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Bereman MS, Beri J, Enders JR, Nash T. Machine Learning Reveals Protein Signatures in CSF and Plasma Fluids of Clinical Value for ALS. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16334. [PMID: 30397248 PMCID: PMC6218542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We use shotgun proteomics to identify biomarkers of diagnostic and prognostic value in individuals diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Matched cerebrospinal and plasma fluids were subjected to abundant protein depletion and analyzed by nano-flow liquid chromatography high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Label free quantitation was used to identify differential proteins between individuals with ALS (n = 33) and healthy controls (n = 30) in both fluids. In CSF, 118 (p-value < 0.05) and 27 proteins (q-value < 0.05) were identified as significantly altered between ALS and controls. In plasma, 20 (p-value < 0.05) and 0 (q-value < 0.05) proteins were identified as significantly altered between ALS and controls. Proteins involved in complement activation, acute phase response and retinoid signaling pathways were significantly enriched in the CSF from ALS patients. Subsequently various machine learning methods were evaluated for disease classification using a repeated Monte Carlo cross-validation approach. A linear discriminant analysis model achieved a median area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94 with an interquartile range of 0.88–1.0. Three proteins composed a prognostic model (p = 5e-4) that explained 49% of the variation in the ALS-FRS scores. Finally we investigated the specificity of two promising proteins from our discovery data set, chitinase-3 like 1 protein and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, using targeted proteomics in a separate set of CSF samples derived from individuals diagnosed with ALS (n = 11) and other neurological diseases (n = 15). These results demonstrate the potential of a panel of targeted proteins for objective measurements of clinical value in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bereman
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA. .,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Joshua Beri
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Enders
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Tara Nash
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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Fermier B, Blasco H, Godat E, Bocca C, Moënne-Loccoz J, Emond P, Andres CR, Laffon M, Ferrandière M. Specific Metabolome Profile of Exhaled Breath Condensate in Patients with Shock and Respiratory Failure: A Pilot Study. Metabolites 2016; 6:metabo6030026. [PMID: 27598216 PMCID: PMC5041125 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shock includes different pathophysiological mechanisms not fully understood and remains a challenge to manage. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) may contain relevant biomarkers that could help us make an early diagnosis or better understand the metabolic perturbations resulting from this pathological situation. OBJECTIVE we aimed to establish the metabolomics signature of EBC from patients in shock with acute respiratory failure in a pilot study. MATERIAL AND METHODS We explored the metabolic signature of EBC in 12 patients with shock compared to 14 controls using LC-HRMS. We used a non-targeted approach, and we performed a multivariate analysis based on Orthogonal Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) to differentiate between the two groups of patients. RESULTS We optimized the procedure of EBC collection and LC-HRMS detected more than 1000 ions in this fluid. The optimization of multivariate models led to an excellent model of differentiation for both groups (Q2 > 0.4) after inclusion of only 6 ions. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION We validated the procedure of EBC collection and we showed that the metabolome profile of EBC may be relevant in characterizing patients with shock. We performed well in distinguishing these patients from controls, and the identification of relevant compounds may be promising for ICC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Fermier
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, CHRU Tours Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France.
| | - Hélène Blasco
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU Bretonneau, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France.
- INSERM U930, équipe Neurogenetics and Neurometabolomics, Université François Rabelais, 10 bd Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France.
| | - Emmanuel Godat
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, CHRU Tours Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France.
| | - Cinzia Bocca
- PPF, Université François Rabelais, 10 bd tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France.
| | - Joseph Moënne-Loccoz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, CHRU Tours Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France.
| | - Patrick Emond
- INSERM U930, équipe Neurogenetics and Neurometabolomics, Université François Rabelais, 10 bd Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France.
- PPF, Université François Rabelais, 10 bd tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France.
| | - Christian R Andres
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU Bretonneau, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France.
- INSERM U930, équipe Neurogenetics and Neurometabolomics, Université François Rabelais, 10 bd Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France.
| | - Marc Laffon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, CHRU Tours Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France.
| | - Martine Ferrandière
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, CHRU Tours Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France.
