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Frijia F, Flori A, Giovannetti G, Barison A, Menichetti L, Santarelli MF, Positano V. MRI Application and Challenges of Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Pyruvate in Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Studies: A Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1035. [PMID: 38786333 PMCID: PMC11120300 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14101035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease shows, or may even be caused by, changes in metabolism. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging is a technique that could assess the role of different aspects of metabolism in heart disease, allowing real-time metabolic flux assessment in vivo. In this review, we introduce the main hyperpolarization techniques. Then, we summarize the use of dedicated radiofrequency 13C coils, and report a state of the art of 13C data acquisition. Finally, this review provides an overview of the pre-clinical and clinical studies on cardiac metabolism in the healthy and diseased heart. We furthermore show what advances have been made to translate this technique into the clinic in the near future and what technical challenges still remain, such as exploring other metabolic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Frijia
- Bioengineering Unit, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (V.P.)
| | - Alessandra Flori
- Bioengineering Unit, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (V.P.)
| | - Giulio Giovannetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.G.); (L.M.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Andrea Barison
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Luca Menichetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.G.); (L.M.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Maria Filomena Santarelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (G.G.); (L.M.); (M.F.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Positano
- Bioengineering Unit, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.F.); (V.P.)
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Batarchuk V, Shepelytskyi Y, Grynko V, Kovacs AH, Hodgson A, Rodriguez K, Aldossary R, Talwar T, Hasselbrink C, Ruset IC, DeBoef B, Albert MS. Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (HyperCEST) Molecular Imaging: Achievements and Future Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1939. [PMID: 38339217 PMCID: PMC10856220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an emerging field that is set to revolutionize our perspective of disease diagnosis, treatment efficacy monitoring, and precision medicine in full concordance with personalized medicine. A wide range of hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe biosensors have been recently developed, demonstrating their potential applications in molecular settings, and achieving notable success within in vitro studies. The favorable nuclear magnetic resonance properties of 129Xe, coupled with its non-toxic nature, high solubility in biological tissues, and capacity to dissolve in blood and diffuse across membranes, highlight its superior role for applications in molecular MRI settings. The incorporation of reporters that combine signal enhancement from both hyperpolarized 129Xe and chemical exchange saturation transfer holds the potential to address the primary limitation of low sensitivity observed in conventional MRI. This review provides a summary of the various applications of HP 129Xe biosensors developed over the last decade, specifically highlighting their use in MRI. Moreover, this paper addresses the evolution of in vivo applications of HP 129Xe, discussing its potential transition into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Batarchuk
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (V.B.)
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Yurii Shepelytskyi
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (V.B.)
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Vira Grynko
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
- Chemistry and Materials Science Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Antal Halen Kovacs
- Applied Life Science Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Aaron Hodgson
- Physics Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Karla Rodriguez
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (V.B.)
| | - Ruba Aldossary
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Tanu Talwar
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (V.B.)
| | - Carson Hasselbrink
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407-005, USA
| | | | - Brenton DeBoef
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Mitchell S. Albert
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (V.B.)
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
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Shepelytskyi Y, Grynko V, Batarchuk V, Hasselbrink CL, Kovacs AH, Ruset IC, Rodriguez K, Al Taradeh N, Talwar T, DeBoef B, Albert MS. R3-Noria-methanesulfonate: A Molecular Cage with Superior Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI Contrast. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4707-4715. [PMID: 38064687 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (HP) xenon-129 (129Xe) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to be used as a molecular imaging modality. For this purpose, numerous supramolecular cages have been developed and evaluated in the past. Herein, we report a novel and unique macrocycle that can be successfully utilized for xenon MRI, the resorcinarene trimer methanesulfonate (R3-Noria-MeSO3H). This molecule is capable of two different contrast mechanisms for xenon-MRI, resulting from an increase in the effective spin-spin relaxation and hyperpolarized chemical exchange saturation transfer (HyperCEST). We have demonstrated a superior negative contrast caused by R3-Noria-MeSO3H on HP 129Xe MRI at 3.0 T as well as HyperCEST imaging of the studied macrocycle. Additionally, we have found that the complex aggregation behaviors of R3-Noria-methanesulfonate and its impact on xenon-129 relaxivity are an area for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurii Shepelytskyi
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Vira Grynko
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 6V4, Canada
