1
|
Batarchuk V, Shepelytskyi Y, Grynko V, Kovacs AH, Hodgson A, Rodriguez K, Aldossary R, Talwar T, Hasselbrink C, Ruset IC, DeBoef B, Albert MS. Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (HyperCEST) Molecular Imaging: Achievements and Future Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1939. [PMID: 38339217 PMCID: PMC10856220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an emerging field that is set to revolutionize our perspective of disease diagnosis, treatment efficacy monitoring, and precision medicine in full concordance with personalized medicine. A wide range of hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe biosensors have been recently developed, demonstrating their potential applications in molecular settings, and achieving notable success within in vitro studies. The favorable nuclear magnetic resonance properties of 129Xe, coupled with its non-toxic nature, high solubility in biological tissues, and capacity to dissolve in blood and diffuse across membranes, highlight its superior role for applications in molecular MRI settings. The incorporation of reporters that combine signal enhancement from both hyperpolarized 129Xe and chemical exchange saturation transfer holds the potential to address the primary limitation of low sensitivity observed in conventional MRI. This review provides a summary of the various applications of HP 129Xe biosensors developed over the last decade, specifically highlighting their use in MRI. Moreover, this paper addresses the evolution of in vivo applications of HP 129Xe, discussing its potential transition into clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Batarchuk
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (V.B.)
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Yurii Shepelytskyi
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (V.B.)
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Vira Grynko
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
- Chemistry and Materials Science Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Antal Halen Kovacs
- Applied Life Science Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Aaron Hodgson
- Physics Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Karla Rodriguez
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (V.B.)
| | - Ruba Aldossary
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Tanu Talwar
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (V.B.)
| | - Carson Hasselbrink
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407-005, USA
| | | | - Brenton DeBoef
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Mitchell S. Albert
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (V.B.)
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shepelytskyi Y, Grynko V, Batarchuk V, Hasselbrink CL, Kovacs AH, Ruset IC, Rodriguez K, Al Taradeh N, Talwar T, DeBoef B, Albert MS. R3-Noria-methanesulfonate: A Molecular Cage with Superior Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI Contrast. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4707-4715. [PMID: 38064687 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (HP) xenon-129 (129Xe) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to be used as a molecular imaging modality. For this purpose, numerous supramolecular cages have been developed and evaluated in the past. Herein, we report a novel and unique macrocycle that can be successfully utilized for xenon MRI, the resorcinarene trimer methanesulfonate (R3-Noria-MeSO3H). This molecule is capable of two different contrast mechanisms for xenon-MRI, resulting from an increase in the effective spin-spin relaxation and hyperpolarized chemical exchange saturation transfer (HyperCEST). We have demonstrated a superior negative contrast caused by R3-Noria-MeSO3H on HP 129Xe MRI at 3.0 T as well as HyperCEST imaging of the studied macrocycle. Additionally, we have found that the complex aggregation behaviors of R3-Noria-methanesulfonate and its impact on xenon-129 relaxivity are an area for future study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yurii Shepelytskyi
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Vira Grynko
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 6V4, Canada
- Chemistry and Materials Science Program, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Viktoriia Batarchuk
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Carson L Hasselbrink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Antal H Kovacs
- Applied Life Science Program, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Iulian C Ruset
- Xemed LCC, 16 Strafford Avenue, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Karla Rodriguez
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Nedal Al Taradeh
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Tanu Talwar
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Brenton DeBoef
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Mitchell S Albert
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 6V4, Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grynko V, Shepelytskyi Y, Batarchuk V, Aalto H, Li T, Ruset IC, DeBoef B, Albert MS. Cucurbit[6]uril Hyperpolarized Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Pulse Sequence Parameter Optimization and Detectability Limit Assessment at 3.0T. