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Choi Y, Nam YH, Jeong S, Lee HY, Choi SY, Park S, Jung SC. Biochemical and functional characterization of skeletal muscle cells differentiated from tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Muscle Nerve 2023. [PMID: 37243484 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Human tonsils are a readily accessible source of stem cells for the potential treatment of skeletal muscle disorders. We reported previously that tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) can differentiate into skeletal muscle cells (SKMCs), which renders TMSCs promising candidates for cell therapy for skeletal muscle disorders. However, the functional properties of the myocytes differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells have not been clearly evaluated. In this study we investigated whether myocytes differentiated from TMSCs (skeletal muscle cells derived from tonsil mesenchymal stem cells [TMSC-SKMCs]) exhibit the functional characteristics of SKMCs. METHODS To test the insulin reactivity of TMSC-SKMCs, the expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt was analyzed after the cells were treated for 30 minutes with 100 nmol/L insulin in normal or high-glucose medium. We also examined whether these cells formed a neuromuscular junction (NMJ) when cocultured with motor neurons, and whether they were stimulated by electrical signals using whole-cell patch clamping. RESULTS Skeletal muscle cells derived from tonsil mesenchymal stem cells expressed SKMC markers, such as MYOD, MYH3, MYH8, TNNI1, and TTN, at high levels, and exhibited a multinucleated cell morphology and a myotube-like shape. The expression of the acetylcholine receptor and GLUT4 was confirmed in TMSC-SKMCs. In addition, these cells exhibited insulin-mediated glucose uptake, NMJ formation, and transient changes in cell membrane action potential, all of which are representative functions of human SKMCs. DISCUSSION Tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells can be functionally differentiated into SKMCs and may have potential for clinical application for the treatment of skeletal muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonzi Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Hwa Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yoon Lee
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Saeyoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park S, Jeong S, Nam YH, Yum Y, Jung SC. Transplantation of Differentiated Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorates Murine Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy via Autophagy Activation. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:1283-1294. [PMID: 36318366 PMCID: PMC9679082 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00489-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscles play many important roles in the human body and any malfunction or disorder of the skeletal muscles can lead to a reduced quality of life. Some skeletal dysfunctions are acquired, such as sarcopenia but others are congenital. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is one of the most common forms of hereditary muscular dystrophy and is caused by a deficiency of the protein, Dystrophin. Currently, there is no clear treatment for DMD, there are only methods that can alleviate the symptoms of the disease. Mesenchymal stem cells, including tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) have been shown to differentiate into skeletal muscle cells (TMSC-myocyte) and can be one of the resources for the treatment of DMD. Skeletal muscle cell characteristics of TMSC-myocytes have been confirmed through changes in morphology and expression of skeletal muscle markers such as Myogenin, Myf6, and MYH families after differentiation. MEOTHDS Based on these characteristics, TMSC-myocytes have been transplanted into mdx mice, a mouse model of DMD, to investigate whether they can help improve the symptoms of DMD. The red fluorescent protein gene was transduced into TMSC (TMSC-R) for tracking transplanted cells. RESULTS Prior to transplantation (TP), it was confirmed whether TMSC-R-myocytes had the same differentiation potential as TMSC-myocytes. Increased expression of dystrophin and autophagy markers in the TP group compared with the sham group was confirmed in the gastrocnemius muscle 12 weeks after TP. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate muscle regeneration and functional recovery of mdx via autophagy activation following TMSC-myocyte TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeyoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Hwa Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonji Yum
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Protect Muscle Loss by miR-145-5p Activity Targeting Activin A Receptors. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082169. [PMID: 34440938 PMCID: PMC8394132 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass is decreased under a wide range of pathologic conditions. In particular, chemotherapy is well known for inducing muscle loss and atrophy. Previous studies using tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (T-MSCs) or a T-MSC-conditioned medium showed effective recovery of total body weight in the chemotherapy-preconditioned bone marrow transplantation mouse model. This study investigated whether extracellular vesicles of T-MSCs, such as exosomes, are a key player in the recovery of body weight and skeletal muscle mass in chemotherapy-treated mice. T-MSC exosomes transplantation significantly decreased loss of total body weight and muscle mass in the busulfan-cyclophosphamide conditioning regimen in BALB/c recipient mice containing elevated serum activin A. Additionally, T-MSC exosomes rescued impaired C2C12 cell differentiation in the presence of activin A in vitro. We found that T-MSC exosomes possess abundant miR-145-5p, which targets activin A receptors, ACVR2A, and ACVR1B. Indeed, T-MSC exosomes rescue muscle atrophy both in vivo and in vitro via miR-145-5p dependent manner. These results suggest that T-MSC exosomes have therapeutic potential to maintain or improve skeletal muscle mass in various activin A elevated pathologic conditions.