- Chemistry and Materials Science Program, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Viktoriia Batarchuk
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Carson L Hasselbrink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Antal H Kovacs
- Applied Life Science Program, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Iulian C Ruset
- Xemed LCC, 16 Strafford Avenue, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Karla Rodriguez
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Nedal Al Taradeh
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Tanu Talwar
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Brenton DeBoef
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Mitchell S Albert
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 6V4, Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
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Grynko V, Shepelytskyi Y, Batarchuk V, Aalto H, Li T, Ruset IC, DeBoef B, Albert MS. Cucurbit[6]uril Hyperpolarized Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Pulse Sequence Parameter Optimization and Detectability Limit Assessment at 3.0T. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300346. [PMID: 37713677 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging is the future of personalized medicine; however, it requires effective contrast agents. Hyperpolarized chemical exchange saturation transfer (HyperCEST) can boost the signal of Hyperpolarized 129 Xe MRI and render it a molecular imaging modality of high efficiency. Cucurbit[6]uril (CB6) has been successfully employed in vivo as a contrast agent for HyperCEST MRI, however its performance in a clinical MRI scanner has yet to be optimized. In this study, MRI pulse sequence parameter optimization was first performed in CB6 solutions in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and subsequently in whole sterile citrated bovine blood. The performance of four different depolarization pulse shapes (sinusoidal, 3-lobe sinc (3LS), rectangular (block), and hyperbolic secant (hypsec) was optimized. The detectability limits of CB6 in a clinical 3.0T MRI scanner was assessed using the optimized pulse sequences. The 3LS depolarization pulses performed best, and demonstrated 24 % depletion in a 25 μM solution of CB6 in PBS. It performed similarly in blood. The CB6 detectability limit was found to be 100 μM in citrated bovine blood with a correspondent HyperCEST depletion of 30 % ±9 %. For the first time, the HP 129 Xe HyperCEST effect was observed in red blood cells (RBC) and had a similar strength as HyperCEST in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vira Grynko
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 1040 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 7A5, Canada
- Chemistry and Materials Science Program, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Yurii Shepelytskyi
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 1040 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 7A5, Canada
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Viktoriia Batarchuk
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 1040 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 7A5, Canada
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Hannah Aalto
- Applied Life Science Program, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Tao Li
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | | | - Brenton DeBoef
- Chemistry Department, University of Rhode Island, 45 Upper College Rd, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Mitchell S Albert
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 1040 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 7A5, Canada
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
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Mikowska L, Grynko V, Shepelytskyi Y, Ruset IC, Deschamps J, Aalto H, Targosz-Korecka M, Balamore D, Harańczyk H, Albert MS. Revealing a Third Dissolved-Phase Xenon-129 Resonance in Blood Caused by Hemoglobin Glycation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11311. [PMID: 37511071 PMCID: PMC10380088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (HP) xenon-129 (129Xe), when dissolved in blood, has two NMR resonances: one in red blood cells (RBC) and one in plasma. The impact of numerous blood components on these resonances, however, has not yet been investigated. This study evaluates the effects of elevated glucose levels on the chemical shift (CS) and T2* relaxation times of HP 129Xe dissolved in sterile citrated sheep blood for the first time. HP 129Xe was mixed with sheep blood samples premixed with a stock glucose solution using a liquid-gas exchange module. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed on a 3T clinical MRI scanner using a custom-built quadrature dual-tuned 129Xe/1H coil. We observed an additional resonance for the RBCs (129Xe-RBC1) for the increased glucose levels. The CS of 129Xe-RBC1 and 129Xe-plasma peaks did not change with glucose levels, while the CS of 129Xe-RBC2 (original RBC resonance) increased linearly at a rate of 0.015 ± 0.002 ppm/mM with glucose level. 129Xe-RBC1 T2* values increased nonlinearly from 1.58 ± 0.24 ms to 2.67 ± 0.40 ms. As a result of the increased glucose levels in blood samples, the novel additional HP 129Xe dissolved phase resonance was observed in blood and attributed to the 129Xe bound to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutosława Mikowska
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Vira Grynko
- Chemistry and Material Science Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 7A5, Canada
| | - Yurii Shepelytskyi
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 7A5, Canada
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | | | - Joseph Deschamps
- Applied Life Sciences Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Hannah Aalto
- Applied Life Sciences Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Marta Targosz-Korecka
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dilip Balamore
- Department of Engineering, Physics and Technology, Nassau Community College, New York, NY 11530, USA
| | - Hubert Harańczyk
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mitchell S Albert
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 7A5, Canada
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine University, Thunder Bay, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
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