1
|
Marafi D. Founder mutations and rare disease in the Arab world. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050715. [PMID: 38922202 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Founder mutations are disease-causing variants that occur frequently in geographically or culturally isolated groups whose shared ancestor(s) carried the pathogenic variant. While some disease alleles may vanish from the genetic pool due to natural selection, variants with weaker effects may survive for a long time, thereby enhancing the prevalence of some rare diseases. These are predominantly autosomal recessive diseases but can also be autosomal dominant traits with late-onset or mild phenotypes. Cultural practices, such as endogamy and consanguinity, in these isolated groups lead to higher prevalence of such rare diseases compared to the rest of the population and worldwide. In this Perspective, we define population isolates and the underlying genetic mechanisms for accumulating founder mutations. We also discuss the current and potential scientific, clinical and public-health implications of studying founder mutations in population isolates around the world, with a particular focus on the Arab population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Marafi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, 13110 Safat, Kuwait
- Section of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Adan Hospital, Ministry of Health, Hadiya 52700, Kuwait
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Centre, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 80901, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Inherited myopathies in the Middle East and North Africa. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
3
|
Genetic and Clinical Spectrum of GNE Myopathy in Russia. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13111991. [PMID: 36360228 PMCID: PMC9690815 DOI: 10.3390/genes13111991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
GNE myopathy (GNEM) is a rare hereditary disease, but at the same time, it is the most common distal myopathy in several countries due to a founder effect of some pathogenic variants in the GNE gene. We collected the largest cohort of patients with GNEM from Russia and analyzed their mutational spectrum and clinical data. In our cohort, 10 novel variants were found, including 2 frameshift variants and 2 large deletions. One novel missense variant c.169_170delGCinsTT (p.(Ala57Phe)) was detected in 4 families in a homozygous state and in 3 unrelated patients in a compound heterozygous state. It was the second most frequent variant in our cohort. All families with this novel frequent variant were non-consanguineous and originated from the 3 neighboring areas in the European part of Russia. The clinical picture of the patients carrying this novel variant was typical, but the severity of clinical manifestation differed significantly. In our study, we reported two atypical cases expanding the phenotypic spectrum of GNEM. One female patient had severe quadriceps atrophy, hand joint contractures, keloid scars, and non-classical pattern on leg muscle magnetic resonance imaging, which was more similar to atypical collagenopathy rather than GNEM. Another patient initially had been observed with spinal muscular atrophy due to asymmetric atrophy of hand muscles and results of electromyography. The peculiar pattern of muscle involvement on magnetic resonance imaging consisted of pronounced changes in the posterior thigh muscle group with relatively spared muscles of the lower legs, apart from the soleus muscles. Different variants in the GNE gene were found in both atypical cases. Thus, our data expand the mutational and clinical spectrum of GNEM.
Collapse
|
4
|
Mroczek M, Inashkina I, Stavusis J, Zayakin P, Khrunin A, Micule I, Kenina V, Zdanovica A, Zídková J, Fajkusová L, Limborska S, van der Kooi AJ, Brusse E, Leonardis L, Maver A, Pajusalu S, Õunap K, Puusepp S, Dobosz P, Sypniewski M, Burnyte B, Lace B. CAPN3 c.1746-20C>G variant is hypomorphic for LGMD R1 calpain 3-related. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:1347-1353. [PMID: 35731190 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The investigated intronic CAPN3 variant NM_000070.3:c.1746-20C>G occurs in the Central and Eastern Europe with a frequency of >1% and there are conflicting interpretations on its pathogenicity. We collected data on 14 patients carrying the CAPN3 c.1746-20C>G variant in trans position with another CAPN3 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant. The patients compound heterozygous for the CAPN3 c.1746-20C>G variant presented a phenotype consistent with calpainopathy of mild/medium severity. This variant is most frequent in the North/West regions of Russia and may originate from that area. Molecular studies revealed that different splicing isoforms are produced in the muscle. We hypothesize that c.1746-20C>G is a hypomorphic variant with a reduction of RNA and protein expression and only individuals having a higher ratio of abnormal isoforms are affected. Reclassification of the CAPN3 variant c.1746-20C>G from variant with a conflicting interpretation of pathogenicity to hypomorphic variant explains many unidentified cases of limb girdle muscular dystrophy R1 calpain 3-related in Eastern and Central Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mroczek
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Andrey Khrunin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Ieva Micule
- Biomedical Research and Study Center, Riga, Latvia
| | - Victorija Kenina
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.,Rare Disease Center, Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Jana Zídková
- Centre of Molecular Biology And Genetics, University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Fajkusová
- Centre of Molecular Biology And Genetics, University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Svetlana Limborska
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Anneke J van der Kooi
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Brusse
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lea Leonardis
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ales Maver
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sander Pajusalu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sanna Puusepp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Paula Dobosz
- MNM Diagnostics Sp. z o.o., Poznań, Poland.,Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, University Clinical Center of the Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of the Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Birute Burnyte
