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Barker RG, Horvath D, van der Poel C, Murphy RM. Benefits of Prenatal Taurine Supplementation in Preventing the Onset of Acute Damage in the Mdx Mouse. PLOS CURRENTS 2017; 9:ecurrents.md.9a3e357a0154d01050b591601cbd4fdb. [PMID: 29188135 PMCID: PMC5693597 DOI: 10.1371/currents.md.9a3e357a0154d01050b591601cbd4fdb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a debilitating muscle wasting disorder with no cure. Safer supplements and therapies are needed to improve the severity of symptoms, as severe side effects are associated with the only effective treatment, corticosteroids. The amino acid taurine has shown promise in ameliorating dystrophic symptoms in mdx mice, an animal model of DMD, however little work is in 21-28 (d)ay animals, the period of natural peak damage. METHODS This study compares the effect of prenatal taurine supplementation on tibialis anterior (TA) in situ contractile function, histopathological characteristics and the abundance of Ca2+-handling as well as pathologically relevant proteins in non-exercised mdx mice at 28 and 70 d. RESULTS Supplementation elevated TA taurine content by 25% (p<0.05), ameliorated in situ specific force by 60% (p<0.05) and improved histological characteristics in 28 d mdx mice; however no benefit was seen in 70 d mice, where background pathology was initially stable. Age specific effects in SERCA1, calsequestrin 1 (CSQ1), CSQ2, utrophin and myogenin protein abundances were seen between both 28 and 70 d mdx and mdx taurine-supplemented mice. DISCUSSION Considering these findings and that taurine is a relatively cost effective, readily accessible and side effect free dietary supplement, we propose further investigation into taurine supplementation during pregnancy in a protective capacity, reminiscent of folate in the prevention of spinal bifida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Barker
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Deanna Horvath
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris van der Poel
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Amancio GDCS, Grabe-Guimarães A, Haikel D, Moreau J, Barcellos NMS, Lacampagne A, Matecki S, Cazorla O. Effect of pyridostigmine on in vivo and in vitro respiratory muscle of mdx mice. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017. [PMID: 28624507 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The current work was conducted to verify the contribution of neuromuscular transmission defects at the neuromuscular junction to Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy disease progression and respiratory dysfunction. We tested pyridostigmine and pyridostigmine encapsulated in liposomes (liposomal PYR), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor to improve muscular contraction on respiratory muscle function in mdx mice at different ages. We evaluated in vivo with the whole-body plethysmography, the ventilatory response to hypercapnia, and measured in vitro diaphragm strength in each group. Compared to C57BL10 mice, only 17 and 22 month-old mdx presented blunted ventilatory response, under normocapnia and hypercapnia. Free pyridostigmine (1mg/kg) was toxic to mdx mice, unlike liposomal PYR, which did not show any side effect, confirming that the encapsulation in liposomes is effective in reducing the toxic effects of this drug. Treatment with liposomal PYR, either acute or chronic, did not show any beneficial effect on respiratory function of this DMD experimental model. The encapsulation in liposomes is effective to abolish toxic effects of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Cássia Sousa Amancio
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, CiPharma, Pharmacy School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andrea Grabe-Guimarães
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, CiPharma, Pharmacy School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Dridi Haikel
- PHYMEDEXP, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR9214, Université de Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Johan Moreau
- PHYMEDEXP, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR9214, Université de Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Neila Marcia Silva Barcellos
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, CiPharma, Pharmacy School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alain Lacampagne
- PHYMEDEXP, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR9214, Université de Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stefan Matecki
- PHYMEDEXP, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR9214, Université de Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Cazorla
- PHYMEDEXP, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR9214, Université de Montpellier, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Capogrosso RF, Mantuano P, Cozzoli A, Sanarica F, Massari AM, Conte E, Fonzino A, Giustino A, Rolland JF, Quaranta A, De Bellis M, Camerino GM, Grange RW, De Luca A. Contractile efficiency of dystrophic mdx mouse muscle: in vivo and ex vivo assessment of adaptation to exercise of functional end points. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:828-843. [PMID: 28057817 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00776.