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Blasco H, Vourc'h P, Pradat PF, Gordon PH, Andres CR, Corcia P. Further development of biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:853-68. [PMID: 27275785 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2016.1199277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an idiopathic neurodegenerative disease usually fatal in less than three years. Even if standard guidelines are available to diagnose ALS, the mean diagnosis delay is more than one year. In this context, biomarker discovery is a priority. Research has to focus on new diagnostic tools, based on combined explorations. AREAS COVERED In this review, we specifically focus on biology and imaging markers. We detail the innovative field of 'omics' approach and imaging and explain their limits to be useful in routine practice. We describe the most relevant biomarkers and suggest some perspectives for biomarker research. Expert commentary: The successive failures of clinical trials in ALS underline the need for new strategy based on innovative tools to stratify patients and to evaluate their responses to treatment. Biomarker data may be useful to improve the designs of clinical trials. Biomarkers are also needed to better investigate disease pathophysiology, to identify new therapeutic targets, and to improve the performance of clinical assessments for diagnosis and prognosis in the clinical setting. A consensus on the best management of neuroimaging and 'omics' methods is necessary and a systematic independent validation of findings may add robustness to future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Blasco
- a UMR INSERM U930 , Université François-Rabelais de Tours , Tours , France.,b Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire , Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de Tours , Tours , France
| | - P Vourc'h
- a UMR INSERM U930 , Université François-Rabelais de Tours , Tours , France.,b Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire , Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de Tours , Tours , France
| | - P F Pradat
- c Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris , Hôpital de la Salpêtrière , Paris , France.,d Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM , Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale , Paris , France
| | - P H Gordon
- e Neurology Unit, Northern Navajo Medical Center , Shiprock , NM , USA
| | - C R Andres
- a UMR INSERM U930 , Université François-Rabelais de Tours , Tours , France.,b Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire , Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de Tours , Tours , France
| | - P Corcia
- a UMR INSERM U930 , Université François-Rabelais de Tours , Tours , France.,b Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire , Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de Tours , Tours , France.,f Centre SLA , Service de Neurologie et Neurophysiologie Clinique, CHRU de Tours , Tours , France
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Blasco H, Patin F, Madji Hounoum B, Gordon PH, Vourc'h P, Andres CR, Corcia P. Metabolomics in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: how far can it take us? Eur J Neurol 2016; 23:447-54. [PMID: 26822316 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease. Alongside identification of aetiologies, development of biomarkers is a foremost research priority. Metabolomics is one promising approach that is being utilized in the search for diagnosis and prognosis markers. Our aim is to provide an overview of the principal research in metabolomics applied to ALS. References were identified using PubMed with the terms 'metabolomics' or 'metabolomic' and 'ALS' or 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis' or 'MND' or 'motor neuron disorders'. To date, nine articles have reported metabolomics research in patients and a few additional studies examined disease physiology and drug effects in patients or models. Metabolomics contribute to a better understanding of ALS pathophysiology but, to date, no biomarker has been validated for diagnosis, principally due to the heterogeneity of the disease and the absence of applied standardized methodology for biomarker discovery. A consensus on best metabolomics methodology as well as systematic independent validation will be an important accomplishment on the path to identifying the long-awaited biomarkers for ALS and to improve clinical trial designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Blasco
- Inserm U930, Tours, France
- Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - F Patin
- Inserm U930, Tours, France
- Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - B Madji Hounoum
- Inserm U930, Tours, France
- Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - P H Gordon
- Northern Navajo Medical Center, Shiprock, NM, USA
| | - P Vourc'h
- Inserm U930, Tours, France
- Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - C R Andres
- Inserm U930, Tours, France
- Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - P Corcia
- Inserm U930, Tours, France
- Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France
- Centre SLA, Service de Neurologie, CHRU Bretonneau, Tours, France
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5
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Nicholson KA, Cudkowicz ME, Berry JD. Clinical Trial Designs in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Does One Design Fit All? Neurotherapeutics 2015; 12:376-83. [PMID: 25700798 PMCID: PMC4404442 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-015-0341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The last 2 decades have seen a surge in the number of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) clinical trials with the hope of finding successful treatments. Clinical trialists aim to repurpose existing drugs and test novel compounds to target potential ALS disease pathophysiology. Recent technological advancements have led to the discovery of new causative genetic agents and modes of delivering potential therapy, calling for increasingly sophisticated trial design. The standard ALS clinical trial design may be modified depending on study needs: type of therapy; route of therapy delivery; phase of therapy development; applicable subpopulation; market availability of therapy; and utility of telemedicine. Novel biomarkers of diagnostic, predictive, prognostic, and pharmacodynamic value are undergoing development and validation for use in clinical trials. Design modifications build on the traditional clinical trial design and may be employed in either the learning or confirming trial phase. Novel designs aim to minimize patient risk, study duration, and sample size, while improving efficiency and promoting statistical power to herald an exciting era for clinical research in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A Nicholson
