1
|
Singleton JR, Foster-Palmer S, Marcus RL. Exercise as Treatment for Neuropathy in the Setting of Diabetes and Prediabetic Metabolic Syndrome: A Review of Animal Models and Human Trials. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e230921196752. [PMID: 34561989 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210923125832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral neuropathy is among the most common complications of diabetes, but a phenotypically identical distal sensory predominant, painful axonopathy afflicts patients with prediabetic metabolic syndrome, exemplifying a spectrum of risk and continuity of pathogenesis. No pharmacological treatment convincingly improves neuropathy in the setting of metabolic syndrome, but evolving data suggest that exercise may be a promising alternative. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to review in depth the current literature regarding exercise treatment of metabolic syndrome neuropathy in humans and animal models, highlight the diverse mechanisms by which exercise exerts beneficial effects, and examine adherence limitations, safety aspects, modes and dose of exercise. RESULTS Rodent models that recapitulate the organismal milieu of prediabetic metabolic syndrome and the phenotype of its neuropathy provide a strong platform to dissect exercise effects on neuropathy pathogenesis. In these models, exercise reverses hyperglycemia and consequent oxidative and nitrosative stress, improves microvascular vasoreactivity, enhances axonal transport, ameliorates the lipotoxicity and inflammatory effects of hyperlipidemia and obesity, supports neuronal survival and regeneration following injury, and enhances mitochondrial bioenergetics at the distal axon. Prospective human studies are limited in scale but suggest exercise to improve cutaneous nerve regenerative capacity, neuropathic pain, and task-specific functional performance measures of gait and balance. Like other heath behavioral interventions, the benefits of exercise are limited by patient adherence. CONCLUSION Exercise is an integrative therapy that potently reduces cellular inflammatory state and improves distal axonal oxidative metabolism to ameliorate features of neuropathy in metabolic syndrome. The intensity of exercise need not improve cardinal features of metabolic syndrome, including weight, glucose control, to exert beneficial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robin L Marcus
- Department Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, UT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Orlando G, Balducci S, Boulton AJM, Degens H, Reeves ND. Neuromuscular dysfunction and exercise training in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A narrative review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 183:109183. [PMID: 34929255 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common condition that is associated with neuromuscular dysfunction and peripheral sensory impairment. These deficits predispose patients to sensory and motor system limitations, foot ulcers and a high risk of falls. Exercise training has been proposed as an effective tool to alleviate neural deficits and improve whole-body function. Here we review the effects of DPN on neuromuscular function, the mechanisms underlying this impairment, and the neural and muscular adaptations to exercise training. Muscle dysfunction is an early hallmark of DPN. Deficits in muscle strength, power, mass and a greater fatigability are particularly severe in the lower extremity muscles. Non-enzymatic glycation of motor proteins, impaired excitation-contraction coupling and loss of motor units have been indicated as the main factors underlying muscular dysfunction. Among the exercise-based solutions, aerobic training improves neural structure and function and ameliorates neuropathic signs and symptoms. Resistance training induces marked improvement of muscle performance and may alleviate neuropathic pain. A combination of aerobic and resistance training (i.e., combined training) restores small sensory nerve damage, reduces symptoms, and improves muscle function. The evidence so far suggests that exercise training is highly beneficial and should be included in the standard care for DPN patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Orlando
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
| | | | - Andrew J M Boulton
- Department of Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK; Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hans Degens
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK; Lithuanian Sport University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Neil D Reeves
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Neves M, Tavares ALF, Reginato A, Kakihata CMM, Bertolini GRF, Ribeiro LFC. Low-Level Laser Therapy in Different Wavelengths on the Tibialis Anterior Muscle of Wistar Rats After Nerve Compression Injury. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2020; 43:700-707. [PMID: 32896420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traumatic injuries are common and may promote disruption of neuromuscular communication, triggering phenomena that lead to nerve degeneration and affect muscle function. A laser accelerates tissue recovery; however, the parameters used are varied, making it difficult to compare studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy, at 660- and 830-nm wavelengths, on the tibialis anterior muscle of Wistar rats after sciatic nerve compression. METHODS Twenty animals were separated into 4 groups: control, sciatic nerve injury, lesion + 660-nm laser, and lesion + 830-nm laser. In the lesion groups, the right sciatic nerve was surgically exposed and compressed with hemostatic forceps for 30 seconds. After the third postoperative day, the groups with laser therapy were submitted to treatment for 2 weeks totaling 10 applications, performed directly on the surgical scar of the nerve injury. Grip strength was analyzed before and after the nerve injury and during the treatment period. The tibialis anterior muscle was processed for light microscopy, area measurement, smaller diameter, number of fibers, nuclei, and connective tissue. RESULTS The animals submitted to the injury experienced muscular atrophy and morphological changes in the number of muscle fibers and nuclei. In the connective tissue morphometry, there was a decrease in the treated groups compared with the untreated groups. CONCLUSION The laser treatment at different wavelengths showed no improvement in the tibialis anterior muscle of Wistar rats within the morphological and functional aspects evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgana Neves