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive weakness is a typical feature of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients and is exacerbated in the benign mdx mouse model by in vivo treadmill exercise. We hypothesized a different threshold for functional adaptation of mdx muscles in response to the duration of the exercise protocol. In vivo weakness was confirmed by grip strength after 4, 8, and 12 wk of exercise in mdx mice. Torque measurements revealed that exercise-related weakness in mdx mice correlated with the duration of the protocol, while wild-type (WT) mice were stronger. Twitch and tetanic forces of isolated diaphragm and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were lower in mdx compared with WT mice. In mdx, both muscle types exhibited greater weakness after a single exercise bout, but only in EDL after a long exercise protocol. As opposite to WT muscles, mdx EDL ones did not show any exercise-induced adaptations against eccentric contraction force drop. qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the maladaptation of genes involved in metabolic and structural remodeling, while damage-related genes remained significantly upregulated and angiogenesis impaired. Phosphorylated AMP kinase level increased only in exercised WT muscle. The severe histopathology and the high levels of muscular TGF-β1 and of plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 confirmed the persistence of muscle damage in mdx mice. Therefore, dystrophic muscles showed a partial degree of functional adaptation to chronic exercise, although not sufficient to overcome weakness nor signs of damage. The improved understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying maladaptation of dystrophic muscle paves the way to a better managment of DMD patients.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We focused on the adaptation/maladaptation of dystrophic mdx mouse muscles to a standard protocol of exercise to provide guidance in the development of more effective drug and physical therapies in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The mdx muscles showed a modest functional adaptation to chronic exercise, but it was not sufficient to overcome the progressive in vivo weakness, nor to counter signs of muscle damage. Therefore, a complex involvement of multiple systems underlies the maladaptive response of dystrophic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Francesca Capogrosso
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy.,Department of Chemical, Toxicological and Pharmacological Drug Studies, Catholic University "Our Lady of Good Counsel," Tirana, Albany
| | - Paola Mantuano
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Cozzoli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Sanarica
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Ada Maria Massari
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Conte
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Adriano Fonzino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Arcangela Giustino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Jean-Francois Rolland
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Quaranta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Valenzano (BA), Italy
| | - Michela De Bellis
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Camerino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Robert W Grange
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Virginia; and
| | - Annamaria De Luca
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy;
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Hashimoto T, Yang B, Okazaki Y, Yoshizawa I, Kajihara K, Kato N, Wada M, Yanaka N. Time Course Analysis of Skeletal Muscle Pathology of GDE5 Transgenic Mouse. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163299. [PMID: 27658304 PMCID: PMC5033411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerophosphodiesterase 5 (GDE5) selectively hydrolyses glycerophosphocholine to choline and is highly expressed in type II fiber-rich skeletal muscles. We have previously generated that a truncated mutant of GDE5 (GDE5dC471) that lacks phosphodiesterase activity and shown that transgenic mice overexpressing GDE5dC471 in skeletal muscles show less skeletal muscle mass than control mice. However, the molecular mechanism and pathophysiological features underlying decreased skeletal muscle mass in GDE5dC471 mice remain unclear. In this study, we characterized the skeletal muscle disorder throughout development and investigated the primary cause of muscle atrophy. While type I fiber-rich soleus muscle mass was not altered in GDE5dC471 mice, type II fiber-rich muscle mass was reduced in 8-week-old GDE5dC471 mice. Type II fiber-rich muscle mass continued to decrease irreversibly in 1-year-old transgenic mice with an increase in apoptotic cell. Adipose tissue weight and blood triglyceride levels in 8-week-old and 1-year-old transgenic mice were higher than those in control mice. This study also demonstrated compensatory mRNA expression of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) components, including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α1, γ, and ε subunits) and acetylcholinesterase in type II fiber-rich quadriceps muscles in GDE5dC471 mice. However, we did not observe morphological changes in NMJs associated with skeletal muscle atrophy in GDE5dC471 mice. We also found that HSP70 protein levels are significantly increased in the skeletal muscles of 2-week-old GDE5dC471 mice and in mouse myoblastic C2C12 cells overexpressing GDE5dC471. These findings suggest that GDE5dC471 mouse is a novel model of early-onset irreversible type II fiber-rich myopathy associated with cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Bo Yang
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuri Okazaki
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ikumi Yoshizawa
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kaori Kajihara
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Norihisa Kato
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masanobu Wada
