate that human mDCs express the NRP2 isoforms NRP2a and NRP2b, that both of them are susceptible to polysialylation and that polysialylation is required to specifically enhance chemotaxis toward CCL21 in mDCs. The results presented suggest that PSA attached to NRP2 isoforms acts as a binding module for the CCL21 chemokine, thereby facilitating its presentation to the chemokine receptor CCR7. To investigate the relevance of polysialylation on mDC migration, a xenograft mouse model was used and the migration of human DCs to mouse lymph nodes analyzed. Here, we demonstrate that the depletion of PSA from mDCs results in a drastic reduction in the migration of the cells to draining popliteal lymph nodes. With this finding, we provide first evidence that PSA is a crucial factor for in vivo migration of mDCs to lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rey-Gallardo
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular y Biología de las Infecciones, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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