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Lolansen SD, Barbuskaite D, Ye F, Xiang J, Keep RF, MacAulay N. Spontaneously hypertensive rats can become hydrocephalic despite undisturbed secretion and drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:53. [PMID: 37403103 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrocephalus constitutes a complex neurological condition of heterogeneous origin characterized by excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation within the brain ventricles. The condition may dangerously elevate the intracranial pressure (ICP) and cause severe neurological impairments. Pharmacotherapies are currently unavailable and treatment options remain limited to surgical CSF diversion, which follows from our incomplete understanding of the hydrocephalus pathogenesis. Here, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying development of hydrocephalus in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), which develop non-obstructive hydrocephalus without the need for surgical induction. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging was employed to delineate brain and CSF volumes in SHRs and control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Brain water content was determined from wet and dry brain weights. CSF dynamics related to hydrocephalus formation in SHRs were explored in vivo by quantifying CSF production rates, ICP, and CSF outflow resistance. Associated choroid plexus alterations were elucidated with immunofluorescence, western blotting, and through use of an ex vivo radio-isotope flux assay. RESULTS SHRs displayed brain water accumulation and enlarged lateral ventricles, in part compensated for by a smaller brain volume. The SHR choroid plexus demonstrated increased phosphorylation of the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter NKCC1, a key contributor to choroid plexus CSF secretion. However, neither CSF production rate, ICP, nor CSF outflow resistance appeared elevated in SHRs when compared to WKY rats. CONCLUSION Hydrocephalus development in SHRs does not associate with elevated ICP and does not require increased CSF secretion or inefficient CSF drainage. SHR hydrocephalus thus represents a type of hydrocephalus that is not life threatening and that occurs by unknown disturbances to the CSF dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Diana Lolansen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Dagne Barbuskaite
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Fenghui Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Jianming Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Nanna MacAulay
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark.
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Saylam B, Efesoy O, Bozdoğan Arpacı R, Tiftik RN, Tek M, Büyükafşar K, Bozlu M, Çayan S. The effect of testosterone replacement therapy on bladder functions, histology, apoptosis, and Rho-kinase expression in bladder outlet obstruction and hypogonadism rat model. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:1491-1499. [PMID: 33387987 PMCID: PMC8326749 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2004-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim The effect of testosterone replacement therapy was investigated on bladder functions, histology, apoptosis as well as Rho-kinase expression in the rat bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and hypogonadism models. Materials and methods 30 mature male rats divided into 4 groups: sham group (n = 8), BOO group (n = 8), BOO + orchiectomy group (n = 7), BOO + orchiectomy + testosterone (T) treatment group (n = 7). Cystometric findings, apoptosis index, Rho-kinase (ROCK-2) expression, and smooth muscle/collagen ratio were compared. Results BOO did not change ROCK-2 expression level, compared to sham group (P > 0.05). However, when compared to BOO group (P < 0.01), BOO + orchiectomy led ROCK-2 increase. The testosterone treatment failed to reverse the up-regulation of ROCK-2 induced by orchiectomy although it tended to lower ROCK-2 level. Compared to sham group (P = 0.002), changes in maximal bladder capacity and leak point pressure were higher (P = 0.026, P = 0.001), and bladder compliance was lower in BOO group. Also, the apoptosis index was different between the two groups (P = 0.380). Smooth muscle/collagen ratio was higher in BOO + orchiectomy + T group than in BOO + orchiectomy group (P = 0.010). Conclusions The research draws attention to alternating treatment approaches in case of the presence of hypogonadism and BOO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barış Saylam
- Department of Urology, Mersin City Training and Research Hospital, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ozan Efesoy
- Department of Urology, Mersin City Training and Research Hospital, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Rukiye Nalan Tiftik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mesut Tek
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Kansu Büyükafşar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Murat Bozlu
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Selahittin Çayan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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3
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Wróbel A, Zapała Ł, Kluz T, Rogowski A, Misiek M, Juszczak K, Sieńko J, Gold D, Stangel-Wójcikiewicz K, Poleszak E, Radziszewski P. The Potential of Asiatic Acid in the Reversion of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115853. [PMID: 34072606 PMCID: PMC8198845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if asiatic acid may act efficiently in the model of cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis in rats. We performed experiments after administration of CYP (single dose 200 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), asiatic acid (30 mg/kg/day for 14 consecutive days, by oral gavage), or CYP plus asiatic acid, during which conscious cystometry, measurements of urothelium thickness and bladder edema, as well as selected biomarkers analyses were conducted. In rats that received asiatic acid together with CYP, a drop in bladder basal pressure, detrusor overactivity index, non-voiding contraction amplitude, non-voiding contraction frequency, and the area under the pressure curve were observed, when compared to the CYP group. Furthermore, a significant increase in threshold pressure, voided volume, intercontraction interval, bladder compliance, and volume threshold to elicit NVC were found in that group accordingly. Administration of the asiatic acid successfully restored concentrations of biomarkers both in bladder urothelium (BDNF, CGRP, OCT-3, IL-1β, IL-6, NGF, nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde, TNF-α, SV2A, SNAP23, SNAP25, PAC-1, ORM1, occludin, IGFBP-3, HB-EGF, T–H protein, Z01, and HPX) and detrusor muscle (Rho kinase and VAChT) in CYP-treated rats. Finally, asiatic acid significantly decreased urothelium thickness and bladder oedema. Asiatic acid proved to be a potent and effective drug in the rat model of CYP-induced cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wróbel
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (Ł.Z.)
| | - Łukasz Zapała
- Clinic of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (Ł.Z.)