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yanaka
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Matchkov VV, Krivoi II. Specialized Functional Diversity and Interactions of the Na,K-ATPase. Front Physiol 2016; 7:179. [PMID: 27252653 PMCID: PMC4879863 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Na,K-ATPase is a protein ubiquitously expressed in the plasma membrane of all animal cells and vitally essential for their functions. A specialized functional diversity of the Na,K-ATPase isozymes is provided by molecular heterogeneity, distinct subcellular localizations, and functional interactions with molecular environment. Studies over the last decades clearly demonstrated complex and isoform-specific reciprocal functional interactions between the Na,K-ATPase and neighboring proteins and lipids. These interactions are enabled by a spatially restricted ion homeostasis, direct protein-protein/lipid interactions, and protein kinase signaling pathways. In addition to its "classical" function in ion translocation, the Na,K-ATPase is now considered as one of the most important signaling molecules in neuronal, epithelial, skeletal, cardiac and vascular tissues. Accordingly, the Na,K-ATPase forms specialized sub-cellular multimolecular microdomains which act as receptors to circulating endogenous cardiotonic steroids (CTS) triggering a number of signaling pathways. Changes in these endogenous cardiotonic steroid levels and initiated signaling responses have significant adaptive values for tissues and whole organisms under numerous physiological and pathophysiological conditions. This review discusses recent progress in the studies of functional interactions between the Na,K-ATPase and molecular microenvironment, the Na,K-ATPase-dependent signaling pathways and their significance for diversity of cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor I Krivoi
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg, Russia
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6
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Halievski K, Mo K, Westwood JT, Monks DA. Transcriptional profile of muscle following acute induction of symptoms in a mouse model of Kennedy's disease/spinobulbar muscular atrophy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118120. [PMID: 25719894 PMCID: PMC4341878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kennedy's disease/Spinobulbar muscular atrophy (KD/SBMA) is a degenerative neuromuscular disease affecting males. This disease is caused by polyglutamine expansion mutations of the androgen receptor (AR) gene. Although KD/SBMA has been traditionally considered a motor neuron disease, emerging evidence points to a central etiological role of muscle. We previously reported a microarray study of genes differentially expressed in muscle of three genetically unique mouse models of KD/SBMA but were unable to detect those which are androgen-dependent or are associated with onset of symptoms. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In the current study we examined the time course and androgen-dependence of transcriptional changes in the HSA-AR transgenic (Tg) mouse model, in which females have a severe phenotype after acute testosterone treatment. Using microarray analysis we identified differentially expressed genes at the onset and peak of muscle weakness in testosterone-treated Tg females. We found both transient and persistent groups of differentially expressed genes and analysis of gene function indicated functional groups such as mitochondrion, ion and nucleotide binding, muscle development, and sarcomere maintenance. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE By comparing the current results with those from the three previously reported models we were able to identify KD/SBMA candidate genes that are androgen dependent, and occur early in the disease process, properties which are promising for targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Halievski
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga,
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaiguo Mo
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga,
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. Timothy Westwood
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga,
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas A. Monks
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga,
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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7
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Arimura S, Okada T, Tezuka T, Chiyo T, Kasahara Y, Yoshimura T, Motomura M, Yoshida N, Beeson D, Takeda S, Yamanashi Y. Neuromuscular disease. DOK7 gene therapy benefits mouse models of diseases characterized by defects in the neuromuscular junction. Science 2014; 345:1505-8. [PMID: 25237101 DOI: 10.1126/science.1250744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the synapse between a motor neuron and skeletal muscle. Defects in NMJ transmission cause muscle weakness, termed myasthenia. The muscle protein Dok-7 is essential for activation of the receptor kinase MuSK, which governs NMJ formation, and DOK7 mutations underlie familial limb-girdle myasthenia (DOK7 myasthenia), a neuromuscular disease characterized by small NMJs. Here, we show in a mouse model of DOK7 myasthenia that therapeutic administration of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding the human DOK7 gene resulted in an enlargement of NMJs and substantial increases in muscle strength and life span. When applied to model mice of another neuromuscular disorder, autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, DOK7 gene therapy likewise resulted in enlargement of NMJs as well as positive effects on motor activity and life span. These results suggest that therapies aimed at enlarging the NMJ may be useful for a range of neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumimasa Arimura