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Neurological Clinical Research Institute, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 600, Boston, MA, 02114, USA,
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6
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Calvo AC, Manzano R, Mendonça DMF, Muñoz MJ, Zaragoza P, Osta R. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a focus on disease progression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:925101. [PMID: 25157374 PMCID: PMC4137497 DOI: 10.1155/2014/925101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was discovered and described in 1869 as a neurodegenerative disease in which motor neuron death is induced, a wide range of biomarkers have been selected to identify therapeutic targets. ALS shares altered molecular pathways with other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's diseases. However, the molecular targets that directly influence its aggressive nature remain unknown. What is the first link in the neurodegenerative chain of ALS that makes this disease so peculiar? In this review, we will discuss the progression of the disease from the viewpoint of the potential biomarkers described to date in human and animal model samples. Finally, we will consider potential therapeutic strategies for ALS treatment and future, innovative perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Calvo
- LAGENBIO-I3A, Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, Aragonese Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Manzano
- LAGENBIO-I3A, Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, Aragonese Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Deise M. F. Mendonça
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System, Biosciences Department, Federal University of Sergipe, Avenida Vereador Olimpio Grande, s/n, Centro, 49500-000 Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - María J. Muñoz
- LAGENBIO-I3A, Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, Aragonese Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Zaragoza
- LAGENBIO-I3A, Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, Aragonese Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosario Osta
- LAGENBIO-I3A, Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, Aragonese Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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7
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Łukaszewicz-Zając M, Mroczko B, Słowik A. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 121:1387-97. [PMID: 25047909 PMCID: PMC4210652 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases, responsible for the integrity of the basement membrane (BM) via degradation of extracellular matrix and BM components. These enzymes are presented in central and peripheral nervous system. They are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS is a motor neuron disease, leading to muscle atrophy, paralysis and death within 3–5 years from diagnosis. Currently, there is no treatment that can substantially prolong life of ALS patients. Despite the fact that MMPs are not specific for ALS, there is also strong evidence that these enzymes are involved in the pathology of ALS. MMPs are able to exert direct neurotoxic effects, or may cause cell death by degrading matrix proteins. The objective of this paper is to provide an updated and comprehensive review concerning the role of MMPs and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in the pathology of ALS with an emphasis on the significance of MMP-2 and MMP-9 as well as their tissue inhibitors as potential biomarkers of ALS. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed regarding the role of selected MMPs and TIMPs in ALS pathogenesis. Moreover, selective MMPs’ inhibitors might be potential targets for therapeutic strategies for patients with ALS. However, future investigations are necessary before some of those non-specific for ALS enzymes could finally be used as biomarkers of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Łukaszewicz-Zając
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 15 a, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
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8
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[What are the applications of biomarkers in ALS today?]. Presse Med 2014; 43:569-79. [PMID: 24785140 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous biomarkers studies in ALS used targeted and non-targeted approaches, to help for the diagnosis, the prognosis or to identify new pathophysiological ways. The emerging approaches such as "omics" studies are very promising, but the practical and technical limits do not enable their optimization. Even if some biomarkers such as cystatin C or glutamate are highlighted in ALS, to date, no biomarker is currently used in routine practice. Diffusion-based neuroimaging has emerged as a tool to identify the involvement of the central neuron, but a recent meta-analysis shows a poor sensitivity and specificity. Spinal cord imaging has the advantage of simultaneoulsy investigating both the corticospinal tract and the peripheral motor neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord. Its interest to provide biomarkers in ALS is illustrated by recent studies that used a multiparametric approach. The limits of biomarkers studies are principally based on small cohorts, involving a control population who does not allow to assess specificity. The discrepancies between the biomarkers identified in the different studies are based on a strong heterogeneity of the disease and a lack of standardization of the research methodology, including the step of the validation of these molecules in independent cohorts. The perspectives in biomarker research in ALS imply the combination of analytical methods, human abilities and harmonization of the strategies.