| | - Tomasz Kluz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Artur Rogowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mother and Child Institute, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Misiek
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Holy Cross Cancer Center, 25-377 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Kajetan Juszczak
- Chair of Urology and Andrology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Jacek Sieńko
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Daniela Gold
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | | | - Ewa Poleszak
- Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piotr Radziszewski
- Clinic of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland;
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Wróbel A, Serefko A, Szopa A, Poleszak E. Stimulation of atypical cannabinoid receptor GPR55 abolishes the symptoms of detrusor overactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 150:105329. [PMID: 32360768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Overactive bladder is a troublesome disease that affects 15% of the population in developed countries. Since pharmacotherapy of this condition is frequently associated with side effects, the better tolerated drugs are being searched for. The main objective of our study was to check whether activation of the atypical cannabinoid receptor GPR55 would normalize the changes in cystometric, cardiovascular and biochemical parameters in the hypertensive female Wistar-Kyoto rats presenting the symptoms of overactive bladder accompanied by inflammation and oxidative damage in the urinary tracts. A 14-day intra-arterial administration of O-1602 (0.25 mg/kg/day), a potent agonist of GRP55 receptors, was able to abolish the signs of detrusor overactivity, inflammation and oxidative damage in the urinary bladder of the spontaneously hypertensive animals. Moreover, it increased their heart rate, reduced the mean blood pressure, and normalized the levels of several proteins that play a significant role in the proper functioning of the urinary bladder (i.e., calcitonin gene related peptide, organic cation transporter 3, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, vesicular acetylcholine transporter, RhoA). Based on the outcomes of our experiments, the atypical cannabinoid receptor GPR55 has emerged as a potential drug target for the treatment of overactive bladder in female subjects. It could be particularly attractive in the cases in which this condition is accompanied with elevated blood pressure, though further studies on this subject are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wróbel
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Serefko
- Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Szopa
- Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
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Musicki B, Anele UA, Campbell JD, Karakus S, Shiva S, Silva FH, Burnett AL. Dysregulated NO/PDE5 signaling in the sickle cell mouse lower urinary tract: Reversal by oral nitrate therapy. Life Sci 2019; 238:116922. [PMID: 31634463 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Nitric oxide (NO) has a critical, but not well understood, influence in the physiology of the lower urinary tract. We evaluated the effect of NO/phosphodiesterase (PDE)5 signaling in voiding dysfunction in the sickle cell disease (SCD) mouse, characterized by low NO bioavailability. MAIN METHODS Adult SCD (Sickle) and wild-type (WT) male mice were treated daily with sodium nitrate (10 mM) or vehicle. After 18 days, blood was obtained for nitrite measurement, urethra was collected for organ bath study, and bladder and urethra were collected for Western blot analysis of PDE5 phosphorylation (Ser-92) (activated form). Non-anesthetized mice underwent evaluation of urine volume by void spot assay. eNOS phosphorylation (Ser-1177) and nNOS phosphorylation (Ser-1412) (positive regulatory sites) were evaluated in the bladder and urethra of untreated mice. KEY FINDINGS Sickle mice exhibited decreased eNOS, nNOS, and PDE5 phosphorylation in the bladder and urethra, decreased plasma nitrite levels, increased relaxation of phenylephrine-contracted urethral tissue to an NO donor sodium nitroprusside, and increased total urine volume, compared with WT mice. Nitrate treatment normalized plasma nitrite levels, relaxation of urethra to sodium nitroprusside, PDE5 phosphorylation in the urethra and bladder, and urine volume in Sickle mice. SIGNIFICANCE Derangement in PDE5 activity associated with basally low NO bioavailability in the bladder and urethra contributes to the molecular basis for voiding abnormalities in Sickle mice. Inorganic nitrate supplementation normalized voiding in Sickle mice through mechanisms likely involving upregulation of PDE5 activity. These findings suggest that interventions targeting dysregulatory NO/PDE5 signaling may ameliorate overactive bladder in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Musicki
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Uzoma A Anele
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Campbell
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Serkan Karakus
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Fabio H Silva
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arthur L Burnett
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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6
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Sacco E, Pinto F, Tienforti D, Marangi F, Destito A, Racioppi M, Gardi M, Volpe A, Bassi P. Investigational Drug Therapies for Overactive Bladder Syndrome: The Potential Alternatives to Anticolinergics. Urologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039156030907600301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Overactive bladder is a high prevalent and quality of life affecting disease. The mainstay of the medical therapy is represented by antimuscarinic drugs, but their side effects markedly affect patient compliance and prompt studies on novel investigational drugs. Methods A systematic literature search of peer-reviewed papers and meeting abstracts published by December 2008 was performed. PubMed databank was searched for original English articles, by using the following search terms: “overactive bladder” or “detrusor overactivity” or “urinary incontinence” and “treatment”, alone and linked to any potential molecular target or novel drug cited in the literature. Results Effective alternative pharmacological treatments are currently scarce, but many new promising compounds are emerging which target key molecular pathways involved in micturition control. The most promising potential therapeutic targets include central nervous system GABAergic inhibitory pathway, dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems, b-adrenoceptors and cAMP metabolism, nonadrenergic-noncholinergic mechanisms such as purinergic and neuropeptidergic systems, vanilloid receptor, bladder sensory nervous terminals, nonneuronal bladder signalling systems including urothelium and interstitial cells, prostanoids, Rho-kinase and different subtypes of potassium and calcium channels. Conclusions Despite the enormous amount of new biologic insight, very few novel pharmacological therapies seems to have passed the proof-of-concept clinical stage. The ultimate clinical utility of new drugs will depend on the ability to exploit tissue-specific differences and disease-related changes in molecular expression/function and to improve storage phase dysfunctions without interfering with the emptying phase. Further preclinical investigations and controlled clinical trials are urgently needed in this challenging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Sacco
- Urologia, Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, Università’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - F. Pinto
- Urologia, Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, Università’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - D. Tienforti
- Urologia, Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, Università’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - F. Marangi
- Urologia, Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, Università’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - A. Destito
- Urologia, Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, Università’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - M. Racioppi
- Urologia, Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, Università’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - M. Gardi
- Urologia, Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, Università’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - A. Volpe
- Urologia, Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, Università’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - P.F. Bassi
- Urologia, Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, Università’ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
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7
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Akaihata H, Nomiya M, Matsuoka K, Koguchi T, Hata J, Haga N, Kushida N, Ishibashi K, Aikawa K, Kojima Y. Protective Effect of a Rho-kinase Inhibitor on Bladder Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Chronic Bladder Ischemia. Urology 2017; 111:238.e7-238.e12. [PMID: 29051005 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, on chronic ischemia-related bladder dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (16 weeks old) were divided into control, chronic bladder ischemia (CBI), and CBI with fasudil treatment (CBI-Fa) groups. The CBI and CBI-Fa groups underwent balloon endothelial injury of bilateral iliac arteries and received a 2% cholesterol diet for 8 weeks after the procedure to induce CBI. The CBI-Fa group was given oral fasudil (30 mg/kg/day) using zonde for 8 weeks after the procedure. The control group received a regular diet for 8 weeks. After cystometry in a conscious state, rats from each group were euthanized, and the bladders and common iliac arteries were harvested for pharmacologic and histologic examination. RESULTS Mean wall thickness of the common iliac arteries was significantly greater in the CBI group than in controls. Contractile responses of muscle strips were significantly lower in CBI group rats than in controls. In the CBI group, micturition interval was significantly shorter, and bladder capacity was significantly lower compared with those in controls. In the CBI-Fa group, arterial wall thickening was significantly suppressed compared with the CBI group. Significant improvements in muscle strip contractility and cystometric parameters were seen in the CBI-Fa group compared with the CBI group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that chronic treatment with fasudil could prevent neointimal formation in arteries and bladder dysfunction in this rat model. Fasudil may be therapeutically useful in protecting bladder function in chronically ischemic bladders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Akaihata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan.
