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Tkáč I, Xie T, Shah N, Larson S, Dubinsky JM, Gomez-Pastor R, McLoughlin HS, Orr HT, Eberly LE, Öz G. Regional sex differences in neurochemical profiles of healthy mice measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 9.4 tesla. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1278828. [PMID: 37954878 PMCID: PMC10634209 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1278828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine sex differences in the neurochemical concentrations measured by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) of healthy mice on a genetic background commonly used for neurodegenerative disease models. Methods 1H MRS data collected from wild type mice with C57BL/6 or related genetic backgrounds in seven prior studies were used in this retrospective analysis. To be included, data had to be collected at 9.4 tesla magnetic field using advanced 1H MRS protocols, with isoflurane anesthesia and similar animal handling protocols, and a similar number of datasets from male and female mice had to be available for the brain regions analyzed. Overall, 155 spectra from female mice and 166 spectra from male mice (321 in total), collected from six brain regions (brainstem, cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and striatum) at various ages were included. Results Concentrations of taurine, total creatine (creatine + phosphocreatine), ascorbate, glucose and glutamate were consistently higher in male vs. female mice in most brain regions. Striatum was an exception with similar total creatine in male and female mice. The sex difference pattern in the hypothalamus was notably different from other regions. Interaction between sex and age was significant for total creatine and taurine in the cerebellum and hippocampus. Conclusion Sex differences in regional neurochemical levels are small but significant and age-dependent, with consistent male-female differences across most brain regions. The neuroendocrine region hypothalamus displays a different pattern of sex differences in neurochemical levels. Differences in energy metabolism and cellular density may underlie the differences, with higher metabolic rates in females and higher osmoregulatory and antioxidant capacity in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Tkáč
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Tiankai Xie
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Nitya Shah
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sarah Larson
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Janet M. Dubinsky
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Harry T. Orr
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lynn E. Eberly
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Gülin Öz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Zhao W, Han Y, Shao D, Han C, Tian Y, Huang Q. Effects of ultra-strong static magnetic field on the gut microbiota of humans and mice. Bioelectromagnetics 2023; 44:211-220. [PMID: 37655442 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
To explore the effect of ultra-strong static magnetic field on gut microbiota, 16 T static magnetic field was used to study the changes in the structure and composition of human and mouse gut microbiota in this environment. In the mouse gut microbiota, at the genus level, the magnetic field significantly decreased the relative abundances of Escherichia-Shigella, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, Parasutterella, and Ralstonia and significantly increased those of Parabacteroides, Alloprevotella, Alistipes, Odoribacter, Bacteroides, Mucispirillum, Sutterella, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001. Similarly, at the genus level, the relative abundances of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Romboutsia, and Streptococcus significantly decreased in the human gut microbiota. Contrary to the changing trend of the abundance in the mouse gut, the abundances of Bacteroides and Parabacteroides in the human gut were significantly reduced under magnetic field. The BugBase phenotypic prediction analysis showed that the relative abundances of five phenotypes, including anaerobism, mobile elements, potential pathogenicity, stress-tolerant, and biofilm formation, changed significantly in the mouse gut microbiota, while the relative abundances of two phenotypes, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative phenotypes, changed significantly in the human gut microbiota. The 16 T magnetic field could differently affect the composition, structure, and phenotypes of gut microbiota in human and mice, suggesting the importance of model selection in studying the biological effects of magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yijuan Han
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongyan Shao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cuicui Han
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yixiao Tian
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingsheng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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Yang X, Yu B, Xi C, Song C, Yang R, Wang W, Wang X, Zhang X, Feng C, Wang X, Cheng G, Chen Y, Zhu Y. A safety study on ultra‑high or moderate static magnetic fields combined with platycodin D against lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:453. [PMID: 37720665 PMCID: PMC10502950 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the serious side effects of chemotherapy drugs against lung cancer, and the antitumor properties and high safety of magnetic fields, the present study combined moderate or ultra-high intensity statics magnetic fields (SMFs) with platycodin D (PD) to explore the antitumor efficiency and biosafety. The antitumor effects of PD with or without moderate and ultra-high SMFs on A549 cells bearing mice were compared. Mouse body weight, food/water intake, hematology routine, blood biochemistry, tumor weight and tissues hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were examined. Behavior was measured using the elevated plus maze, open field and vital signs tests. The combined targets of PD and SMFs were detected using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). The results showed that the antitumor effect of 22 Tesla (T) SMF group was 3.6-fold higher compared with that of the 2 mg/kg PD group (tumor growth inhibition=10.08%), while the antitumor effect of 150 mT SMF was only 1.56-fold higher compared with that of PD. Although PD reduced the food intake, there was no significant difference in body weight, water intake or food consumption among PD and SMF groups. Behavioral results indicated that PD ameliorated dysphoria in mice, but SMFs reduced this effect. However, no significant abnormalities were found in routine blood, blood biochemistry test, H&E staining or organ index, except renal index which was reduced by PD with or without SMFs. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) demonstrated that SMFs and PD synergistically targeted the expression of genes associated with tumor growth, inflammation and neurological disease. The present study showed the antitumor efficacy and biosafety of moderate or ultra-high SMF combined with PD, which exhibited only few side effects in the treatment of lung cancer, thus supporting further research for the clinical application of magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Yang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Biao Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Chuanying Xi
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Chao Song
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Xuhan Zhang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Chuanlin Feng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Guofeng Cheng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Yansong Chen
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhu
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
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Manno FAM, Cheung P, Basnet V, Khan MS, Mao Y, Pan L, Ma V, Cho WC, Tian S, An Z, Feng Y, Cai YL, Pienkowski M, Lau C. Subtle alterations of vestibulomotor functioning in conductive hearing loss. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1057551. [PMID: 37706156 PMCID: PMC10495589 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1057551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Conductive hearing loss (CHL) attenuates the ability to transmit air conducted sounds to the ear. In humans, severe hearing loss is often accompanied by alterations to other neural systems, such as the vestibular system; however, the inter-relations are not well understood. The overall goal of this study was to assess vestibular-related functioning proxies in a rat CHL model. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats (N=134, 250g, 2months old) were used in a CHL model which produced a >20dB threshold shift induced by tympanic membrane puncture. Auditory brainstem response (ABRs) recordings were used to determine threshold depth at different times before and after CHL. ABR threshold depths were assessed both manually and by an automated ABR machine learning algorithm. Vestibular-related functioning proxy assessment was performed using the rotarod, balance beam, elevator vertical motion (EVM) and Ferris-wheel rotation (FWR) assays. Results The Pre-CHL (control) threshold depth was 27.92dB±11.58dB compared to the Post-CHL threshold depth of 50.69dB±13.98dB (mean±SD) across the frequencies tested. The automated ABR machine learning algorithm determined the following threshold depths: Pre-CHL=24.3dB, Post-CHL same day=56dB, Post-CHL 7 days=41.16dB, and Post-CHL 1 month=32.5dB across the frequencies assessed (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32kHz). Rotarod assessment of motor function was not significantly different between pre and post-CHL (~1week) rats for time duration (sec) or speed (RPM), albeit the former had a small effect size difference. Balance beam time to transverse was significantly longer for post-CHL rats, likely indicating a change in motor coordination. Further, failure to cross was only noted for CHL rats. The defection count was significantly reduced for CHL rats compared to control rats following FWR, but not EVM. The total distance traveled during open-field examination after EVM was significantly different between control and CHL rats, but not for FWR. The EVM is associated with linear acceleration (acting in the vertical plane: up-down) stimulating the saccule, while the FWR is associated with angular acceleration (centrifugal rotation about a circular axis) stimulating both otolith organs and semicircular canals; therefore, the difference in results could reflect the specific vestibular-organ functional role. Discussion Less movement (EVM) and increase time to transverse (balance beam) may be associated with anxiety and alterations to defecation patterns (FWR) may result from autonomic disturbances due to the impact of hearing loss. In this regard, vestibulomotor deficits resulting in changes in balance and motion could be attributed to comodulation of auditory and vestibular functioning. Future studies should manipulate vestibular functioning directly in rats with CHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis A. M. Manno
- Department of Physics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Imaging Science, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Advanced Nuclear Safety and Sustainable Development, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pikting Cheung
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vardhan Basnet
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Yuqi Mao
- Department of Nautical Injury Prevention, Faculty of Navy Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Pan
- Department of Nautical Injury Prevention, Faculty of Navy Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Victor Ma
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shile Tian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqi An