- Division of Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Tezuka
- Division of Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Chiyo
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kasahara
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Yoshimura
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Nagasaki University School of Health Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Motomura
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David Beeson
- Neurosciences Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamanashi
- Division of Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Chalkiadaki A, Igarashi M, Nasamu AS, Knezevic J, Guarente L. Muscle-specific SIRT1 gain-of-function increases slow-twitch fibers and ameliorates pathophysiology in a mouse model of duchenne muscular dystrophy. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004490. [PMID: 25032964 PMCID: PMC4102452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 is a metabolic sensor and regulator in various mammalian tissues and functions to counteract metabolic and age-related diseases. Here we generated and analyzed mice that express SIRT1 at high levels specifically in skeletal muscle. We show that SIRT1 transgenic muscle exhibits a fiber shift from fast-to-slow twitch, increased levels of PGC-1α, markers of oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis, and decreased expression of the atrophy gene program. To examine whether increased activity of SIRT1 protects from muscular dystrophy, a muscle degenerative disease, we crossed SIRT1 muscle transgenic mice to mdx mice, a genetic model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. SIRT1 overexpression in muscle reverses the phenotype of mdx mice, as determined by histology, creatine kinase release into the blood, and endurance in treadmill exercise. In addition, SIRT1 overexpression also results in increased levels of utrophin, a functional analogue of dystrophin, as well as increased expression of PGC-1α targets and neuromuscular junction genes. Based on these findings, we suggest that pharmacological interventions that activate SIRT1 in skeletal muscle might offer a new approach for treating muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Chalkiadaki
- Glenn Laboratory for the Science of Aging and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Masaki Igarashi
- Glenn Laboratory for the Science of Aging and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Armiyaw Sebastian Nasamu
- Glenn Laboratory for the Science of Aging and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jovana Knezevic
- Glenn Laboratory for the Science of Aging and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leonard Guarente
- Glenn Laboratory for the Science of Aging and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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9
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Pratt SJP, Shah SB, Ward CW, Kerr JP, Stains JP, Lovering RM. Recovery of altered neuromuscular junction morphology and muscle function in mdx mice after injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 72:153-64. [PMID: 24947322 PMCID: PMC4282693 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating neuromuscular disease in which weakness, increased susceptibility to muscle injury, and inadequate repair underlie the pathology. While most attention has focused within the muscle fiber, we recently demonstrated significant alterations in the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) morphology and resulting neuromuscular transmission failure (NTF) 24 h after injury in mdx mice (murine model for DMD). Here we determine the contribution of NMJ morphology and NTF to the recovery of muscle contractile function post-injury. NMJ morphology and NTF rates were assessed day 0 (immediately after injury) and days 1, 7, 14 and 21 after quadriceps injury. Eccentric injury of the quadriceps resulted in a significant loss of maximal torque in both WT (39 ± 6 %) and mdx (76 ± 8 %) with a full recovery in WT by day 7 and in mdx by day 21. Post-injury alterations in NMJ morphology and NTF were found only in mdx, were limited to days 0 and 1, and were independent of changes in MuSK or AChR expression. Such early changes at the NMJ after injury are consistent with mechanical disruption rather than newly forming NMJs. Furthermore, we show that the dense microtubule network that underlies the NMJ is significantly reduced and disorganized in mdx compared to WT. These structural changes at the NMJ may play a role in the increased NMJ disruption and the exaggerated loss of nerve-evoked muscle force seen after injury to dystrophic muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. P. Pratt
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 100 Penn St. AHB, Room 540, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Sameer B. Shah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Jaclyn P. Kerr
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Joseph P. Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 100 Penn St. AHB, Room 540, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Richard M. Lovering
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 100 Penn St. AHB, Room 540, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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10