| | - Masanori Nomiya
- Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research Nihon University School of Engineering, Koriyama City, Japan; National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
| | - Kanako Matsuoka
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koguchi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Junya Hata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Haga
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kushida
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Kei Ishibashi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Ken Aikawa
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kojima
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
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8
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Iguchi N, Dönmez Mİ, Malykhina AP, Carrasco A, Wilcox DT. Preventative effects of a HIF inhibitor, 17-DMAG, on partial bladder outlet obstruction-induced bladder dysfunction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F1149-F1160. [PMID: 28768664 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00240.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Posterior urethral valves are the most common cause of partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) in the pediatric population. Pathological changes in the bladder developed during PBOO are responsible for long-lasting voiding dysfunction in this population despite early surgical interventions. Increasing evidence showed PBOO induces an upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and their transcriptional target genes, and they play a role in pathophysiological changes in the obstructed bladders. We hypothesized that blocking HIF pathways can prevent PBOO-induced bladder dysfunction. PBOO was surgically created by ligation of the bladder neck in male C57BL/6J mice for 2 wk. PBOO mice received intraperitoneal injection of either saline or 17-DMAG (alvespimycin, 3 mg/kg) every 48 h starting from day 1 postsurgery. Sham-operated animals received injection of saline on the same schedule as PBOO mice and served as controls. The bladders were harvested after 2 wk, and basal activity and evoked contractility of the detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) were evaluated in vitro. Bladder function was assessed in vivo by void spot assay and cystometry in conscious, unrestrained mice. Results indicated the 17-DMAG treatment preserved DSM contractility and partially prevented the development of detrusor over activity in obstructed bladders. In addition, PBOO caused a significant increase in the frequency of micturition, which was significantly reduced by 17-DMAG treatment. The 17-DMAG treatment improved urodynamic parameters, including increases in the bladder pressure at micturition and nonvoid contractions observed in PBOO mice. These results demonstrate that treatment with 17-DMAG, a HIF inhibitor, significantly alleviated PBOO-induced bladder pathology in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Iguchi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - M İrfan Dönmez
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Anna P Malykhina
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | | | - Duncan T Wilcox
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; and .,Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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9
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Higashi Y. Lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hypertrophy and vascular function: Role of the nitric oxide-phosphodiesterase type 5-cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate pathway. Int J Urol 2017; 24:412-424. [PMID: 28332240 DOI: 10.1111/iju.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that there is an association of lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hypertrophy with cardiovascular disease, suggesting that lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hypertrophy is a risk factor for cardiovascular events. Vascular function, including endothelial function and vascular smooth muscle function, is involved in the pathogenesis, maintenance and development of atherosclerosis, leading to cardiovascular events. Vascular dysfunction per se should also contribute to lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hypertrophy. Both lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hypertrophy and vascular dysfunction have cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, aging, obesity and smoking. Inactivation of the phosphodiesterase type 5-cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate-nitric oxide pathway causes lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hypertrophy through an enhancement of sympathetic nervous activity, endothelial dysfunction, increase in Rho-associated kinase activity and vasoconstriction, and decrease in blood flow of pelvic viscera. Both endogenous nitric oxide and exogenous nitric oxide act as vasodilators on vascular smooth muscle cells through an increase in the content of cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate, which is inactivated by phosphodiesterase type 5. In a clinical setting, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are widely used in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hypertrophy. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors might have beneficial effects on vascular function through not only inhibition of cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate degradation, but also increases in testosterone levels and nitric oxide bioavailability, increase in the number and improvement of the function of endothelial progenitor cells, and decrease in insulin resistance. In the present review, the relationships between lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hypertrophy, the phosphodiesterase type 5-nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate pathway, vascular function and cardiovascular outcomes are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihito Higashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,Divivsion of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
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10
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Wróbel A, Rechberger T. The influence of Rho-kinase inhibition on acetic acid-induced detrusor overactivity. Neurourol Urodyn 2015; 36:263-270. [PMID: 26546786 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Accumulating evidence has shown that Rho-kinase (ROCK) is involved in the regulation of bladder contraction. Our objective was to examine whether the ROCK inhibitor, GSK 269962, could prevent acetic acid (AA)-induced detrusor overactivity and to assess its influence on urine production (UP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). METHODS The bladder was catheterized from the external urethral orifice. 0.25 % (AA) solution was infused into the bladder for 5 min. In the same session a catheter was inserted into the apex of the bladder dome. In order to measure the blood pressure, the carotid artery was cannulated. Three days after the intravesical instillation of AA, the ROCK-GSK 269962 inhibitor was administered in a single dose of 10 mg/kg and a cystometry was carried out, along with a 24 hr measurement of UP and MAP. RESULTS GSK 269962 reversed the changes induced by AA causing a drop in basal pressure, threshold pressure, micturition voiding pressure, bladder contraction duration, relaxation time, detrusor overactivity index, amplitude, and frequency of nonvoiding contractions while an increase in voided volume, post-void residual, volume threshold, voiding efficiency, intercontraction interval, bladder compliance, and volume threshold to elicit nonvoiding contractions. ROCK inhibition did not show any significant changes in UP and MAP. DISCUSSION The results obtained indicate that ROCK inhibition may ameliorate AA-induced bladder overactivity. CONCLUSION ROCK inhibitors appear to represent a potentially attractive pharmacological option for the treatment of lower urinary tract disorders associated with changes in detrusor contractility. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:263-270, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wróbel
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rechberger
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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11
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Abstract
The pathophysiology of OAB is complex, multifactorial and still largely unknown. Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been highlighted that may play a different role in different patient groups. There are now experimental evidences that support both the myogenic and neurogenic hypothesis, but in recent years the "integrative" hypothesis has been gaining more and more acceptance, where a disruption in the multiple interactions between different cell types (neurons, urothelium, interstitial cells, myocytes) and network functions represent a central element of lower urinary tract dysfunctions. Of utmost importance, a disorder in the urothelial sensory function and in the urothelial/suburothelial non-neural cholinergic system, favored by age and comorbidities, appears to be crucial for the development of the OAB. Neuroplastic and detrusor changes in OAB are broadly similar to those observed in bladders exposed to outlet obstruction, neuropathies, inflammation or aging, and may be driven by a common urothelial dysfunction. Several signaling substances and their receptors were found to be involved in central pathways of bidirectional communication between the different cell types in the bladder, and were shown to be modified in several animal models of OAB as well as in human models, indicating new potential therapeutic targets.