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqiu Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing and Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ling Cai
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Martin Pienkowski
- Osborne College of Audiology, Salus University, Elkins Park, PA, United States
| | - Condon Lau
- Center for Advanced Nuclear Safety and Sustainable Development, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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5
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Bartikofsky D, Hertz MJ, Bauer DS, Altschuler R, King WM, Stewart CE. Balance beam crossing times are slower after noise exposure in rats. Front Integr Neurosci 2023; 17:1196477. [PMID: 37497526 PMCID: PMC10368468 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2023.1196477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The vestibular system integrates signals related to vision, head position, gravity, motion, and body position to provide stability during motion through the environment. Disruption in any of these systems can reduce agility and lead to changes in ability to safely navigate one's environment. Causes of vestibular decline are diverse; however, excessive noise exposure can lead to otolith organ dysfunction. Specifically, 120 decibel (dB) sound pressure level (SPL) 1.5 kHz-centered 3-octave band noise (1.5 kHz 3OBN) causes peripheral vestibular dysfunction in rats, measured by vestibular short-latency evoked potential (VsEP) and reduced calretinin-immunolabeling of calyx-only afferent terminals in the striolar region of the saccule. The present study examined the functional impact of this noise exposure condition, examining changes in motor performance after noise exposure with a balance beam crossing task. Methods Balance beam crossing time in rats was assessed for 19 weeks before and 5 weeks after noise exposure. Balance beam crossings were scored to assess proficiency in the task. When animals were proficient, they received a single exposure to 120 dB SPL 3-octave band noise. Results During the initial training phase slower crossing times and higher scores, including multiple failures were observed. This was followed by a period of significant improvement leading to proficiency, characterized by fast and stable crossing times and consistently low scores. After noise exposure, crossing times were significantly elevated from baseline for 4-weeks. A total of 5 weeks after noise exposure, crossing times improved, and though still trending higher than baseline, they were no longer significantly different from baseline. Discussion These findings show that the noise-induced peripheral vestibular changes we previously observed at cellular and electro-physiological levels also have an impact at a functional level. It has been previously shown that imbalance is associated with slower walking speed in older adults and aged rats. These findings in noise-exposed rats may have implications for people who experience noisy environments and for seniors with a history of noise exposure who also experience balance disorders and may be at increased fall risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Bartikofsky
- Lieutenant Colonel Charles S. Kettles VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mikayla Jade Hertz
- Lieutenant Colonel Charles S. Kettles VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David S. Bauer
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head-Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Richard Altschuler
- Lieutenant Colonel Charles S. Kettles VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head-Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - W. Michael King
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head-Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Liu C, Lu S, Liu S, Dong C, Chen Y, Xiao L, Zong Y, Zhang H, Liao A. 11.4 T ultra-high static magnetic field has no effect on morphology but induces upregulation of TNF signaling pathway based on transcriptome analysis in zebrafish embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114754. [PMID: 36931084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners with ultra-high field (UHF) have optimal performance, scientists have been working to develop high-performance devices with strong magnetic fields to improve their diagnostic potential. However, whether an MRI scanner with UHF poses a risk to the safety of the organism require further evaluation. This study evaluated the effects of 11.4 Tesla (T) UHF on embryonic development using a zebrafish model. Multiple approaches, including morphological parameters, physiological behaviors, and analyses of the transcriptome at the molecular level, were determined during 5 days after laboratory-controlled exposure from 6 hour post fertilization (hpf) to 24 hpf. No significant effects were observed in embryo mortality, hatching rate, body length, Left-Right patterning, locomotor behavior, etc. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed up-regulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inflammatory factors and activated TNF signaling pathways in the 11.4 T exposure group. The results were further validated using qPCR. Our findings indicate that although UHF exposure under 11.4 T has no effect on the development of zebrafish embryos, it has specific effects on the immune response that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China; Cross Research Platform of Electromagnetics and Reproductive Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China.
| | - Shi Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Chao Dong
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyao Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Zong
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China; Cross Research Platform of Electromagnetics and Reproductive Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China.
| | - Aihua Liao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China; Cross Research Platform of Electromagnetics and Reproductive Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, P.R. China.
