Stokes Shift in Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskites: Current Status and Perspective

Inorganic metal halide perovskite system is considered as a promising candidate for applications from display to biomedical industry. Intrinsic inorganic lead halides possess small Stokes shift or self-absorption, providing negative impact for both photo voltaic and biomedical applications. Therefore, the development of an inorganic halide perovskite system with large Stokes shift is a significant venture. This review aims to provide an updated survey of the Stokes shift phenomena in the inorganic lead halide perovskites. The first section focuses about the mechanism, the second section gives different approaches in preparing inorganic perovskites with distinct Stokes shift, while the third section highlights the potential applications in both photovoltaic and biomedical areas. This review provides deep insight about the importance and usefulness of such phenomena in inorganic lead halides, essential for various applications.

Phase Control of Cs-Pb-Br Derivatives to Suppress 0D Cs4 PbBr6 for High-Efficiency and Stable All-Inorganic CsPbBr3 Perovskite Solar Cells

The precise phase control of Cs-Pb-Br derivatives from 3D CsPbBr₃ to 0D Cs₄ PbBr₆ highly determines the photovoltaic performance of all-inorganic CsPbBr₃ perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, the preferred phase conversion from precursor to Cs-Pb-Br derivatives is revealed by theoretically calculating the Gibbs free energies (∆G) of various phase conversion processes, allowing for a simplified multi-step solution-processable spin-coating method to hinder the formation of detrimental 0D Cs₄ PbBr₆ phase and enhance the photovoltaic performance of a PSC because of its large exciton binding energy, which is regarded as a recombination center. By further accelerating the interfacial charge extraction with a novel 2D transition metal dichalcogenide ReSe₂ , the hole-free CsPbBr₃ PSC achieves a champion efficiency of 10.67% with an impressive open-circuit voltage of 1.622 V and an excellent long-term stability. This work provides an in-depth understanding on the precise Cs-Pb-Br perovskite phase control and the effect of derivatives on photovoltaic performance of advanced CsPbBr₃ PSCs.