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12
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Richter HE, Whitehead N, Arya L, Ridgeway B, Allen-Brady K, Norton P, Sung V, Shepherd JP, Komesu Y, Gaddis N, Fraser MO, Tan-Kim J, Meikle S, Page GP. Genetic contributions to urgency urinary incontinence in women. J Urol 2015; 193:2020-7. [PMID: 25524241 PMCID: PMC4439377 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We identify genetic variants associated with urgency urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 2-stage genome-wide association analysis was conducted to identify variants associated with urgency urinary incontinence. The WHI GARNET substudy with 4,894 genotyped post-reproductive white women was randomly split into independent discovery and replication cohorts. Genome-wide imputation was performed using IMPUTE2 with the 1000 Genomes ALL Phase I integrated variant set as a reference. Controls reported no urgency urinary incontinence at enrollment or followup. Cases reported monthly or greater urgency urinary incontinence and leaked sufficiently to wet/soak underpants/clothes. Logistic regression models were used to predict urgency urinary incontinence case vs control status based on genotype, assuming additive inheritance. Age, obesity, diabetes and depression were included in the models as covariates. RESULTS Following quality control, 975,508 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 2,241 cases (discovery 1,102; replication 1,133) and 776 controls (discovery 405, replication 371) remained. Genotype imputation resulted in 9,077,347 single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions/deletions with minor allele frequency greater than 0.01 available for analysis. Meta-analysis of the discovery and replication samples identified 6 loci on chromosomes 5, 10, 11, 12 and 18 associated with urgency urinary incontinence at p <10(-6). Of the loci 3 were within genes, the zinc finger protein 521 (ZFP521) gene on chromosome 18q11, the ADAMTS16 gene on chromosome 5p15 and the CIT gene on chromosome 12q24. The other 3 loci were intergenic. CONCLUSIONS Although environmental factors also likely contribute, this first exploratory genome-wide association study for urgency urinary incontinence suggests that genetic variants in the ZFP521, CIT and ADAMTS16 genes might account for some of the observed heritability of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nedra Whitehead
- Research Triangle International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Lily Arya
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - Vivian Sung
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Yuko Komesu
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nathan Gaddis
- Research Triangle International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Susan Meikle
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Grier P Page
- Research Triangle International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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13
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Michel MC, Chess-Williams R, Hegde SS. Are blood vessels a target to treat lower urinary tract dysfunction? Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 388:687-94. [PMID: 26026700 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bladder dysfunction is common in the general population (Stewart et al. 2010) and even more so among patients seeing a physician for any reason (Goepel et al. 2002). It often manifests as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), a term originally coined to describe voiding and storage symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) but now more universally used to describe any type of voiding and storage symptoms in both sexes. Studies into possible causes of urinary bladder dysfunction have long focused on detrusor smooth muscle cells (Turner and Brading 1999). More recently, it became clear that several other types of cells and organs contribute to regulating detrusor smooth muscle function. These include the urothelium (Andersson and McCloskey 2014; Michel 2015), afferent nerves (Michel and Igawa 2015; Yoshimura et al. 2014b), and the central and autonomic nervous systems (Fowler and Griffiths 2010; Yoshimura et al. 2014a). Alterations in any of these may at least partly be responsible for detrusor dysfunction and, accordingly, be potential targets for the treatment of bladder dysfunction. As highlighted by an article in this issue of Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology (Bayrak et al. 2015), there is an additional suspect, the bladder vasculature. This article will discuss the currently available experimental and clinical evidence for a role of the vasculature in causing bladder dysfunction, and how existing and emerging treatments may modulate bladder function by acting on blood vessels. Due to a similarity in concept, data on prostate perfusion will also be discussed to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Michel
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55101, Mainz, Germany,
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Sacco E, Recupero S, Bientinesi R, Palermo G, D’Agostino D, Currò D, Bassi P. Pioneering drugs for overactive bladder and detrusor overactivity: Ongoing research and future directions. World J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 4:24-39. [DOI: 10.5317/wjog.v4.i2.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing research on pioneering drug candidates for the overactive bladder (OAB) aimed to overcome the limitations of currently licensed pharmacotherapies, such as antimuscarinics, β3-adrenergic agents, and botulinum neurotoxin, has been reviewed performing a systematic literature review and web search. The review covers the exploratory agents alternative to available medications for OAB and that may ultimately prove to be therapeutically useful in the future management of OAB patients based on preclinical and early clinical data. It emerges that many alternative pharmacological strategies have been discovered or are under investigation in disease-oriented studies. Several potential therapeutics are known for years but still find obstacles to pass the clinical stages of development, while other completely novel compounds, targeting new pharmacological targets, have been recently discovered and show potential to translate into clinical therapeutic agents for idiopathic and neurogenic OAB syndrome. The global scenario of investigational drugs for OAB gives promise for the development of innovative therapeutics that may ultimately prove effective as first, combined or second-line treatments within a realistic timescale of ten years.
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15
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Hypolite JA, Chang S, Wein AJ, Chacko S, Malykhina AP. Protein kinase C modulates frequency of micturition and non-voiding contractions in the urinary bladder via neuronal and myogenic mechanisms. BMC Urol 2015; 15:34. [PMID: 25896919 PMCID: PMC4407874 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-015-0030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein Kinase C (PKC) dysfunction is implicated in a variety of smooth muscle disorders including detrusor overactivity associated with frequency and urgency of micturition. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the modulatory effects of endogenous PKC-dependent pathways on bladder storage and emptying function. Methods We utilized in vivo cystometry and in vitro organ bath studies using isolated bladder muscle strips (BMS) from rats to measure contractility, intravesical pressure, and voided volume. Both in vitro and in vivo results were statistically analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA between the groups followed by Bonferroni’s post-test, as appropriate (Systat Software Inc., San Jose, CA). Results Effects of PKC activators, phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), and phorbol-12,13-myristate (PMA), were concentration-dependent, with high concentrations increasing frequency of micturition, and sensitivity of intramural nerves to electrical field stimulation (EFS), in vitro, while lower concentrations had no effect on BMS sensitivity to EFS. The PKC inhibitors, bisindolylmaleimide1 (Bim-1), (28 nM), and Ro318220 (50 μM) triggered an increase in the number of non-voiding contractions (NVC), and a decrease in the voided volume associated with reduced ability to maintain contractile force upon EFS, but did not affect peak force in vitro. Both low (50 nM) and high PDBu 1 micromolar (1uM) decreased the sensitivity of BMS to carbachol. Application of a low concentration of PDBu inhibited spontaneous contractions, in vitro, and Bim-1-induced NVC, and restored normal voiding frequency during urodynamic recordings in vivo. Conclusions In summary, the effects of low PKC stimulation include inhibition of smooth muscle contractile responses, whereas high levels of PKC stimulation increased nerve-mediated contractions in vitro, and micturition contractions in vivo. These results indicate that endogenous PKC signaling displays a concentration-dependent contraction profile in the urinary bladder via both smooth muscle and nerve-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Hypolite
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus,12700 E 19th Ave, Mail Stop C317, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Shaohua Chang
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University, Camden, NJ, USA.