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Choi DH, Oh SY, Choi JK, Lee KE, Lee JY, Park YJ, Jo I, Park YS. A transcriptomic analysis of serial-cultured, tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells reveals decreased integrin α3 protein as a potential biomarker of senescent cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:359. [PMID: 32807231 PMCID: PMC7430027 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01860-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used for stem cell therapy, and serial passage of stem cells is often required to obtain sufficient cell numbers for practical applications in regenerative medicine. A long-term serial cell expansion can potentially induce replicative senescence, which leads to a progressive decline in stem cell function and stemness, losing multipotent characteristics. To improve the therapeutic efficiency of stem cell therapy, it would be important to identify specific biomarkers for senescent cells. Methods Tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) with 20–25 passages were designated as culture-aged TMSCs, and their mesodermal differentiation potentials as well as markers of senescence and stemness were compared with the control TMSCs passaged up to 8 times at the most (designated as young). A whole-genome analysis was used to identify novel regulatory factors that distinguish between the culture-aged and control TMSCs. The identified markers of replicative senescence were validated using Western blot analyses. Results The culture-aged TMSCs showed longer doubling time compared to control TMSCs and had higher expression of senescence-associated (SA)-β-gal staining but lower expression of the stemness protein markers, including Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2 with decreased adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potentials. Microarray analyses identified a total of 18,614 differentially expressed genes between the culture-aged and control TMSCs. The differentially expressed genes were classified into the Gene Ontology categories of cellular component (CC), functional component (FC), and biological process (BP) using KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathway analysis. This analysis revealed that those genes associated with CC and BP showed the most significant difference between the culture-aged and control TMSCs. The genes related to extracellular matrix-receptor interactions were also shown to be significantly different (p < 0.001). We also found that culture-aged TMSCs had decreased expressions of integrin α3 (ITGA3) and phosphorylated AKT protein (p-AKT-Ser473) compared to the control TMSCs. Conclusions Our data suggest that activation of ECM-receptor signaling, specifically involved with integrin family-mediated activation of the intracellular cell survival-signaling molecule AKT, can regulate stem cell senescence in TMSCs. Among these identified factors, ITGA3 was found to be a representative biomarker of the senescent TMSCs. Exclusion of the TMSCs with the senescent TMSC markers in this study could potentially increase the therapeutic efficacy of TMSCs in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hyeon Choi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Oh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea.,Ewha Tonsil-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Research Center (ETSRC), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Kwang Choi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Eun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Lee
- Central Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Park
- Central Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Dental Regenerative Bioengineering and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Jo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea.,Ewha Tonsil-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Research Center (ETSRC), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Shin Park
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Park S, Jung N, Myung S, Choi Y, Chung KW, Choi BO, Jung SC. Differentiation of Human Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Schwann-Like Cells Improves Neuromuscular Function in a Mouse Model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 1A. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082393. [PMID: 30110925 PMCID: PMC6121309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is the most common inherited motor and sensory neuropathy, and is caused by duplication of PMP22, alterations of which are a characteristic feature of demyelination. The clinical phenotype of CMT1A is determined by the degree of axonal loss, and patients suffer from progressive muscle weakness and impaired sensation. Therefore, we investigated the potential of Schwann-like cells differentiated from human tonsil-derived stem cells (T-MSCs) for use in neuromuscular regeneration in trembler-J (Tr-J) mice, a model of CMT1A. After differentiation, we confirmed the increased expression of Schwann cell (SC) markers, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which suggests the differentiation of T-MSCs into SCs (T-MSC-SCs). To test their functional efficiency, the T-MSC-SCs were transplanted into the caudal thigh muscle of Tr-J mice. Recipients’ improved locomotive activity on a rotarod test, and their sciatic function index, which suggests that transplanted T-MSC-SCs ameliorated demyelination and atrophy of nerve and muscle in Tr-J mice. Histological and molecular analyses showed the possibility of in situ remyelination by T-MSC-SCs transplantation. These findings demonstrate that the transplantation of heterologous T-MSC-SCs induced neuromuscular regeneration in mice and suggest they could be useful for the therapeutic treatment of patients with CMT1A disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeyoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Namhee Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Seoha Myung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Yoonyoung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Ki Wha Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea.
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Sung-Chul Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
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Kim G, Park YS, Lee Y, Jin YM, Choi DH, Ryu KH, Park YJ, Park KD, Jo I. Tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cell-embedded in situ crosslinkable gelatin hydrogel therapy recovers postmenopausal osteoporosis through bone regeneration. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200111. [PMID: 29975738 PMCID: PMC6033433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated therapeutic potential of human tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSC) subcutaneously delivered to ovariectomized (OVX) mice for developing more safe and effective therapy for osteoporosis. TMSC were isolated from tonsil tissues of children undergoing tonsillectomy, and TMSC-embedded in situ crosslinkable gelatin-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid hydrogel (TMSC-GHH) or TMSC alone were delivered subcutaneously to the dorsa of OVX mice. After 3 months, three-dimensionally reconstructed micro-computed tomographic images revealed better recovery of the femoral heads in OVX mice treated with TMSC-GHH. Serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase were also recovered, indicating bone formation only in TMSC-GHH-treated mice, and absence in hypercalcemia or other severe macroscopic deformities showed biocompatibility of TMSC-GHH. Additionally, visceral fat reduction effects by TMSC-GHH further supported their therapeutic potential. TMSC provided therapeutic benefits toward osteoporosis only when embedded in GHH, and showed potential as a supplement or alternative to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyungah Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ewha Tonsil-derived mesenchymal Stem cells Research Center (ETSRC), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Shin Park
- Major in Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunki Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Mi Jin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ewha Tonsil-derived mesenchymal Stem cells Research Center (ETSRC), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hyeon Choi
- Major in Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ha Ryu
- Ewha Tonsil-derived mesenchymal Stem cells Research Center (ETSRC), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Park
- Department of Dental Regenerative Biotechnology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Central Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Dong Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Jo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Ewha Tonsil-derived mesenchymal Stem cells Research Center (ETSRC), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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