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Simkins J, Holden MA, Babatunde O, White S, Nicholls E, Long A, Dziedzic K, Chudyk A, Todd A, Walker C, Stanford C, Cottrell E, Edwards J, Healey EL, Cork T, Mallen C, O'Brien N. Exploring the potential extended role of community pharmacy in the management of osteoarthritis: A multi-methods study with pharmacy staff and other healthcare professionals. Musculoskeletal Care 2024; 22:e1873. [PMID: 38453169 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis is the commonest form of chronic joint pain, which patients often self-manage before seeking healthcare advice. Patients frequently seek advice from community pharmacies, and a recent policy has recommended integrating community pharmacies into long-term condition pathways. This study explored community pharmacy teams' (CPs) and other healthcare professionals' (HCPs) views on community pharmacies providing an extended role for osteoarthritis management, identifying potential barriers and facilitators to this. METHODS A multi-methods study comprising surveys of CPs and other HCPs, followed by qualitative interviews. Descriptive statistics were used in an exploratory analysis of the survey data. Qualitative data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and the identified barriers and facilitators were mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework. RESULT CPs and other HCPs in the surveys and interviews reported that an extended role for osteoarthritis management could include: a subjective assessment, explaining the joint problem and its treatment, medication management and support for self-care. There was less consensus on diagnosing the problem as OA and completing an objective assessment. A key facilitator was training to deliver the role, whilst barriers were high workload and lack of access to General Practitioner medical records. DISCUSSION Acceptable elements of an extended community pharmacy role for osteoarthritis centre around the provision of information, advice on medication and supported self-management. CONCLUSION CPs are well placed to contribute towards evidenced-based osteoarthritis management. Feasibility testing of delivering the extended role is needed and future implementation requires training for CPs and raising public awareness of the extended role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Simkins
- Keele University, Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Melanie A Holden
- Keele University, Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Opeyemi Babatunde
- Keele University, Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Simon White
- Keele University, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Elaine Nicholls
- Keele University, Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
- Keele Clinical Trials Unit, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Angela Long
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Krysia Dziedzic
- Impact Accelerator Unit, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Adrian Chudyk
- Impact Accelerator Unit, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Adam Todd
- Newcastle University, School of Pharmacy, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Christine Walker
- Impact Accelerator Unit, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Colin Stanford
- NHS Shropshire Clinical Commissioning Group, Shropshire, UK
| | | | - John Edwards
- Wolstanton Medical Centre, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Emma L Healey
- Keele University, Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Tania Cork
- Community Pharmacy Staffordshire & Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Christian Mallen
- Keele University, Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Nicola O'Brien
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
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Babatunde OO, Cottrell E, White S, Chudyk A, Healey EL, Edwards J, Nicholls E, O'Brien N, Todd A, Walker C, Stanford C, Cork T, Long A, Simkins J, Mallen CD, Dziedzic K, Holden MA. Co-development and testing of an extended community pharmacy model of service delivery for managing osteoarthritis: protocol for a sequential, multi-methods study (PharmOA). BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:54. [PMID: 38216895 PMCID: PMC10785546 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-07105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis is a common, painful and disabling long-term condition. Delivery of high-quality guideline-informed osteoarthritis care that successfully promotes and maintains supported self-management is imperative. However, osteoarthritis care remains inconsistent, including under use of core non-pharmacological approaches of education, exercise and weight loss. Community pharmacies are an accessible healthcare provider. United Kingdom government initiatives are promoting their involvement in a range of long-term conditions, including musculoskeletal conditions. It is not known what an enhanced community pharmacy role for osteoarthritis care should include, what support is needed to deliver such a role, and whether it would be feasible and acceptable to community pharmacy teams. In this (PharmOA) study, we aim to address these gaps, and co-design and test an evidence-based extended community pharmacy model of service delivery for managing osteoarthritis. METHODS Informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework, Normalisation Process Theory, and the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for developing complex interventions, we will undertake a multi-methods study involving five phases: 1. Systematic review to summarise currently available evidence on community pharmacy roles in supporting adults with osteoarthritis and other chronic (non-cancer) pain. 2. Cross-sectional surveys and one-to-one qualitative interviews with patients, healthcare professionals and pharmacy staff to explore experiences of current, and potential extended community pharmacy roles, in delivering osteoarthritis care. 3. Stakeholder co-design to: a) agree on the extended role of community pharmacies in osteoarthritis care; b) develop a model of osteoarthritis care within which the extended roles could be delivered (PharmOA model of service delivery); and c) refine existing tools to support community pharmacies to deliver extended osteoarthritis care roles (PharmOA tools). 4. Feasibility study to explore the acceptability and feasibility of the PharmOA model of service delivery and PharmOA tools to community pharmacy teams. 5. Final stakeholder workshop to: a) finalise the PharmOA model of service delivery and PharmOA tools, and b) if applicable, prioritise recommendations for its wider future implementation. DISCUSSION This novel study paves the way to improving access to and availability of high-quality guideline-informed, consistent care for people with osteoarthritis from within community pharmacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi O Babatunde
- Keele University, Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
- Impact Accelerator Unit, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Cottrell
- Wolstanton Medical Centre Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Newcastle-under-Lyme, ST5 8BN, UK
| | - Simon White
- Keele University, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Adrian Chudyk
- Keele University, Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Impact Accelerator Unit, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Emma L Healey
- Keele University, Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - John Edwards
- Wolstanton Medical Centre Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Newcastle-under-Lyme, ST5 8BN, UK
| | - Elaine Nicholls
- Keele University, Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Keele Clinical Trials Unit, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Nicola O'Brien
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Adam Todd
- Newcastle University, School of Pharmacy, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Christine Walker
- Impact Accelerator Unit, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Colin Stanford
- NHS Shropshire Clinical Commissioning Group, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK
| | - Tania Cork
- North Staffs and Stoke Local Pharmaceutical Committee, Stoke-On-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Angela Long
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Joanna Simkins
- Keele University, Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Christian D Mallen
- Keele University, Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Krysia Dziedzic
- Keele University, Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Impact Accelerator Unit, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Melanie A Holden
- Keele University, Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
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