| | - Alan J Wein
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Samuel Chacko
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Anna P Malykhina
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus,12700 E 19th Ave, Mail Stop C317, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Akaihata H, Nomiya M, Hata J, Yabe M, Takahashi N, Haga N, Kushida N, Ishibashi K, Aikawa K, Yamaguchi O, Kojima Y. Pelvic Arterial Occlusive Disease Affects the RhoA/Rho-Kinase Pathway in Bladder Smooth Muscle. J Urol 2015; 193:706-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Akaihata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima and Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering (MN, OY), Koriyama, Japan
| | - Masanori Nomiya
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima and Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering (MN, OY), Koriyama, Japan
| | - Junya Hata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima and Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering (MN, OY), Koriyama, Japan
| | - Michihiro Yabe
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima and Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering (MN, OY), Koriyama, Japan
| | - Norio Takahashi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima and Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering (MN, OY), Koriyama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Haga
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima and Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering (MN, OY), Koriyama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kushida
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima and Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering (MN, OY), Koriyama, Japan
| | - Kei Ishibashi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima and Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering (MN, OY), Koriyama, Japan
| | - Ken Aikawa
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima and Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering (MN, OY), Koriyama, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamaguchi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima and Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering (MN, OY), Koriyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kojima
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima and Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research, Nihon University School of Engineering (MN, OY), Koriyama, Japan
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17
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Akin Y, Bozkurt A, Erol HS, Halici M, Celebi F, Kapakin KAT, Gulmez H, Ates M, Coban A, Nuhoglu B. Impact of Rho-Kinase Inhibitor Hydroxyfasudil in Protamine Sulphate Induced Cystitis Rat Bladder. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2014; 7:108-14. [PMID: 26663691 DOI: 10.1111/luts.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects of hydroxyfasudil in a protamine sulfate (PS) induced cystitis rat model. Additionally, we investigated prevention of bladder overactivity (BO), and tissue damage in these experiments. METHODS Animals were divided into four groups. In Groups 1 and 2, chemical induced cystitis model was created by administrating intravesical PS with PE50 catheter by the transurethral route. In Group 1, Rho-kinase inhibitor hydroxyfasudil was administered intaperitoneally, and in Group 2, subjects were administered a corresponding volume of saline in the same way. In Group 3, vehicle was administered intravesically and hydroxyfasudil was administrated intraperitoneally. Group 4 was a control Group, and the vehicle was administered intravesically and intraperitoneally. Micturition frequencies were recorded. Biochemical analyses were performed for oxidative stress, and pathological evaluations were investigated. In vitro contractions of bladder tissue strips were measured in tissue-bath. RESULTS There were significantly lower Lipid peroxidase levels and higher levels of Glutathione in Group 1 than Group 2 (P = 0.016, P = 0.001, respectively). There was generally more inflammation in Group 2 than the other groups as determined by microscopy. There were significantly higher frequencies of micturition, lower volume, and mean voided maximum urine output after PS administration in Groups 1 and 2. In vitro contraction responses of bladder strips to potassium chloride and acetylcholine were statistically higher in Group 2 than Groups 1 and 3. CONCLUSIONS Significant reduction of inflammation by affecting the anti-oxidant defense systems was provided by hydroxyfasudil. Decreased in vitro responses to contractions of bladder smooth muscle strips were obtained. Hydroxyfasudil may be a potential new therapeutic option for inflammation and BO, in rat bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigit Akin
- Department of Urology, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Aliseydi Bozkurt
- Department of Urology, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Huseyin S Erol
- Department of Biochemistry, Ataturk University School of Veterinary Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mesut Halici
- Department of Biochemistry, Ataturk University School of Veterinary Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fikret Celebi
- Department of Physiology, Ataturk University School of Veterinary Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Kubra A T Kapakin
- Department of Pathology, Ataturk University School of Veterinary Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gulmez
- Department of Family Medicine, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mutlu Ates
- Department of Urology, Afyonkocatepe University School of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Coban
- Department of Biochemistry, Erzincan Universty School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Baris Nuhoglu
- Department of Urology, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
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18
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HAN DY, JEONG HJ, LEE MY. Bladder Hyperactivity Induced by Chronic Variable Stress in Rats. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2014; 7:56-61. [DOI: 10.1111/luts.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Youp HAN
- Department of Urology; School of Medicine; Wonkwang University; Iksan Korea
| | - Hee Jong JEONG
- Department of Urology; School of Medicine; Wonkwang University; Iksan Korea
| | - Moon Young LEE
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science; School of Medicine; Wonkwang University; Iksan Korea
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19
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Marx JO, Basha ME, Mohanan S, Hypolite JA, Chang S, Wein AJ, Zderic SA, Laping NJ, Chacko S. Effects of Rho-kinase inhibition on myosin light chain phosphorylation and obstruction-induced detrusor overactivity. Int J Urol 2013; 21:319-24. [PMID: 24033563 DOI: 10.1111/iju.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the relationship between myosin light chain phosphorylation of the detrusor muscle and spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in a rabbit model of partial outlet obstruction. METHODS New Zealand white rabbit urinary bladders were partially obstructed for 2 weeks. Rabbits were euthanized, detrusor muscle strips were hung on a force transducer and spontaneous activity was measured at varying concentrations (0-0.03 μM/L) of the Rho-kinase inhibitors GSK 576371 or 0.01 μM/L Y27632. Basal myosin light chain phosphorylation was measured by 2-D gel electrophoresis in control and GSK 576371-treated strips. RESULTS Both drugs suppressed the force of spontaneous contractions, whereas GSK 576371 had a more profound effect on the frequency of the contractions. The IC₅₀ values for the inhibition of frequency and force of spontaneous contractions were 0.17 μM/L and 0.023 μM/L for GSK 576371, respectively. The compound significantly decreased the basal myosin light chain phosphorylation from 28.0 ± 3.9% to 13.5 ± 1.9% (P < 0.05). At 0.01 μM/L, GSK 576371 inhibited spontaneous bladder overactivity by 50%, but inhibited carbachol-elicited contractions force by just 25%. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that Rho-kinase regulation of myosin light chain phosphorylation contributes to the spontaneous detrusor activity induced by obstruction. This finding could have therapeutic implications by providing another therapeutic option for myogenic, overactive bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O Marx
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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20
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The Role of Intra-abdominal Pressure Measurement in Awake Rat Cystometry. Int Neurourol J 2013; 17:44-7. [PMID: 23869267 PMCID: PMC3713241 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2013.17.2.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat cystometry is increasingly being used in research on overactive bladder and is a research tool for investigating bladder functions during the storage and voiding phases. Measurement of the pressure in the bladder is an essential part of cystometry, although that pressure is the sum of both detrusor and intra-abdominal pressures. In anesthetic cystometry, measurement of the intra-abdominal pressure is not necessary, because the values of this variable are negligible. In awake cystometry, however, it is mandatory to separate the changes in intra-abdominal pressure from those in intravesical pressure, because consciousness causes much variability in intra-abdominal pressure. This review describes why we use the term "detrusor overactivity" in animal research with intra-abdominal pressure and presents evidence for the role of intra-abdominal pressure in the cystometry of normal rats and in animal models of overactive bladder directed at understanding the pathogenesis of the overactive bladder condition. The methodology is also briefly reviewed.