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Baiba Lace
- Biomedical Research and Study Center, Riga, Latvia.,Medical Genetics Clinic, Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alam M, Alathaibi A, Kashif M, Zakaria M, Attar R, Al-Ghamdi H, Al Harbi A. GNE – related severe congenital macrothrombocytopenia: A case report and literature review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED HEMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/joah.joah_44_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
6
|
Savarese M, Sarparanta J, Vihola A, Jonson PH, Johari M, Rusanen S, Hackman P, Udd B. Panorama of the distal myopathies. ACTA MYOLOGICA : MYOPATHIES AND CARDIOMYOPATHIES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY OF MYOLOGY 2020; 39:245-265. [PMID: 33458580 PMCID: PMC7783427 DOI: 10.36185/2532-1900-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Distal myopathies are genetic primary muscle disorders with a prominent weakness at onset in hands and/or feet. The age of onset (from early childhood to adulthood), the distribution of muscle weakness (upper versus lower limbs) and the histological findings (ranging from nonspecific myopathic changes to myofibrillar disarrays and rimmed vacuoles) are extremely variable. However, despite being characterized by a wide clinical and genetic heterogeneity, the distal myopathies are a category of muscular dystrophies: genetic diseases with progressive loss of muscle fibers. Myopathic congenital arthrogryposis is also a form of distal myopathy usually caused by focal amyoplasia. Massive parallel sequencing has further expanded the long list of genes associated with a distal myopathy, and contributed identifying as distal myopathy-causative rare variants in genes more often related with other skeletal or cardiac muscle diseases. Currently, almost 20 genes (ACTN2, CAV3, CRYAB, DNAJB6, DNM2, FLNC, HNRNPA1, HSPB8, KHLH9, LDB3, MATR3, MB, MYOT, PLIN4, TIA1, VCP, NOTCH2NLC, LRP12, GIPS1) have been associated with an autosomal dominant form of distal myopathy. Pathogenic changes in four genes (ADSSL, ANO5, DYSF, GNE) cause an autosomal recessive form; and disease-causing variants in five genes (DES, MYH7, NEB, RYR1 and TTN) result either in a dominant or in a recessive distal myopathy. Finally, a digenic mechanism, underlying a Welander-like form of distal myopathy, has been recently elucidated. Rare pathogenic mutations in SQSTM1, previously identified with a bone disease (Paget disease), unexpectedly cause a distal myopathy when combined with a common polymorphism in TIA1. The present review aims at describing the genetic basis of distal myopathy and at summarizing the clinical features of the different forms described so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Savarese
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Sarparanta
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Vihola
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Genetics, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Per Harald Jonson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mridul Johari
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Rusanen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Hackman
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li X, Li Y, Lei M, Tian J, Yang Z, Kuang S, Tan Y, Bo T. Congenital thrombocytopenia associated with GNE mutations in twin sisters: a case report and literature review. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:224. [PMID: 33198675 PMCID: PMC7670786 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Neonatal thrombocytopenia is common in preterm and term neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units. The etiology behind neonatal thrombocytopenia is complex. Inherited thrombocytopenia is rare and usually results from genetic mutations. Case presentation Here we report a case of twins with severe inherited thrombocytopenia presented in the neonatal period who were shown to be compound heterozygotes for 2 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (GNE) gene mutations, c.1351C > T and c.1330G > T, of which c.1330G > T is a novel mutation. Conclusion These two GNE mutations may help in the diagnosis and management of thrombocytopenia diagnosed in neonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road NO.138, Changsha, 410013, China.,Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road NO.138, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Min Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road NO.138, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road NO.138, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zuocheng Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road NO.138, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Shoujin Kuang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road NO.138, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yanjuan Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road NO.138, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Tao Bo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road NO.138, Changsha, 410013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
GNE myopathy - A cross-sectional study on spatio-temporal gait characteristics. Neuromuscul Disord 2019; 29:961-967. [PMID: 31787465 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
GNE myopathy is a rare, predominantly distal myopathy, involving mainly the lower limbs and presenting with gait disturbances. In this cross-sectional study gait evaluation of 23 (14 men) genetically confirmed GNE myopathy patients was done using Instrumented walkway analysis (GAITRite®) along with video gait capture. We recorded the topographical pattern of muscles involvement in lower limbs and correlated Functional Ambulation Profile-FAP and Medical Research council-MRC grading of lower limb scores with duration of illness. Early foot flat, foot drop gait with wider out-toed stance and higher perturbations with increased pressure at heel and decreased arm swing were noted. Muscle topography showed predominant weakness in ankle dorsi-flexors, flexor hallucis longus, extensor hallucis longus, hip adductors and knee flexors with stark sparing of quadriceps and relative sparing of hip- abductors, extensors, flexors and ankle plantar-flexors. Gait parameters in women were significantly more affected than men (p < 0.05) for the same duration of illness. FAP score and MRC grading of lower limb scores correlated significantly with duration of illness (p < 0.05). We observed that ankle dorsiflexors were affected earliest with sparing of quadriceps muscles in these patients.
Collapse
|