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7
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Ladd ME, Quick HH, Speck O, Bock M, Doerfler A, Forsting M, Hennig J, Ittermann B, Möller HE, Nagel AM, Niendorf T, Remy S, Schaeffter T, Scheffler K, Schlemmer HP, Schmitter S, Schreiber L, Shah NJ, Stöcker T, Uder M, Villringer A, Weiskopf N, Zaiss M, Zaitsev M. Germany's journey toward 14 Tesla human magnetic resonance. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 36:191-210. [PMID: 37029886 PMCID: PMC10140098 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-023-01085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sites within Germany operate human MRI systems with magnetic fields either at 7 Tesla or 9.4 Tesla. In 2013, these sites formed a network to facilitate and harmonize the research being conducted at the different sites and make this technology available to a larger community of researchers and clinicians not only within Germany, but also worldwide. The German Ultrahigh Field Imaging (GUFI) network has defined a strategic goal to establish a 14 Tesla whole-body human MRI system as a national research resource in Germany as the next progression in magnetic field strength. This paper summarizes the history of this initiative, the current status, the motivation for pursuing MR imaging and spectroscopy at such a high magnetic field strength, and the technical and funding challenges involved. It focuses on the scientific and science policy process from the perspective in Germany, and is not intended to be a comprehensive systematic review of the benefits and technical challenges of higher field strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Ladd
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Harald H Quick
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- High-Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bock
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arnd Doerfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Forsting
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hennig
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Medical Physics and Metrological Information Technology, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald E Möller
- Methods and Development Group Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Remy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schaeffter
- Medical Physics and Metrological Information Technology, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Schmitter
- Medical Physics and Metrological Information Technology, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Schreiber
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - N Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - 4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- MR Physics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Weiskopf
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maxim Zaitsev
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Boulant N, Quettier L. Commissioning of the Iseult CEA 11.7 T whole-body MRI: current status, gradient-magnet interaction tests and first imaging experience. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 36:175-189. [PMID: 36715884 PMCID: PMC10140097 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-023-01063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Iseult MRI is an actively shielded whole-body magnet providing a homogeneous and stable magnetic field of 11.7 T. After nearly 20 years of research and development, the magnet successfully reached its target field strength for the first time in 2019. This article reviews its commissioning status, the gradient-magnet interaction test results and first imaging experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS Vibration, acoustics, power deposition in the He bath, and field monitoring measurements were carried out. Magnet safety system was tested against outer magnetic perturbations, and calibrated to define a safe operation of the gradient coil. First measurements using parallel transmission were also performed on an ex-vivo brain to mitigate the RF field inhomogeneity effect. RESULTS Acoustics measurements show promising results with sound pressure levels slightly above the enforced limits only at certain frequency intervals. Vibrations of the gradient coil revealed a linear trend with the B0 field only in the worst case. Field monitoring revealed some resonances at some frequencies that are still under investigation. DISCUSSION Gradient-magnet interaction tests at up to 11.7 T are concluded. The scanner is now kept permanently at field and the final calibrations are on-going to pave the road towards the first acquisitions on volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Boulant
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, NeuroSpin, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
| | - Lionel Quettier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Irfu, Département des Accélérateurs, de la Cryogénie et du Magnétisme, Gif Sur Yvette, France
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9
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Nordin AH, Ahmad Z, Husna SMN, Ilyas RA, Azemi AK, Ismail N, Nordin ML, Ngadi N, Siti NH, Nabgan W, Norfarhana AS, Azami MSM. The State of the Art of Natural Polymer Functionalized Fe 3O 4 Magnetic Nanoparticle Composites for Drug Delivery Applications: A Review. Gels 2023; 9:121. [PMID: 36826291 PMCID: PMC9957034 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers have received a great deal of interest for their potential use in the encapsulation and transportation of pharmaceuticals and other bioactive compounds for disease treatment. In this perspective, the drug delivery systems (DDS) constructed by representative natural polymers from animals (gelatin and hyaluronic acid), plants (pectin and starch), and microbes (Xanthan gum and Dextran) are provided. In order to enhance the efficiency of polymers in DDS by delivering the medicine to the right location, reducing the medication's adverse effects on neighboring organs or tissues, and controlling the medication's release to stop the cycle of over- and under-dosing, the incorporation of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with the polymers has engaged the most consideration due to their rare characteristics, such as easy separation, superparamagnetism, and high surface area. This review is designed to report the recent progress of natural polymeric Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles in drug delivery applications, based on different polymers' origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hassan Nordin