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Gacci M, Sebastianelli A, Salvi M, Vignozzi L, Corona G, McVary KT, Kaplan SA, Oelke M, Maggi M, Carini M. PDE5-Is for the Treatment of Concomitant ED and LUTS/BPH. CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS 2013; 8:150-159. [PMID: 23888186 PMCID: PMC3715684 DOI: 10.1007/s11884-013-0184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic data in adult men exhibit a strong relationship between erectile dysfunction (ED) and lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH), indicating that men affected by ED should also be investigated for LUTS/BPH and those presenting with storage or voiding LUTS should be investigated for co-morbid ED. Common pathophysiolgical mechanisms underlying both LUTS/BPH and ED, including alteration of NO/cGMP or RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling and/or vascular or neurogenic dysfunction, are potential targets for proposed phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is). Several randomized controlled trials and only a few reviews including all commercially available PDE5-Is demonstrated the safety and efficacy of these drugs in the improvement of erectile function and urinary symptoms, in patients affected either by ED, LUTS, or both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Gacci
- />Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 18, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - A. Sebastianelli
- />Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 18, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - M. Salvi
- />Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 18, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - L. Vignozzi
- />Sexual Medicine & Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - G. Corona
- />Endocrinology Unit, Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - K. T. McVary
- />Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - S. A. Kaplan
- />Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY USA
| | - M. Oelke
- />Department of Urology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Maggi
- />Sexual Medicine & Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - M. Carini
- />Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 18, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Shiomi H, Takahashi N, Kawashima Y, Ogawa S, Haga N, Kushida N, Nomiya M, Yanagida T, Ishibashi K, Aikawa K, Yamaguchi O. Involvement of stretch-induced Rho-kinase activation in the generation of bladder tone. Neurourol Urodyn 2012; 32:1019-25. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.22360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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KIM JY, HAN JY, KWON TG, CHOO MS. Effects of Oral Rho Kinase Inhibitor Fasudil on Detrusor Overactivity after Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Rats. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2012; 5:96-100. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1757-5672.2012.00169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Hydroxyfasudil Ameliorates Bladder Dysfunction in Male Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Urology 2012; 79:1186.e9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shahab N, Kajioka S, Seki N, Naito S. Functional Role of Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes in Calcium Sensitization and Their Contribution to Rho-kinase and Protein Kinase C Pathways in Contraction of Human Detrusor Smooth Muscle. Urology 2012; 79:1184.e7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Shahab N, Kajioka S, Takahashi-Yanaga F, Onimaru M, Matsuda M, Seki N, Naito S. Obstruction enhances rho-kinase pathway and diminishes protein kinase C pathway in carbachol-induced calcium sensitization in contraction of α-toxin permeabilized guinea pig detrusor smooth muscle. Neurourol Urodyn 2012; 31:593-9. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.21193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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27
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Gacci M, Eardley I, Giuliano F, Hatzichristou D, Kaplan SA, Maggi M, McVary KT, Mirone V, Porst H, Roehrborn CG. Critical Analysis of the Relationship Between Sexual Dysfunctions and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Eur Urol 2011; 60:809-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Boberg L, Poljakovic M, Rahman A, Eccles R, Arner A. Role of Rho-kinase and protein kinase C during contraction of hypertrophic detrusor in mice with partial urinary bladder outlet obstruction. BJU Int 2011; 109:132-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2011.10435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Ramos-Filho ACS, Mónica FZT, Franco-Penteado CF, Rojas-Moscoso JA, Báu FR, Schenka AA, De Nucci G, Antunes E. Characterization of the urinary bladder dysfunction in renovascular hypertensive rats. Neurourol Urodyn 2011; 30:1392-402. [PMID: 21661033 DOI: 10.1002/nau.21074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Association between arterial hypertension and urinary bladder dysfunction has been reported in humans and spontaneously hypertensive rats. However, no study exists evaluating the bladder dysfunction in conditions of renovascular hypertension. The purpose of this study was to characterize the bladder dysfunction in two kidney-one clip (2K-1C) hypertensive rats. METHODS A silver clip was placed around the renal artery of male Wistar rats. After 8 weeks, cystometric study, concentration-response curves to contractile and relaxant agents, frequency-dependent contractions, histomorphometry, muscarinic M(2) /M(3) mRNA expression and cyclic AMP measurements were performed. RESULTS 2K-1C rats showed enhanced bladder volume, wall thickness and smooth muscle density. 2K-1C rats also exhibited increases in bladder capacity and non-void contractions, and decreases in the inter-contraction intervals. In isolated detrusor smooth muscle (DSM), contractions to carbachol and electrical-field stimulation (EFS) were significantly greater in 2K-1C rats. The Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632 (10 µM) significantly reduced the carbachol-induced contractions in SHAM and 2K-1C rats, but DSM remained overactive in 2K-1C rats in presence of Y27632. Concentration-dependent contractions to the P2X receptor agonist α,β-methylene ATP, KCl and extracellular Ca(2+) did not change between SHAM and 2K-1C groups. In 2K-1C rats, isoproterenol, metaproterenol and BRL 37-344 (non-selective, β(2) - and β(3) -selective adrenoceptor agonists, respectively) produced significantly lower relaxations and decreased cAMP levels, whereas relaxant responses to sodium nitroprusside and BAY 41-2272 remained unchanged. Muscarinic M(3) mRNA expression receptors were higher in 2K-1C group. CONCLUSIONS Renovascular hypertensive rats exhibit bladder dysfunction that involves tissue remodeling and enhanced muscarinic M(3) -mediated contractions associated with reduced β-adrenoceptor-mediated signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio C S Ramos-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Gur S, Kadowitz PJ, Hellstrom WJ. RhoA/Rho‐Kinase as a Therapeutic Target for the Male Urogenital Tract. J Sex Med 2011; 8:675-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.02084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Athanasopoulos A, Cruz F. The medical treatment of overactive bladder, including current and future treatments. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2011; 12:1041-55. [PMID: 21299469 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2011.554399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Normal urinary bladder function is based on the proper contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle (SM), which constitutes the majority of the bladder wall. The contraction and relaxation of all SM involves a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation pathway involving the enzymes smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (SMMLCK) and smooth muscle myosin light chain phosphatase (SMMLCP), respectively. Although originally thought to function just as a passive opposition to SMMLCK-driven SM contraction, it is now clear that SMMLCP activity is under an extremely complex molecular regulation via which SMMLCP inhibition can induce "calcium sensitization." This review provides a thorough summary of the literature regarding the molecular regulation of the SMMLCP with a focus on one of its major inhibitory pathways that is RhoA/Rho-kinase (ROK) including its activation pathways, effector molecules, and its roles in various pathological conditions associated with bladder dysfunction. Newly emerging roles of ROK outside of SM contractility are also discussed. It is concluded that the RhoA/ROK pathway is critical for the maintenance of basal SM tone of the urinary bladder and serves as a common final pathway of various contractile stimuli in rabbits, rats, mice, and pigs as well as humans. In addition, this pathway is upregulated in response to a number of pathological conditions associated with bladder SM dysfunction. Similarly, RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling is essential for normal ureteral function and development and is upregulated in response to ureteral outlet obstruction. In addition to its critical role in bladder SM function, a role of ROK in the urothelium is also beginning to emerge as well as roles for ROK in bladder infection and invasion and metastasis of bladder cancer.
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Abstract
AIMS To discuss (1) mechanisms involved in the generation and control of myocyte contractions and consequent afferent nerve activity and (2) these mechanisms as targets for drugs aimed for treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms and detrusor overactivity (DO). METHODS Literature review of myocyte activation, bladder afferent nerves, mediators in the bladder, and translational aspects of the findings. RESULTS During bladder filling, there is normally no parasympathetic outflow from the spinal cord. Despite this, the bladder develops tone during filling and also exhibits non-synchronized local contractions and relaxations that are caused by a basal myogenic mechanical activity that may be reinforced by release of, for example, acetylcholine from non-neuronal and/or neuronal sources or local mediators, such as prostaglandins and endothelins. It is suggested that these spontaneous contractions are able to generate activity in afferent nerves ("afferent noise") that may contribute to DO and OAB. CONCLUSIONS Spontaneous bladder myocyte contractions and factors that are able to modulate them, as well as the consequent afferent nerve activity, may be targets for drugs meant for treatment of OAB/DO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Erik Andersson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
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Tatsumiya K, Yamanishi T, Watanabe M, Masuda A, Mizuno T, Kamai T, Yoshida KI. Effects of fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, on contraction of pig bladder tissues with or without urothelium. Int J Urol 2010; 16:959-66. [PMID: 19817915 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2009.02397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of fasudil, a Rho-associated serine-threonine protein kinase inhibitor, on contraction of the pig urinary bladder tissues with or without urothelium. METHODS Cumulative concentration-response curves (CRCs) to carbachol were obtained with and without 3-10 microM fasudil. Drug effects were evaluated in detrusor with and without urothelium. Inhibitory responses to fasudil were also examined in tissues precontracted with KCl and carbachol, and in response to electrical field stimulation, in pig bladder with and without urothelium. RESULTS In detrusor without urothelium, maximum contraction (E(max)) decreased after administration of fasudil at 3 or 10 micromol/L (both P < 0.01), or 30 micromol/L (72.5 + or - 7.43%, 58.4 + or - 8.04% and 68.4 + or - 9.6%, respectively, of the first curve). In detrusor with urothelium, E(max) decreased significantly (all P < 0.05) after the addition of 3, 10 or 30 micromol/L of fasudil (84.9 + or - 6.7%, 67.9 + or - 5.2% and 35.2 + or - 4.1%, respectively). In tissues precontracted with 80 mmol/L KCl or 100 micromol/L carbachol, tension after administration of fasudil (1 nmol/L to 100 micromol/L) decreased (by approximately 40%), only after administration of fasudil at high concentration (>1 micromol/L), in detrusor both with and without urothelium. In tissues with and without urothelium, responses to electrical field stimulation at 1-50 Hz decreased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner after addition of fasudil (3 to 30 micromol/L). CONCLUSIONS Fasudil seems to provoke relaxation of the bladder detrusor via both urothelium-dependent and independent pathways.