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300346. [PMID: 37713677 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging is the future of personalized medicine; however, it requires effective contrast agents. Hyperpolarized chemical exchange saturation transfer (HyperCEST) can boost the signal of Hyperpolarized 129 Xe MRI and render it a molecular imaging modality of high efficiency. Cucurbit[6]uril (CB6) has been successfully employed in vivo as a contrast agent for HyperCEST MRI, however its performance in a clinical MRI scanner has yet to be optimized. In this study, MRI pulse sequence parameter optimization was first performed in CB6 solutions in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and subsequently in whole sterile citrated bovine blood. The performance of four different depolarization pulse shapes (sinusoidal, 3-lobe sinc (3LS), rectangular (block), and hyperbolic secant (hypsec) was optimized. The detectability limits of CB6 in a clinical 3.0T MRI scanner was assessed using the optimized pulse sequences. The 3LS depolarization pulses performed best, and demonstrated 24 % depletion in a 25 μM solution of CB6 in PBS. It performed similarly in blood. The CB6 detectability limit was found to be 100 μM in citrated bovine blood with a correspondent HyperCEST depletion of 30 % ±9 %. For the first time, the HP 129 Xe HyperCEST effect was observed in red blood cells (RBC) and had a similar strength as HyperCEST in plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vira Grynko
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 1040 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 7A5, Canada
- Chemistry and Materials Science Program, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Yurii Shepelytskyi
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 1040 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 7A5, Canada
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Viktoriia Batarchuk
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 1040 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 7A5, Canada
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Hannah Aalto
- Applied Life Science Program, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Tao Li
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | | | - Brenton DeBoef
- Chemistry Department, University of Rhode Island, 45 Upper College Rd, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Mitchell S Albert
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 1040 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 7A5, Canada
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kern AL, Gutberlet M, Rumpel R, Bruesch I, Hohlfeld JM, Wacker F, Hensen B. Compartment-specific 129Xe HyperCEST z spectroscopy and chemical shift imaging of cucurbit[6]uril in spontaneously breathing rats. Z Med Phys 2023:S0939-3889(23)00094-6. [PMID: 37661475 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
129Xe hyperpolarized gas chemical exchange saturation transfer (HyperCEST) MRI has been suggested as molecular imaging modality but translation to in vivo imaging has been slow, likely due to difficulties of synthesizing suitable molecules. Cucurbit[6]uril-either in readily available non-functionalized or potentially in functionalized form-may, combined with 129Xe HyperCEST MRI, prove useful as a switchable 129Xe MR contrast agent but the likely differential properties of contrast generation in individual chemical compartments as well as the influence of 129Xe signal drifts encountered in vivo on HyperCEST MRI are unknown. Here, HyperCEST z spectroscopy and chemical shift imaging with compartment-specific analysis are performed in a total of 10 rats using cucurbit[6]uril injected i.v. and under a protocol employing spontaneous respiration. Differences in intensity of the HyperCEST effect between chemical compartments and anatomical regions are investigated. Strategies to mitigate influence of signal instabilities associated with drifts in physiological parameters are developed. It is shown that presence of cucurbit[6]uril can be readily detected under spontaneous 129Xe inhalation mostly in aqueous tissues further away from the lung. Differences of effect intensity in individual regions and compartments must be considered in HyperCEST data interpretation. In particular, there seems to be almost no effect in lipids. 129Xe HyperCEST MR measurements utilizing spontaneous respiration protocols and extended measurement times are feasible. HyperCEST MRI of non-functionalized cucurbit[6]uril may create contrast between anatomical structures in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agilo Luitger Kern
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Marcel Gutberlet
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Regina Rumpel
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Inga Bruesch
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Jens M Hohlfeld
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Frank Wacker
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Bennet Hensen
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jost JO, Schröder L. Improving HyperCEST performance by favorable xenon exchange conditions in liposomal nanocarriers. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4714. [PMID: 35181965 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
MRI reporters that combine signal enhancement from saturation transfer with hyperpolarized 129 Xe show nanomolar detection sensitivity for in vitro studies. However, they need further improvement for accelerated CEST build-up that sufficiently dominates the intrinsic loss of hyperpolarization under in vivo conditions. This study introduces liposomes with a HyperCEST-active lipopeptide to enhance the efficiency of a well known Xe host, CrA-ma, with medium Xe exchange kinetics in aqueous environment, by two orders of magnitude. The depolarization time for constant saturation power but increasing saturation time is used as a comparative measure to rank different nanocarrier formulations. A variable cage load illustrates that the available CEST sites should be well distributed throughout the nanocarriers to avoid inefficiency from back exchange. For a liposome loading with only 2 mol% CrA-lipopeptide, the higher exchange kinetics allowed us to work even with 17-fold lower saturation power than for CrA-ma itself to achieve significant image contrast with 129 Xe. Overall, this study illustrates the wide parameter space that is now available when incorporating CrA-labelled lipopeptides into liposomal carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Oliver Jost