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Zuliahani Ahmad
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Siti Muhamad Nur Husna
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Khusairi Azemi
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Noraznawati Ismail
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Luqman Nordin
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Centre for Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine (NanoVet), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norzita Ngadi
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nordin Hawa Siti
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Walid Nabgan
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Abd Samad Norfarhana
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Politeknik Tun Syed Nasir Syed Ismail, Pagoh Education Hub, Pagoh Muar 84600, Johor, Malaysia
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10
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Zhang B, Yuan X, Lv H, Che J, Wang S, Shang P. Biophysical mechanisms underlying the effects of static magnetic fields on biological systems. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 177:14-23. [PMID: 36240898 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread use of static magnetic fields (SMFs) in medicine, it is imperative to explore the biological effects of SMFs and the mechanisms underlying their effects on biological systems. The presence of magnetic materials within cells and organisms could affect various biological metabolism and processes, including stress responses, proliferation, and structural alignment. SMFs were generally found to be safe at the organ and organism levels. However. human subjects exposed to strong SMFs have reported side effects. In this review, we combined the magnetic properties of biological samples to illustrate the mechanism of action of SMFs on biological systems from a biophysical point of view. We suggest that the mechanisms of action of SMFs on biological systems mainly include the induction of electric fields and currents, generation of magnetic effects, and influence of electron spins. An electrolyte flowing in a static magnetic field generates an induced current and an electric field. Magnetomechanical effects include orientation effects upon subjecting biological samples to SMFs and movement of biological samples in strong field gradients. SMFs are thought to affect biochemical reaction rates and yields by influencing electron spin. This paper helps people how can harness the favorable biological effects of SMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xichen Yuan
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Taicang, 215400, China
| | - Huanhuan Lv
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jingmin Che
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China; School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Shenghang Wang
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China; Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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11
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MacIver MB. Consciousness and inward electromagnetic field interactions. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:1032339. [DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1032339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic field (EMF) theories of mind/brain integration have been proposed to explain brain function for over seventy years. Interest in this theory continues to this day because it explains mind-brain integration and it offers a simple solution to the “binding problem” of our unified conscious experience. Thus, it addresses at least in part the “hard problem” of consciousness. EMFs are easily measured and many corelates have been noted for field activity; associated with loss and recovery of consciousness, sensory perceptions, and behavior. Unfortunately, the theory was challenged early on by experiments that were thought to have ruled out a role of EMFs in brain activity, and the field of neuroscience has since marginalized EMF theories. Here I explain why early evidence against EMFs contributing to consciousness was misinterpreted and offer an alternative view to help direct future research.
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12
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Yang X, Yu B, Song C, Feng C, Zhang J, Wang X, Cheng G, Yang R, Wang W, Zhu Y. The Effect of Long-Term Moderate Static Magnetic Field Exposure on Adult Female Mice. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111585. [PMID: 36358286 PMCID: PMC9687991 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Because of the high cost and safety of ultra-high magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), its application has certain limitations. Whereas 0.5−3 T MRI has been widely applied in hospitals, static magnetic fields (SMFs) have been shown to improve mice mental health and have anti-tumor potentials. Here, we compared the effects of the upward and downward 150 mT SMF groups with the sham group on C57BL/6J adult female mice. Locomotor and exploratory activity were also measured by behavioral tests, including the open field and elevated plus test. Additionally, physiology, pathology indicators and gut microbiota were examined. We found that 150 mT SMFs long-term exposure enhanced locomotive and exploratory activity of mice, especially the downward 150 mT SMF. Compared with the downward 150 mT SMF group, the movement speed and distance in the center area of the sham group were increased by 65.99% (p < 0.0001) and 68.58% (p = 0.0038), respectively. Moreover, compared to the sham group, downward 150 mT SMF increased the number of entrances to the center area by 67.0% (p = 0.0082) and time in the center area by 77.12% (p = 0.0054). Additionally, we observed that upward 150 mT SMF improved the number of follicles (~2.5 times, p = 0.0325) and uterine glands through increasing the total antioxidant capacity and reducing lipid peroxidation level in mice. Gut microbiome analysis showed that 150 mT SMFs long-term exposure improved the microbiota abundance (Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Ralstonia and Yaniella) in the genus level, which may affect metabolism, anxiety and behavior in adult female mice. Our results demonstrated that 150 mT SMFs long-term exposure not only had good biosafety, but also improved athletic performance, emotion and the function of ovarian, uterine and gut microbiota abundance in adult female mice, which unraveled the potential of moderate long-term SMF exposure in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Biao Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chao Song