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Yono M, Yoshida M, Yamamoto Y, Imanishi A, Fukagawa A, Latifpour J, Eto M. Identification of potential therapeutic targets in hypertension-associated bladder dysfunction. BJU Int 2010; 105:877-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.08809.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Aldridge N, Kim HW, Motamedi A, Rajasekaran M. Chronic partial bladder outlet obstruction does not impair erectile function in male rats. BJU Int 2009; 106:572-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.09105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Masago T, Watanabe T, Saito M, Kinoshita Y, Sato K, Miyagawa I. Effect of the rho-kinase inhibitor hydroxyfasudil on bladder overactivity: an experimental rat model. Int J Urol 2009; 16:842-7. [PMID: 19735460 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2009.02375.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of the rho-kinase inhibitor hydroxyfasudil on bladder overactivity in cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of CYP (200 mg/kg). Four days later, bladder function was evaluated by: (i) monitoring micturition behavior in metabolic cages between hydroxyfasudil- and vehicle-treated animals; (ii) measuring changes in continuous cystometrograms in response to intravenous hydroxyfasudil under anesthesia; and (iii) conducting a functional study examining the effect of hydroxyfasudil on the concentration-response curves to carbachol in bladder tissue strips. RESULTS Intraperitoneal injection of hydroxyfasudil (10 mg/kg) significantly increased both the average and maximal voided volumes. Hydroxyfasudil significantly decreased the maximal detrusor pressure, whereas the intercontraction interval was not significantly affected. After administration of 0.1, 0.3, 1, and 3 microM hydroxyfasudil, the maximal contraction of the concentration-response curves to carbachol was significantly reduced to 74.5 +/- 4.2%, 55.2 +/- 5.6%, 29.4 +/- 5.6%, and 21.6 +/- 8.2% of the control values, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present findings indicate that hydroxyfasudil might be a new treatment option for CYP-induced detrusor overactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Masago
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
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Li S, Hydery T, Juan Y, Lin WY, Kogan B, Mannikarottu A, Leggett RE, Schuler C, Levin RM. The Effect of 2- and 4-Week Ovariectomy on Female Rabbit Urinary Bladder Function. Urology 2009; 74:691-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nakanishi K, Kamai T, Mizuno T, Arai K, Yamanishi T. Expression of RhoA mRNA and activated RhoA in urothelium and smooth muscle, and effects of a rho-kinase inhibitor on contraction of the porcine urinary bladder. Neurourol Urodyn 2009; 28:521-8. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.20694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Jin LH, Andersson KE, Kwon YH, Park CS, Yoon SM, Lee T. Substantial detrusor overactivity in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats with hyperactive behaviour. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 43:3-7. [DOI: 10.1080/00365590802468750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karl-Erik Andersson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yong-Hyun Kwon
- Pharmacology and MTRC, Inha University College of Medicine by BK 21 Project, Incheon, Korea
| | - Chang-Shin Park
- Pharmacology and MTRC, Inha University College of Medicine by BK 21 Project, Incheon, Korea
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Morelli A, Filippi S, Sandner P, Fibbi B, Chavalmane AK, Silvestrini E, Sarchielli E, Vignozzi L, Gacci M, Carini M, Vannelli GB, Maggi M. Vardenafil modulates bladder contractility through cGMP-mediated inhibition of RhoA/Rho kinase signaling pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Sex Med 2009; 6:1594-1608. [PMID: 19473460 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i), the most widely used drugs for erectile dysfunction, could also improve lower urinary tract symptoms, essentially due to overactive bladder (OAB), a condition hypothesized to be a result of an increased RhoA/Rho-kinase (ROCK) signaling. Phosphorylation/inactivation of RhoA by cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG) activity has been described in vascular smooth muscle. AIM The aim of this paper was to investigate whether vardenafil-induced cGMP accumulation reduces RhoA/ROCK signaling in bladder. METHODS Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), a strain genetically prone to develop OAB, were treated with vardenafil (10 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as control. In vitro experiments were performed in human bladder smooth muscle cells (hBCs). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Urodynamic parameters were registered in vivo in anesthetized WKY and SHRs. RhoA/ROCK activity in bladder was evaluated by molecular and functional studies in tissues and cells. RESULTS The intercontraction interval and bladder capacity, and were decreased in SHRs and restored by vardenafil. The in vitro relaxant effect of the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 was higher in bladder strips from SHR than from WKY and reduced by vardenafil. Nomega-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (a NO-synthase inhibitor, 40 mg/kg/day during the last week of the 2-week treatment with vardenafil) partially antagonized vardenafil effect on Y-27632 responsiveness. Vardenafil prevented RhoA membrane translocation/activation, decreased ROCK activity, and increased cGMP levels in vivo (rat) and in vitro (hBCs). Exposing hBCs to vardenafil increased Ser(188) RhoA phosphorylation, to the same extent as the PDE5-insensitive PKG agonist Sp-8-Br-PET-cGMP. Moreover, vardenafil inhibited several RhoA-dependent functions in hBCs, including smooth muscle gene transcription and endothelin-1-induced migration. These effects were reverted by the PKG inhibitor KT 5823, further suggesting a cGMP/PKG-dependency. In hBCs, vardenafil was active in the low nanomolar range. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study demonstrating that the effect of vardenafil on OAB could be partially determined by a cGMP-dependent RhoA/ROCK signaling inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Morelli
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandra Filippi
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Benedetta Fibbi
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Silvestrini
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Erica Sarchielli
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Linda Vignozzi
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mauro Gacci
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Carini
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella B Vannelli
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy;.