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Jiang H, Wang C, Ren M, Yin X, Chi C, Guo L, Ke C, Feng H, Li E. Blood volatile organic compounds as potential biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an animal study in the SOD1 G93A mouse. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:167-173. [PMID: 24715356 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0297-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapid progressive motor neuron disease. Currently, there are no specific or reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis of this disease, and there are no effective medical treatments. The early diagnosis and treatment of this disease has the potential to prolong the survival of ALS patients, but typically, approximately 1 year passes between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis of this disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find specific biomarkers to enable early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in this disease. Analyzing the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in the blood and exhaled breath is a useful and convenient approach for investigating potential biomarkers. In this study, we examined the VOCs present in blood samples from copper zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) glycine to alanine mutation at position 93 (G93A) mice to determine whether a specific biomarker pattern exists in these transgenic mice. Blood samples from ALS mice and their age-matched littermates were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 12 independent compounds associated with oxidative stress were identified at the early stage of disease. The data show that there is a specific pattern of blood VOCs in ALS mice that could potentially be used as biomarkers that could improve the diagnosis of this disease. Furthermore, these compounds could also potentially be used to monitor the response to neuroprotective agents and to help us better understand the underlying mechanisms of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongquan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Changsong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ming Ren
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 150001, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Yin
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunjie Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chaofu Ke
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Honglin Feng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Enyou Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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Krüger T, Lautenschläger J, Grosskreutz J, Rhode H. Proteome analysis of body fluids for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis biomarker discovery. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 7:123-35. [PMID: 23129563 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of motor neurons leading to death of the patients, mostly within 2-5 years after disease onset. The pathomechanism of motor neuron degeneration is only partially understood and therapeutic strategies based on mechanistic insights are largely ineffective. The discovery of reliable biomarkers of disease diagnosis and progression is the sine qua non of both the revelation of insights into the ALS pathomechanism and the assessment of treatment efficacies. Proteomic approaches are an important pillar in ALS biomarker discovery. Cerebrospinal fluid is the most promising body fluid for differential proteome analyses, followed by blood (serum, plasma), and even urine and saliva. The present study provides an overview about reported peptide/protein biomarker candidates that showed significantly altered levels in certain body fluids of ALS patients. These findings have to be discussed according to proposed pathomechanisms to identify modifiers of disease progression and to pave the way for the development of potential therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, limitations and advantages of proteomic approaches for ALS biomarker discovery in different body fluids and reliable validation of biomarker candidates have been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Krüger
- Institute of Biochemistry 1, University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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Conti A, Riva N, Pesca M, Iannaccone S, Cannistraci CV, Corbo M, Previtali SC, Quattrini A, Alessio M. Increased expression of Myosin binding protein H in the skeletal muscle of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Blasco H, Corcia P, Gordon PH, Pradat PF. Biological and neuroimaging biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: 2013 and beyond. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/nmt.13.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is an idiopathic, incurable neurodegenerative disease that is fatal for most patients in less than 3 years from the time weakness first appears. Alongside identification of etiologies and stronger neuroprotective agents, the development of biomarkers is a main research priority. Since the original description, diagnosis and progression measurement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has been clinical. The time from symptom onset to diagnosis is usually more than a year, and clinical research studies utilize clinical end points that have low sensitivity. Few eligible patients and inefficient trials mean that just one or a few new therapies can be tested each year. Biological markers are needed not only to improve the sensitivity of clinical assessments, but also to better examine disease pathophysiology in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Blasco
- UMR INSERM U930, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie & de Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de Tours, France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- Centre SLA, Service de Neurologie & Neurophysiologie Clinique, CHRU de Tours, France
| | - Paul H Gordon
- Départment des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-François Pradat
- Départment des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