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chuanlin Feng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Guofeng Cheng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
- Correspondence:
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Cheng L, Yang B, Du H, Zhou T, Li Y, Wu J, Cao Z, Xu A. Moderate intensity of static magnetic fields can alter the avoidance behavior and fat storage of Caenorhabditis elegans via serotonin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:43102-43113. [PMID: 35092591 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Man-made static magnetic fields (SMFs) widely exist in human life as a physical environmental factor. However, the biological responses to moderate SMFs exposure and their underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. The present study was focused on exploring the nervous responses to moderate-intensity SMFs at 0.5 T and 1 T in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). We found that SMFs at either 0.5 T or 1 T had no statistically significant effects on the locomotor behaviors, while the 1 T magnetic field increased pharyngeal pumping. The avoidance behavior of the pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa was greatly decreased in either 0.5 T or 1 T SMFs exposed nematodes, and the learning index was reducede from 0.52 ± 0.11 to 0.23 ± 0.17 and 0.16 ± 0.11, respectively. The total serotonin level was increased by 17.08% and 16.45% with the treatment of 0.5 T and 1 T SMF, compared to the control group; however, there were minimal effects of SMFs on other three neurotransmitters including choline, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine. RT-qPCR was used to further investigate the expression of serotonin-related genes, including rate-limiting enzymes, transcription factors and transport receptors. The expression levels of tph-1 and unc-86 genes were increased by SMF exposure, while those of ocr-2, osm-9, ser-1 and mod-1 genes were decreased. With the staining of lipid in either wild-type N2 or tph-1 mutants, we found that 0.5 T and 1 T SMFs decreased fat storage in C. elegans via serotonin pathway. Our study demonstrated that moderate-intensity SMFs induced neurobehavioral disorder and the reduction of fat storage by disturbing the secretion of serotonin in C. elegans, which provided new insights into elucidating nervous responses of C. elegans to moderate-intensity SMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, The Anhui High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Baolin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, The Anhui High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Hua Du
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, The Anhui High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, The Anhui High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, The Anhui High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Jiajie Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, The Anhui High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Zhenxiao Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, The Anhui High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - An Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, The Anhui High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China.
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14
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Huang L, Xiao D, Sun H, Qu Y, Su X. Behavioral tests for evaluating the characteristics of brain diseases in rodent models: Optimal choices for improved outcomes (Review). Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:183. [PMID: 35348193 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral assessment is the dominant approach for evaluating whether animal models of brain diseases can successfully mimic the clinical characteristics of diseases. At present, most research regarding brain diseases involves the use of rodent models. While studies have reported numerous methods of behavioral assessments in rodent models of brain diseases, each with different principles, procedures, and assessment criteria, only few reviews have focused on characterizing and differentiating these methods based on applications for which they are most appropriate. Therefore, in the present review, the representative behavioral tests in rodent models of brain diseases were compared and differentiated, aiming to provide convenience for researchers in selecting the optimal methods for their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Huang
- Department of Pediatrics/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Dongqiong Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Pediatrics/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Su
- Department of Pediatrics/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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15
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Khan MH, Huang X, Tian X, Ouyang C, Wang D, Feng S, Chen J, Xue T, Bao J, Zhang X. Short- and long-term effects of 3.5-23.0 Tesla ultra-high magnetic fields on mice behaviour. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:5596-5605. [PMID: 35294587 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Higher static magnetic field (SMF) enables higher imaging capability in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which encourages the development of ultra-high field MRIs above 20 T with a prerequisite for safety issues. However, animal tests of ≥ 20 T SMF exposure are very limited. The objective of the current study is to evaluate mice behaviour consequences of 3.5-23.0 T SMF exposure. METHODS We systematically examined 112 mice for their short- and long-term behaviour responses to a 2-h exposure of 3.5-23.0 T SMFs. Locomotor activity and cognitive functions were measured by five behaviour tests, including balance beam, open field, elevated plus maze, three-chamber social recognition, and Morris water maze tests. RESULTS Besides the transient short-term impairment of the sense of balance and locomotor activity, the 3.5-23.0 T SMFs did not have long-term negative effects on mice locomotion, anxiety level, social behaviour, or memory. In contrast, we observed anxiolytic effects and positive effects on social and spatial memory of SMFs, which is likely correlated with the significantly increased CaMKII level in the hippocampus region of high SMF-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the short exposures to high-field SMFs up to 23.0 T have negligible side effects on healthy mice and may even have beneficial outcomes in mice mood and memory, which is pertinent to the future medical application of ultra-high field SMFs in MRIs and beyond. KEY POINTS • Short-term exposure to magnetic fields up to 23.0 T is safe for mice. • High-field static magnetic field exposure transiently reduced mice locomotion. • High-field static magnetic field enhances memory while reduces the anxiety level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Hasanuzzaman Khan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Eye Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Huangshan Road 443, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xinfeng Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Eye Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Huangshan Road 443, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaofei Tian