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Takahashi N, Shiomi H, Kushida N, Liu F, Ishibashi K, Yanagida T, Shishido K, Aikawa K, Yamaguchi O. Obstruction alters muscarinic receptor-coupled RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway in the urinary bladder of the rat. Neurourol Urodyn 2009; 28:257-62. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.20625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nobe K, Yamazaki T, Tsumita N, Hashimoto T, Honda K. Glucose-dependent enhancement of diabetic bladder contraction is associated with a rho kinase-regulated protein kinase C pathway. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 328:940-50. [PMID: 19050171 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.144907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary bladder dysfunction, which is one of the most common diabetic complications, is associated with alteration of bladder smooth muscle contraction. However, details regarding the responses under high-glucose (HG) conditions in diabetes are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to identify a relationship between extracellular glucose level and bladder smooth muscle contraction in diabetes. Bladder smooth muscle tissues were isolated from spontaneously type II diabetic (ob/ob mouse; 16-20 weeks of age, male) and age-matched control (C57BL mouse) mice. Carbachol (CCh) induced time- and dose-dependent contractions in ob/ob and C57BL mice; however, maximal responses differed significantly (14.34 +/- 0.32 and 12.69 +/- 0.22 mN/mm(2) after 30 microM CCh treatment, respectively; n = 5-8). Pretreatment of bladders under HG conditions (22.2 mM glucose; concentration is twice that of normal glucose for 30 min) led to enhancement of CCh-induced contraction solely in diabetic mice (15.9 +/- 0.26 mN/mm(2); n = 5). Basal extracellular glucose-dependent enhancement of bladder contraction in diabetes was documented initially in this study. The correlation between intracellular calcium concentration and contraction was enhanced only in the ob/ob mouse. This enhancement of contraction and total protein kinase C (PKC) activity were inhibited by pretreatment with not only a PKC inhibitor (rottlerin) but also with a rho kinase inhibitor, fasudil [1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)homopiperazine HCl]. These reagents also suppressed the differences between ob/ob and C57BL mouse bladder contractions under HG conditions. The data indicated that glucose-dependent enhancement of contraction in diabetic bladder is involved in the activation of the rho kinase and calcium-independent PKC pathways. This dysfunction may contribute to bladder complications such as detrusor overactivity and reduced bladder capacity in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nobe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
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Park JK, Köhler TS, McVary KT. Lower urinary tract symptoms, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and sexual dysfunction. CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11884-008-0034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Guven A, Lin WY, Neuman P, Kogan BA, Levin R, Mannikarottu A. Effect of age on the role of Rho-kinase in short-term partial bladder outlet obstruction. Urology 2008; 71:541-5. [PMID: 18342205 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the expression of Rho-kinase (ROK) isoforms in young and old rabbits' detrusor smooth muscles (SM) during the progression of short-term partial bladder outlet obstruction and correlated them with the time course of obstruction. METHODS We obtained detrusor samples from bladders after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days of obstruction and also sham-operated control rabbits. We used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and Western blotting to determine the relative levels of ROK isoform expression at the mRNA and protein levels. RESULTS Bladder weight for young rabbits increased between 1 and 7 days' obstruction and came back toward control levels at 14 days' obstruction. In old rabbits, bladder weight increased after obstruction, reaching a maximum at 3 days and remaining at this level throughout the 14 days. In young rabbits, the expression of ROKalpha increased in 1- to 7-day obstructed groups and decreased in the 14-day group, whereas it increased progressively in the old rabbits at both the mRNA and protein levels. There was a significant decrease in the expression of ROKbeta in young obstructed rabbits, which gradually decreased during the course of 1- to 7-day obstruction period and increased after 14 days of obstruction. In old groups, there was a decrease in expression after 1 day of obstruction and values remained at a decreased level throughout the course of the study. CONCLUSIONS Young rabbit bladders are better able to adapt to bladder outlet obstruction and ROK isoforms respond in a similar way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Guven
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
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Leon LA, Hoffman BE, Gardner SD, Laping NJ, Evans C, Lashinger ESR, Su X. Effects of the β3-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist Disodium 5-[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-(3-Chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]propyl]-1,3-benzodioxole-2,2-dicarboxylate (CL-316243) on Bladder Micturition Reflex in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 326:178-85. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.138651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Myung SC, Lee MY, Lee SY, Yum SH, Park SH, Kim SC. Contractile changes of the clitoral cavernous smooth muscle in female rabbits with experimentally induced overactive bladder. J Sex Med 2008; 5:1088-1096. [PMID: 18331275 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00777.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, growing clinical evidence has suggested that sexual dysfunction is more prevalent in women with overactive bladder (OAB). Aims. However, there has been no basic research to clarify the relationship between OAB and female sexual dysfunction. Therefore, we investigated this issue using a rabbit model of OAB. METHODS Twenty-seven New Zealand white female rabbits were randomly divided into the OAB and control groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The contractile responses of clitoral cavernous strips to K(+), phenylephrine (PE), Bay K 8644, and endothelin (ET)-1, and the relaxation responses of acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and Y-27632 to PE-induced contraction by measuring isometric tension. Results. The contractile responses to K(+), PE, Bay K 8644, and ET-1 were significantly more increased in the OAB group in a dose-dependant manner than in the control group (P < 0.05), and the responses to ET-1 were more prominent than those to the remaining substances (P < 0.01). The increased contractile responses to ET-1 were blocked by BQ123 (ET(A) receptor antagonist) but not by BQ788 (ET(B) receptor antagonist). Clitoral cavernosal strips from the OAB group were more difficult to relax than those from the control group in terms of ACh- and SNP-induced relaxation (P < 0.05). The Y-27632-induced relaxant responses to PE- and ET-1-induced contraction were less prominent in the OAB group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS; The results of this study provide evidence that female OAB may deteriorate clitoral engorgement, which is associated with a greater force generation by increased calcium sensitization and subsequently decreased of relaxation. The activation of ET and Rho-kinase system may be crucial to negatively effect the clitoral smooth muscle relaxation in experimentally induced OAB animal model. But whether these vasomotor effects are revived in human clitoris is still debatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Chul Myung
- Research Institute for Translational System Biomics, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moo-Yeol Lee
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin-Young Lee
- Research Institute for Translational System Biomics, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Yum
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Park
- Research Institute for Translational System Biomics, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sae-Chul Kim
- Research Institute for Translational System Biomics, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea;.
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Michel MC, Barendrecht MM. Physiological and pathological regulation of the autonomic control of urinary bladder contractility. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 117:297-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Emerging pharmacological targets in overactive bladder therapy: experimental and clinical evidences. Int Urogynecol J 2008; 19:583-98. [PMID: 18196198 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-007-0529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 11/25/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimuscarinics are the mainstay of the medical therapy for overactive bladder, but their side effects and often modest success have prompted studies on novel pharmacological approaches. In this paper, we give a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed papers on the subject. Effective nonantimuscarinic treatments are currently scarce, but many new promising compounds are emerging, which target key molecular pathways involved in micturition control. The most promising potential therapeutic targets include: nervous GABAergic, glycinergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic systems; b-adrenoceptors and cAMP metabolism; nonadrenergic-noncholinergic mechanisms such as purinergic and neuropeptidergic systems; vanilloid receptors; bladder afferent nerves; nonneuronal bladder signaling systems including urothelium and interstitial cells; prostanoids; Rho-kinase; and different subtypes of potassium and calcium channels. Despite the enormous amount of new biologic insight, very few drugs with mechanism of action other than antimuscarinics have passed as yet the proof-of-concept stage. Further preclinical and clinical studies are urgently needed in this rapidly moving field.
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