- UMR-678, INSERM-UPMC, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
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Gladman M, Cudkowicz M, Zinman L. Enhancing clinical trials in neurodegenerative disorders: lessons from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol 2013; 25:735-42. [PMID: 23160423 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0b013e32835a309d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review article is focused on strategies that may enhance clinical trial efficiency in neurodegenerative disorders, as demonstrated within the research field of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). RECENT FINDINGS Unravelling ALS pathophysiology will result in an increased number of candidate therapeutics. Recent ALS clinical trials have employed novel study designs that expedite the drug development process and limit sample size, including futility, lead-in, selection, adaptive and sequential designs. The search for sensitive and specific biomarkers in ALS continues to develop, and they are essential in accelerating the drug discovery process. Several candidate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), neuroimaging and electrophysiological biomarkers have been recently described in ALS, and some have been successfully employed as secondary outcome measures in clinical trials. The advent of web-based technologies has provided a complementary platform to expedite clinical trials, through electronic data capture, teleconferencing and online registries. In addition, the formation of ALS consortia has enhanced collaborative multicentre studies. SUMMARY ALS research studies have employed novel strategies to accelerate the efficiency and pace of drug discovery. The importance of adapting to novel measures that enhance study efficiency is not unique to ALS and can be applied to other neurodegenerative diseases in search of effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gladman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto Medical School, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kobayashi DT, Shi J, Stephen L, Ballard KL, Dewey R, Mapes J, Chung B, McCarthy K, Swoboda KJ, Crawford TO, Li R, Plasterer T, Joyce C, Chung WK, Kaufmann P, Darras BT, Finkel RS, Sproule DM, Martens WB, McDermott MP, De Vivo DC, Walker MG, Chen KS. SMA-MAP: a plasma protein panel for spinal muscular atrophy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60113. [PMID: 23565191 PMCID: PMC3615018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) presents challenges in (i) monitoring disease activity and predicting progression, (ii) designing trials that allow rapid assessment of candidate therapies, and (iii) understanding molecular causes and consequences of the disease. Validated biomarkers of SMA motor and non-motor function would offer utility in addressing these challenges. Our objectives were (i) to discover additional markers from the Biomarkers for SMA (BforSMA) study using an immunoassay platform, and (ii) to validate the putative biomarkers in an independent cohort of SMA patients collected from a multi-site natural history study (NHS). Methods BforSMA study plasma samples (N = 129) were analyzed by immunoassay to identify new analytes correlating to SMA motor function. These immunoassays included the strongest candidate biomarkers identified previously by chromatography. We selected 35 biomarkers to validate in an independent cohort SMA type 1, 2, and 3 samples (N = 158) from an SMA NHS. The putative biomarkers were tested for association to multiple motor scales and to pulmonary function, neurophysiology, strength, and quality of life measures. We implemented a Tobit model to predict SMA motor function scores. Results 12 of the 35 putative SMA biomarkers were significantly associated (p<0.05) with motor function, with a 13th analyte being nearly significant. Several other analytes associated with non-motor SMA outcome measures. From these 35 biomarkers, 27 analytes were selected for inclusion in a commercial panel (SMA-MAP) for association with motor and other functional measures. Conclusions Discovery and validation using independent cohorts yielded a set of SMA biomarkers significantly associated with motor function and other measures of SMA disease activity. A commercial SMA-MAP biomarker panel was generated for further testing in other SMA collections and interventional trials. Future work includes evaluating the panel in other neuromuscular diseases, for pharmacodynamic responsiveness to experimental SMA therapies, and for predicting functional changes over time in SMA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dione T Kobayashi
- Spinal Muscular Atrophy Foundation, New York, New York, United States of America.
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15
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Toczylowska B, Jamrozik Z, Liebert A, Kwiecinski H. NMR-based Metabonomics of Cerebrospinal Fluid Applied to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0208-5216(13)70053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Cozzolino M, Pesaresi MG, Gerbino V, Grosskreutz J, Carrì MT. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: new insights into underlying molecular mechanisms and opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:1277-330. [PMID: 22413952 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a renewed interest in the pathogenic mechanisms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a late-onset progressive degeneration of motor neurons. The discovery of new genes associated with the familial form of the disease, along with a deeper insight into pathways already described for this disease, has led scientists to reconsider previous postulates. While protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, defective axonal transport, and excitotoxicity have not been dismissed, they need to be re-examined as contributors to the onset or progression of ALS in the light of the current knowledge that the mutations of proteins involved in RNA processing, apparently unrelated to the previous "old partners," are causative of the same phenotype. Thus, newly envisaged models and tools may offer unforeseen clues on the etiology of this disease and hopefully provide the key to treatment.