- Translational Molecular Imaging, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif Schröder
- Translational Molecular Imaging, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Eills J, Budker D, Cavagnero S, Chekmenev EY, Elliott SJ, Jannin S, Lesage A, Matysik J, Meersmann T, Prisner T, Reimer JA, Yang H, Koptyug IV. Spin Hyperpolarization in Modern Magnetic Resonance. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1417-1551. [PMID: 36701528 PMCID: PMC9951229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance techniques are successfully utilized in a broad range of scientific disciplines and in various practical applications, with medical magnetic resonance imaging being the most widely known example. Currently, both fundamental and applied magnetic resonance are enjoying a major boost owing to the rapidly developing field of spin hyperpolarization. Hyperpolarization techniques are able to enhance signal intensities in magnetic resonance by several orders of magnitude, and thus to largely overcome its major disadvantage of relatively low sensitivity. This provides new impetus for existing applications of magnetic resonance and opens the gates to exciting new possibilities. In this review, we provide a unified picture of the many methods and techniques that fall under the umbrella term "hyperpolarization" but are currently seldom perceived as integral parts of the same field. Specifically, before delving into the individual techniques, we provide a detailed analysis of the underlying principles of spin hyperpolarization. We attempt to uncover and classify the origins of hyperpolarization, to establish its sources and the specific mechanisms that enable the flow of polarization from a source to the target spins. We then give a more detailed analysis of individual hyperpolarization techniques: the mechanisms by which they work, fundamental and technical requirements, characteristic applications, unresolved issues, and possible future directions. We are seeing a continuous growth of activity in the field of spin hyperpolarization, and we expect the field to flourish as new and improved hyperpolarization techniques are implemented. Some key areas for development are in prolonging polarization lifetimes, making hyperpolarization techniques more generally applicable to chemical/biological systems, reducing the technical and equipment requirements, and creating more efficient excitation and detection schemes. We hope this review will facilitate the sharing of knowledge between subfields within the broad topic of hyperpolarization, to help overcome existing challenges in magnetic resonance and enable novel applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Eills
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, 08028Barcelona, Spain,
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes
Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128Mainz, Germany,Helmholtz-Institut,
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128Mainz, Germany,Department
of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Silvia Cavagnero
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department
of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (IBio), Karmanos Cancer Institute
(KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan48202, United States,Russian
Academy of Sciences, Moscow119991, Russia
| | - Stuart J. Elliott
- Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College
London, LondonW12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sami Jannin
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität
Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Meersmann
- Sir
Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University Park, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Prisner
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Magnetic
Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, , 60438Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Jeffrey A. Reimer
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Hanming Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, Siberian
Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, 630090Novosibirsk, Russia,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Preclinical MRI Using Hyperpolarized 129Xe. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238338. [PMID: 36500430 PMCID: PMC9738892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Although critical for development of novel therapies, understanding altered lung function in disease models is challenging because the transport and diffusion of gases over short distances, on which proper function relies, is not readily visualized. In this review we summarize progress introducing hyperpolarized 129Xe imaging as a method to follow these processes in vivo. The work is organized in sections highlighting methods to observe the gas replacement effects of breathing (Gas Dynamics during the Breathing Cycle) and gas diffusion throughout the parenchymal airspaces (3). We then describe the spectral signatures indicative of gas dissolution and uptake (4), and how these features can be used to follow the gas as it enters the tissue and capillary bed, is taken up by hemoglobin in the red blood cells (5), re-enters the gas phase prior to exhalation (6), or is carried via the vasculature to other organs and body structures (7). We conclude with a discussion of practical imaging and spectroscopy techniques that deliver quantifiable metrics despite the small size, rapid motion and decay of signal and coherence characteristic of the magnetically inhomogeneous lung in preclinical models (8).
Collapse
|