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shushanhu Road #350, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Changjie Ouyang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Eye Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Huangshan Road 443, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shushanhu Road #350, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Shuang Feng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shushanhu Road #350, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Jutao Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Eye Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Huangshan Road 443, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Tian Xue
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Eye Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Huangshan Road 443, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Jin Bao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Eye Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Huangshan Road 443, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
- Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shushanhu Road #350, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
- International Magnetobiology Frontier Research Center, Science Island, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
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16
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Wang S, Zheng M, Lou C, Chen S, Guo H, Gao Y, Lv H, Yuan X, Zhang X, Shang P. Evaluating the biological safety on mice at 16 T static magnetic field with 700 MHz radio-frequency electromagnetic field. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113125. [PMID: 34971997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the associated biological effects of radio-frequency (RF) exposure at 16 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on mice health. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 48 healthy 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were investigated. A 16 T high static magnetic field (HiSMF) was generated by a superconducting magnet, and a radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field for hydrogen resonance at 16 T (700 MHz) was transmitted via a homemade RF system. The mice were exposed inside the 16 T HiSMF with the 700 MHz RF field for 60 min, and the body weight, organ coefficients, histomorphology of major organs, and blood indices were analyzed for the basal state of the mice on day 0 and day 14. The Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and interleukin- 6 (IL-6) were used to evaluate the thermal effects on the brain. Locomotor activity, the open field test, tail suspension test, forced swimming test, and grip strength test were used to assess the behavioral characteristics of the mice. RESULTS The 16 T HiSMF with 700 MHz RF electromagnetic field exposure had no significant effects on body weight, organ coefficients, or histomorphology of major organs in the mice. On day 0, the expressions of HSP70 and COX2 in the brain were increased by 16 T HiSMF with 700 MHz RF electromagnetic field exposure. However, the expression of HSP70, COX2, and IL-6 had no significant difference compared with the sham group on day 14. Compared with the sham groups, the meancorpuscularvolume (MCV) on day 0 and the total protein (TP) on day 14 were increased significantly, whereas the other blood indices did not change significantly. The 16 T HiSMF with 700 MHz RF electromagnetic field exposure caused the mice to briefly circle tightly but had no effect on other behavioral indicators. CONCLUSIONS In summary, 16 T HiSMF with 700 MHz RF electromagnetic field exposure for 60 min did not have severe effects on mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghang Wang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengxuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenge Lou
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huijie Guo
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Lv
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xichen Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China; Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Zablotskii V, Polyakova T, Dejneka A. Effects of High Magnetic Fields on the Diffusion of Biologically Active Molecules. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010081. [PMID: 35011642 PMCID: PMC8750908 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The diffusion of biologically active molecules is a ubiquitous process, controlling many mechanisms and the characteristic time scales for pivotal processes in living cells. Here, we show how a high static magnetic field (MF) affects the diffusion of paramagnetic and diamagnetic species including oxygen, hemoglobin, and drugs. We derive and solve the equation describing diffusion of such biologically active molecules in the presence of an MF as well as reveal the underlying mechanism of the MF’s effect on diffusion. We found that a high MF accelerates diffusion of diamagnetic species while slowing the diffusion of paramagnetic molecules in cell cytoplasm. When applied to oxygen and hemoglobin diffusion in red blood cells, our results suggest that an MF may significantly alter the gas exchange in an erythrocyte and cause swelling. Our prediction that the diffusion rate and characteristic time can be controlled by an MF opens new avenues for experimental studies foreseeing numerous biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii Zablotskii
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.P.); (A.D.)
- International Magnetobiology Frontier Research Center, Hefei 230031, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Tatyana Polyakova
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.P.); (A.D.)
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