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Yin F, Ye F, Tan L, Liu K, Xuan Z, Zhang J, Wang W, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Zhang DY. Alterations of signaling pathways in muscle tissues of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 2012; 46:861-70. [PMID: 22996383 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, manifests as progressive weakening of muscles. The diagnosis and prognosis of ALS are often unclear, so useful biomarkers are needed. METHODS Total proteins were extracted from muscle samples from 36 ALS, 17 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and 36 normal individuals. The expression levels of 134 proteins and phosphoproteins were assessed using protein pathway array analysis. RESULTS Seventeen proteins were differentially expressed between ALS and normal muscle, and 9 proteins were differentially expressed between ALS and SMA muscle. The low-level expression of Akt and Factor XIIIB correlates with unfavorable survival, and the risk score calculated based on these proteins predicts the survival of each individual patient. CONCLUSIONS Some proteins could be selected as clinically useful biomarkers. Specifically, Akt and Factor XIIIB were found to be promising biomarkers for estimating prognosis in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Otto M, Bowser R, Turner M, Berry J, Brettschneider J, Connor J, Costa J, Cudkowicz M, Glass J, Jahn O, Lehnert S, Malaspina A, Parnetti L, Petzold A, Shaw P, Sherman A, Steinacker P, Süssmuth S, Teunissen C, Tumani H, Wuolikainen A, Ludolph A. Roadmap and standard operating procedures for biobanking and discovery of neurochemical markers in ALS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 13:1-10. [PMID: 22214350 DOI: 10.3109/17482968.2011.627589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite major advances in deciphering the neuropathological hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), validated neurochemical biomarkers for monitoring disease activity, earlier diagnosis, defining prognosis and unlocking key pathophysiological pathways are lacking. Although several candidate biomarkers exist, translation into clinical application is hindered by small sample numbers, especially longitudinal, for independent verification. This review considers the potential routes to the discovery of neurochemical markers in ALS, and provides a consensus statement on standard operating procedures that will facilitate multicenter collaboration, validation and ultimately clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 34, Ulm, Germany.
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19
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Cardozo-Pelaez F, Bridges RJ. Coupling biomarkers and drug action for neurodegenerative disease therapies: does the nose know?: Commentary on Sattler et al.: human nasal olfactory epithelium as a dynamic marker for CNS therapy development. Exp Neurol 2012; 235:508-12. [PMID: 22465461 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cardozo-Pelaez
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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Bowser R, Turner MR, Shefner J. Biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: opportunities and limitations. Nat Rev Neurol 2011; 7:631-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2011.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Berry JD, Cudkowicz ME. New considerations in the design of clinical trials for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. CLINICAL INVESTIGATION 2011; 1:1375-1389. [PMID: 22545191 PMCID: PMC3335743 DOI: 10.4155/cli.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a devastating neurodegenerative disease caused by loss of motor neurons. Its pathophysiology remains unknown, but progress has been made in understanding its genetic and biochemical basis. Clinical trialists are working to translate basic science successes into human trials with more efficiency, in the hope of finding successful treatments. In the future, new preclinical models, including patient-derived stem cells may augment transgenic animal models as preclinical tools. Biomarker discovery projects aim to identify markers of disease onset and progression for use in clinical trials. New trial designs are reducing study time, improving efficiency and helping to keep pace with the increasing rate of basic and translational discoveries. Ongoing trials with novel designs are paving the way for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Berry
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Neurology Clinical Trials Unit, 149 Thirteenth Street, Suite 2274, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Merit E Cudkowicz
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Neurology Clinical Trials Unit, 149 Thirteenth Street, Suite 2274, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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On the development of markers for pathological TDP-43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with and without dementia. Prog Neurobiol 2011; 95:649-62. [PMID: 21911035 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pathological 43-kDa transactive response sequence DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) has been recognized as the major disease protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin positive, tau and α-synuclein negative inclusions (FTLD-U) and the transitional forms between these multisystem conditions. In order to develop TDP-43 into a successful ALS biomarker, the natural history of TDP-43 pathology needs to be characterized and the underlying pathophysiology established. Here we propose a spatial and temporal "two-axes" model of central nervous system vulnerability for TDP-43 linked degeneration and review recent studies on potential biomarkers related to pathological TDP-43 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, and skeletal muscle. The model includes the following two arms: Firstly, a "motor neuron disease" or "spinal cord/brainstem to motor cortex" axis (with degeneration possibly ascending from the lower motor neurons to the upper motor neurons); and secondly, a "dementia" or "corticoid/allocortex to neocortex" axis (with a probable spread of TDP-43 linked degeneration from the mediotemporal lobe to wider mesocortical and neocortical brain areas). At the cellular level, there is a gradual disappearance of normal TDP-43 in the nucleus in combination with the formation of pathological aggregates in the cell body and cellular processes, which can also be used to identify the stage of the disease process. Moreover, TDP-43 lesions in subpial/subependymal or perivascular localizations have been noted, and this might account for increased CSF and blood TDP-43 levels through mechanisms that remain to be elucidated.