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Health, State University of Western Paraná (Unioeste), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alana L F Tavares
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Health, State University of Western Paraná (Unioeste), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aline Reginato
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Health, State University of Western Paraná (Unioeste), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Camila M M Kakihata
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Health, State University of Western Paraná (Unioeste), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gladson R F Bertolini
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Health, State University of Western Paraná (Unioeste), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Lucinéia F C Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Health, State University of Western Paraná (Unioeste), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Santana AJ, Debastiani JC, Buratti P, Peretti AL, Kunz RI, Brancalhão RMC, Ribeiro LDFC, Torrejais MM, Bertolini GRF. Sericin and swimming on histomorphometric parameters of denervated plantar muscle in Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 16:eAO4137. [PMID: 29694624 PMCID: PMC6063745 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082018ao4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective To analyze the combined effects of the silk protein sericin and swimming exercise on histomorphometry of the plantar muscle in Wistar rats. Methods Forty adult rats were randomly allocated into 5 groups comprising 8 animals each, as follows: Control, Injury, Sericin, Swim, and Swim plus Sericin. Three days after crushing of the sciatic nerve the rats in the Swim and Swim plus Sericin Groups were submitted to swimming exercise for 21 days. Rats were then euthanized and the plantar muscle harvested and processed. Results Cross-sectional area, peripheral nuclei and muscle fiber counts, nucleus/fiber ratio and smallest muscle fiber width did not differ significantly between groups. Morphological analysis revealed hypertrophic fibers in the Swim Group and evident muscle damage in the Swim plus Sericin and Injury Groups. The percentage of intramuscular collagen was apparently maintained in the Swim Group compared to remaining groups. Conclusion Combined treatment with sericin and swimming exercise did not improve muscle properties. However, physical exercise alone was effective in maintaining intramuscular connective tissue and preventing progression of deleterious effects of peripheral nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pâmela Buratti
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Santana A, Debastiani JC, Kunz RI, Buratti P, Brancalhão RMC, de Fátima Chasko Ribeiro L, Torrejais MM, Bertolini GRF. Association of sericin and swimming on the phenotype, motor plate, and functionality of the denervated plantar muscle of Wistar rats. J Exerc Rehabil 2018; 14:24-31. [PMID: 29511649 PMCID: PMC5833964 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1835138.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise may help maintain muscle properties and functional improvement after peripheral nerve lesion, which may be enhanced by using biocompatible substances, such as sericin. The aim of this study was analyse the effect of sericin associated with swimming exercise on the phenotype, innervation, and functionality of the plantar muscle of Wistar rats. Forty randomly divided adult rats were used in five groups of eight animals: control, injury, sericin, exercise, exercise and sericin. The application of sericin was done on the spot, 100 μL, shortly after nerve compression. Three days after sciatic nerve compression, the swimming and swimming and sericin groups were submitted to physical swimming exercise for 21 days. Afterwards, the animals were euthanised and the plantar muscle was dissected and submitted to histochemical and histoenzymological techniques. The grip strength test did not show alterations in muscular functionality, and the control presented greater muscle mass in relation to the other groups, the same did not occur for muscle length. Polymorphic neuromuscular junctions were detected in the groups, although without significant morphometric alterations of the area, major and minor diameters. The percentage of type I fibres was lower in the lesion group and there was no difference in fibres IIa and IIb between groups. The area of fibres I, IIa and IIb remained constant between groups. Sericin biopolymer combined with swimming exercise did not affect plantar muscle function, submitted to experimental axonotmosis, whose contractile properties were altered by nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Santana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde da, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Jean Carlos Debastiani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde da, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Regina Inês Kunz
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Pamela Buratti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde da, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bonetti LV, Malysz T, Ilha J, Barbosa S, Achaval M, Faccioni-Heuser MC. The Effects of Two Different Exercise Programs on the Ultrastructural Features of the Sciatic Nerve and Soleus Muscle After Sciatic Crush. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:1654-1661. [PMID: 28463452 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries constitute a significant medical problem and the recovery is critically dependent on post-injury treatment. In this study, following sciatic nerve crush, we investigated the effects of a 4-week endurance training program (ET) and balance and coordination training program (BCT) on the ultrastructural features of the sciatic nerve and soleus muscle. The animals were randomly divided into Sham, non-trained (NT), ET, and BCT groups each of which included three animals. Ultra-thin cross and longitudinal sections (70-85 nm) were digitized and analyzed comparatively. The electron micrographic analysis of the sciatic nerve showed similar organelles features in the injury groups (myelin debris and swelling mitochondria). Nonetheless, the ET group presented better ultrastructural features as demonstrated by the greater predominance of rounded fibers and more defined organization in the myelinated axon bundles. In the soleus muscle's analyses, the injured groups demonstrated similar organelles' features (nucleus contained highly heterochromatic nuclei and smaller mitochondria). However, ET and BCT groups showed apparently enlarged myofibril cross-sectional areas and less collagen around muscle fibers, although, the ET group displayed reduced intermyofibrillar spaces and more closely aligned myofilaments when compared with the BCT group. Based on electron micrographic analysis, our findings suggest the presence of ultrastructural differences between the Sham, NT, and the trained groups. Therefore, exercise type seems to be responsible for producing some different positive features in the trained groups, while ET seems to have a more pronounced influence on the ultrastructural features of the sciatic nerve and the soleus muscle after a crush injury. Anat Rec, 300:1654-1661, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Viçosa Bonetti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Taís Malysz
- Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Jocemar Ilha
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Experimental (LAPEx), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - Silvia Barbosa
- Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Matilde Achaval
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Faccioni-Heuser
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Oliveira VGCD, Maifrino LBM, Pithon-Curi TC, França ED, Souza RRD. EFFECTS OF AEROBIC TRAINING ON THE CARDIOMYOCYTES OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM OF MICE. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220162205155776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Polypeptide hormones (natriuretic peptides, NPs) are secreted by the cardiac atria and play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. Objective: To evaluate the effects of aerobic training on the secretory apparatus of NPs in cardiomyocytes of the right atrium. Methods: Nine-month-old mice were divided in two groups (n=10): control group (CG) and trained group (TG). The training protocol was performed on a motor treadmill for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was measured at the beginning of the experiment (9 months of age) and at moment of the sacrifice (11 months of age). Electron micrographs were used to quantify the following variables: the quantitative density and area of NP granules, the relative volumes of the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi complex and the relative volume of euchromatin in the nucleus and the number of pores per 10 µm of the nuclear membrane. The results were compared by Student's t test (p< 0.05). Results: The cardiomyocytes obtained from TG mice showed increased density and sectional area of secretory granules of NP, higher relative volume of endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and Golgi complex compared with the CG mice. Furthermore, the quantitative density of nuclear pores and the relative volume of euchromatin in the nucleus were significantly higher compared with the CG mice. Conclusion: Aerobic training caused hypertrophy of the secretory apparatus in the cardiomyocytes of right atrium, which could explain the intense synthesis of natriuretic peptides in trained mice with respect to the untrained mice.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim HJ, So B, Son JS, Song HS, Oh SL, Seong JK, Lee H, Song W. Resistance training inhibits the elevation of skeletal muscle derived-BDNF level concomitant with improvement of muscle strength in zucker diabetic rat. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2016; 19:281-8. [PMID: 27274460 PMCID: PMC4886843 DOI: 10.5717/jenb.2015.15112402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] In the present study, we investigated the effects of 8 weeks of progressive resistance training on the level of skeletal muscle derived BDNF as well as glucose intolerance in Zucker diabetic rats. [Methods] Six week-old male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and Zucker lean control (ZLC) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sedentary ZLC (ZLC-Con), sedentary ZDF (ZDF-Con), and exercised ZDF (ZDF-Ex). Progressive resistance training using a ladder and tail weights was performed for 8 weeks (3 days/week). [Results] After 8 weeks of resistance training, substantial reduction in body weight was observed in ZDF-Ex compared to ZDF-Con. Though the skeletal muscle volume did not change, grip strength grip strength was significantly higher in ZDF-Ex compared to ZDF-Con. In the soleus, the level of BDNF was increased in ZDF-Con, but was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in ZDF-Ex, showing a training effect. Moreover, we found that there was a negative correlation (r=-0.657; p=0.004) between grip strength and BDNF level whereas there was a positive correlation (r=0.612; p=0.008) between plasma glucose level and BDNF level in skeletal muscle. [Conclusion] Based upon our results, we demonstrated that resistance training inhibited the elevation of skeletal muscle derived-BDNF expression concomitant with the improvement of muscle strength in zucker diabetic rats. In addition, muscle-derived BDNF might be a potential mediator for the preventive effect of resistance training on the progress of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jae Kim
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghun So
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seok Son
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sol Song
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Lyul Oh
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine Seoul National University, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyoung Lee
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Song
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Severo Do Nascimento P, Lovatel GA, Ilha J, Schaan BD, Achaval M. Diabetes increases mechanical sensitivity and causes morphological abnormalities in the sural nerve that are prevented by treadmill training. Muscle Nerve 2012; 47:46-52. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.23450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|