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Altered acetylcholine release in the hippocampus of dystrophin-deficient mice. Neuroscience 2014; 269:173-83. [PMID: 24704431 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairments have been described in one-third of patients with Duchenne muscle dystrophy (DMD). DMD is characterized by progressive and irreversible muscle degeneration caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene and lack of the protein expression. Previously, we have reported altered concentrations of α7- and β2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in hippocampal membranes of dystrophic (mdx) mice. This suggests that alterations in the central cholinergic synapses are associated with dystrophin deficiency. In this study, we examined the release of acetylcholine (ACh) and the level of the vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT) using synaptosomes isolated from brain regions that normally have a high density of dystrophin (cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum), in control and mdx mice at 4 and 12months of age. ACh release evoked by nicotinic stimulation or K(+) depolarization was measured as the tritium outflow from superfused synaptosomes preloaded with [(3)H]-choline. The results showed that the evoked tritium release was Ca(2+)-dependent and mostly formed by [(3)H]-ACh. β2-containing nAChRs were involved in agonist-evoked [(3)H]-ACh release in control and mdx preparations. In hippocampal synaptosomes from 12-month-old mdx mice, nAChR-evoked [(3)H]-ACh release increased by 57% compared to age-matched controls. Moreover, there was a 98% increase in [(3)H]-ACh release compared to 4-month-old mdx mice. [(3)H]-ACh release evoked by K(+) depolarization was not altered, while the VAChT protein level was decreased (19%) compared to that of age-matched controls. In cortical and cerebellar preparations, there was no difference in nAChR-evoked [(3)H]-ACh release and VAChT levels between mdx and age-matched control groups. Our previous findings and the presynaptic alterations observed in the hippocampi of 12-month-old mdx mice indicate possible dysfunction of nicotinic cholinergic synapses associated with dystrophin deficiency. These changes may contribute to the cognitive and behavioral abnormalities described in dystrophic mice and patients with DMD.
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11
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Ghedini PC, Avellar MCW, De Lima TCM, Lima-Landman MTR, Lapa AJ, Souccar C. Quantitative changes of nicotinic receptors in the hippocampus of dystrophin-deficient mice. Brain Res 2012; 1483:96-104. [PMID: 22995368 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 09/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Lack of dystrophin in Duchenne muscle dystrophy (DMD) and in the mutant mdx mouse results in progressive muscle degeneration, structural changes at the neuromuscular junction, and destabilization of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). One-third of DMD patients also present non-progressive cognitive impairments. Considering the role of the cholinergic system in cognitive functions, the number of nAChR binding sites and the mRNA levels of α4, β2, and α7 subunits were determined in brain regions normally enriched in dystrophin (cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum) of mdx mice using specific ligands and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays, respectively. Membrane preparations of these brain regions were obtained from male control and mdx mice at 4 and 12 months of age. The number of [³H]-cytisine (α4β2) and [¹²⁵I]-α-bungarotoxin ([¹²⁵I]-αBGT, α7) binding sites in the cortex and cerebellum was not altered with age or among age-matched control and mdx mice. A significant reduction in [³H]-cytisine (48%) and [¹²⁵I]-αBGT (37%) binding sites was detected in the hippocampus of mdx mice at 12 months of age. When compared with the age-matched control groups, the mdx mice did not have significantly altered [³H]-cytisine binding in the hippocampus, but [¹²⁵I]-αBGT binding in the same brain region was 52% higher at 4 months and 20% lower at 12 months. mRNA transcripts for the nAChR α4, β2, and α7 subunits were not significantly altered in the same brain regions of all animal groups. These results suggest a potential alteration of the nicotinic cholinergic function in the hippocampus of dystrophin-deficient mice, which might contribute to the impairments in cognitive functions, such as learning and memory, that have been reported in the dystrophic murine model and DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo César Ghedini
- Department of Pharmacology, Section of Natural Products, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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12
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Meinen S, Lin S, Rüegg MA, Punga AR. Fatigue and muscle atrophy in a mouse model of myasthenia gravis is paralleled by loss of sarcolemmal nNOS. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44148. [PMID: 22952904 PMCID: PMC3429452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) patients suffer from chronic fatigue of skeletal muscles, even after initiation of proper immunosuppressive medication. Since the localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) at the muscle membrane is important for sustained muscle contraction, we here study the localization of nNOS in muscles from mice with acetylcholine receptor antibody seropositive (AChR+) experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG). EAMG was induced in 8 week-old male mice by immunization with AChRs purified from torpedo californica. Sham-injected wild type mice and mdx mice, a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, were used for comparison. At EAMG disease grade 3 (severe myasthenic weakness), the triceps, sternomastoid and masseter muscles were collected for analysis. Unlike in mdx muscles, total nNOS expression as well as the presence of its binding partner syntrophin α-1, were not altered in EAMG. Immunohistological and biochemical analysis showed that nNOS was lost from the muscle membrane and accumulated in the cytosol, which is likely the consequence of blocked neuromuscular transmission. Atrophy of all examined EAMG muscles were supported by up-regulated transcript levels of the atrogenes atrogin-1 and MuRF1, as well as MuRF1 protein, in combination with reduced muscle fiber diameters. We propose that loss of sarcolemmal nNOS provides an additional mechanism for the chronic muscle fatigue and secondary muscle atrophy in EAMG and MG.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Cytosol/enzymology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Immunization
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Models, Biological
- Muscle Denervation
- Muscle Fatigue
- Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
- Muscle, Skeletal/immunology
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Muscular Atrophy/complications
- Muscular Atrophy/immunology
- Muscular Atrophy/pathology
- Muscular Atrophy/physiopathology
- Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/complications
- Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/physiopathology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I/deficiency
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I/metabolism
- Phenotype
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cholinergic/metabolism
- Sarcolemma/enzymology
- Sarcolemma/pathology
- Weight Loss
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Meinen
- Department of Neurobiology/Pharmacology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shuo Lin
- Department of Neurobiology/Pharmacology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus A. Rüegg
- Department of Neurobiology/Pharmacology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Rostedt Punga
- Department of Neurobiology/Pharmacology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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13
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Comparison of skeletal muscle pathology and motor function of dystrophin and utrophin deficient mouse strains. Neuromuscul Disord 2012; 22:406-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Onofre-Oliveira PCG, Santos ALF, Martins PM, Ayub-Guerrieri D, Vainzof M. Differential expression of genes involved in the degeneration and regeneration pathways in mouse models for muscular dystrophies. Neuromolecular Med 2012; 14:74-83. [PMID: 22362587 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-012-8172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The genetically determined muscular dystrophies are caused by mutations in genes coding for muscle proteins. Differences in the phenotypes are mainly the age of onset and velocity of progression. Muscle weakness is the consequence of myofiber degeneration due to an imbalance between successive cycles of degeneration/regeneration. While muscle fibers are lost, a replacement of the degraded muscle fibers by adipose and connective tissues occurs. Major investigation points are to elicit the involved pathophysiological mechanisms to elucidate how each mutation can lead to a specific degenerative process and how the regeneration is stimulated in each case. To answer these questions, we used four mouse models with different mutations causing muscular dystrophies, Dmd (mdx), SJL/J, Large (myd) and Lama2 (dy2J) /J, and compared the histological changes of regeneration and fibrosis to the expression of genes involved in those processes. For regeneration, the MyoD, Myf5 and myogenin genes related to the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells were studied, while for degeneration, the TGF-β1 and Pro-collagen 1α2 genes, involved in the fibrotic cascade, were analyzed. The result suggests that TGF-β1 gene is activated in the dystrophic process in all the stages of degeneration, while the activation of the expression of the pro-collagen gene possibly occurs in mildest stages of this process. We also observed that each pathophysiological mechanism acted differently in the activation of regeneration, with distinctions in the induction of proliferation of satellite cells, but with no alterations in stimulation to differentiation. Dysfunction of satellite cells can, therefore, be an important additional mechanism of pathogenesis in the dystrophic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C G Onofre-Oliveira
- Human Research Genome Center, Bioscience Institute, University of São Paulo, R. do Matão, travessa 13, no. 106, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-090, Brazil
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15
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Kravtsova VV, Mikhailov VM, Sokolova AV, Mikhailova EV, Timonina NA, Nikol'skii EE, Krivoi II. Recovery of electrogenesis in skeletal muscles after cell therapy of myodystrophy in MDX mice. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2012; 441:357-9. [PMID: 22227679 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496611060093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V V Kravtsova
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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16