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Ganesalingam J, An J, Shaw CE, Shaw G, Lacomis D, Bowser R. Combination of neurofilament heavy chain and complement C3 as CSF biomarkers for ALS. J Neurochem 2011; 117:528-37. [PMID: 21418221 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive and ultimately fatal neurodegenerative disease with an average survival of 3 years from symptom onset. Rapid and conclusive early diagnosis is essential if interventions with disease-modifying therapies are to be successful. Cytoskeletal modification and inflammation are known to occur during the pathogenesis of ALS. We measured levels of cytoskeletal proteins and inflammatory markers in the CSF of ALS, disease controls and healthy subjects. We determined threshold values for each protein that provided the optimal sensitivity and specificity for ALS within a training set, as determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Interestingly, the optimal assay was a ratio of the levels for phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain and complement C3 (pNFH/C3). We next applied this assay to a separate test set of CSF samples to verify our results. Overall, the predictive pNFH/C3 ratio identified ALS with 87.3% sensitivity and 94.6% specificity in a total of 71 ALS subjects, 52 disease control subjects and 40 healthy subjects. In addition, the level of CSF pNFH correlated with survival of ALS patients. We also detected increased pNFH in the plasma of ALS patients and observed a correlation between CSF and plasma pNFH levels within the same subjects. These findings support large-scale prospective biomarker studies to determine the clinical utility of diagnostic and prognostic signatures in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeban Ganesalingam
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, King's Health Partners, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, London, UK
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Sherman A, Bowser R, Grasso D, Power B, Milligan C, Jaffa M, Cudkowicz M. Proposed BioRepository platform solution for the ALS research community. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:11-6. [DOI: 10.3109/17482968.2010.539233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ryberg H, An J, Darko S, Lustgarten JL, Jaffa M, Gopalakrishnan V, Lacomis D, Cudkowicz M, Bowser R. Discovery and verification of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis biomarkers by proteomics. Muscle Nerve 2010; 42:104-11. [PMID: 20583124 DOI: 10.1002/mus.21683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies using mass spectrometry have discovered candidate biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, those studies utilized small numbers of ALS and control subjects. Additional studies using larger subject cohorts are required to verify these candidate biomarkers. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 100 patients with ALS, 100 disease control, and 41 healthy control subjects were examined by mass spectrometry. Sixty-one mass spectral peaks exhibited altered levels between ALS and controls. Mass peaks for cystatin C and transthyretin were reduced in ALS, whereas mass peaks for posttranslational modified transthyretin and C-reactive protein (CRP) were increased. CRP levels were 5.84 +/- 1.01 ng/ml for controls and 11.24 +/- 1.52 ng/ml for ALS subjects, as determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. This study verified prior mass spectrometry results for cystatin C and transthyretin in ALS. CRP levels were increased in the CSF of ALS patients, and cystatin C level correlated with survival in patients with limb-onset disease. Our biomarker panel predicted ALS with an overall accuracy of 82%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Ryberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, BST S-420, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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