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Kravtsova VV, Shenkman BS, Mikhailov VM, Nikolsky EE, Krivoi II. Effect of functional unloading and the deficit of dystrophin on the local hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s000635091005009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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17
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Okazaki Y, Ohshima N, Yoshizawa I, Kamei Y, Mariggiò S, Okamoto K, Maeda M, Nogusa Y, Fujioka Y, Izumi T, Ogawa Y, Shiro Y, Wada M, Kato N, Corda D, Yanaka N. A novel glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase, GDE5, controls skeletal muscle development via a non-enzymatic mechanism. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:27652-63. [PMID: 20576599 PMCID: PMC2934633 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.106708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases (GP-PDEs) have been identified recently and shown to be implicated in several physiological functions. This study isolated a novel GP-PDE, GDE5, and showed that GDE5 selectively hydrolyzes glycerophosphocholine (GroPCho) and controls skeletal muscle development. We show that GDE5 expression was reduced in atrophied skeletal muscles in mice and that decreasing GDE5 abundance promoted myoblastic differentiation, suggesting that decreased GDE5 expression has a counter-regulatory effect on the progression of skeletal muscle atrophy. Forced expression of full-length GDE5 in cultured myoblasts suppressed myogenic differentiation. Unexpectedly, a truncated GDE5 construct (GDE5DeltaC471), which contained a GP-PDE sequence identified in other GP-PDEs but lacked GroPCho phosphodiesterase activity, showed a similar inhibitory effect. Furthermore, transgenic mice specifically expressing GDE5DeltaC471 in skeletal muscle showed less skeletal muscle mass, especially type II fiber-rich muscle. These results indicate that GDE5 negatively regulates skeletal muscle development even without GroPCho phosphodiesterase activity, providing novel insight into the biological significance of mammalian GP-PDE function in a non-enzymatic mechanism.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line
- Cloning, Molecular
- Computational Biology
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscle Development
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
- Muscle, Skeletal/growth & development
- Muscular Atrophy/enzymology
- Muscular Atrophy/genetics
- Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/chemistry
- Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/genetics
- Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Okazaki
- From the Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Ohshima
- the Department of Biochemistry, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ikumi Yoshizawa
- From the Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Yasutomi Kamei
- the Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Stefania Mariggiò
- the Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, 66030 Chieti, Italy
- the Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Keiko Okamoto
- From the Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Masahiro Maeda
- From the Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nogusa
- From the Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Fujioka
- From the Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takashi Izumi
- the Department of Biochemistry, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- the Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Shiro
- the RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Harima Institute, Hongo 679-5148, Japan, and
| | - Masanobu Wada
- the Department of Human Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Norihisa Kato
- From the Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Daniela Corda
- the Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, 66030 Chieti, Italy
- the Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Noriyuki Yanaka
- From the Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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18
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Ghedini PC, Honda L, Avellar MCW, Souccar C. Presence of mRNA of muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits and an epsilon-subunit splice variant in the mouse brain. Brain Res Bull 2009; 81:453-7. [PMID: 20026389 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 12/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Transcripts encoding for alpha1, beta1, delta, gamma and epsilon (and its splice variant epsilon(s)) subunits of the muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) were assessed using reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays, with RNA extracted from the mouse skeletal muscle (diaphragm) and brain regions (cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum). The presence of alpha1, beta1, delta, gamma, epsilon and epsilon(s) transcripts was confirmed in the diaphragm muscle, used as positive control. mRNAs coding for muscle alpha1, beta1, delta, epsilon, epsilon(s), but not gamma subunits, were detected in adult mouse brain regions. An epsilon-subunit sequence variant, named epsilon(t), was also detected in all brain regions examined, but not in skeletal muscle. This new epsilon-subunit splice variant lacks a 115 bp cassette corresponding to exon 8 in the first intracellular transmembrane domain of the subunit, leading to a truncated protein. The data provide evidence for the presence of muscle-type nAChR subunits in the mouse central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Ghedini
- Department of Pharmacology, Natural Products Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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