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Birchall JR, Horvat-Menih I, Kaggie JD, Riemer F, Benjamin AJV, Graves MJ, Wilkinson I, Gallagher FA, McLean MA. Quantitative 23Na magnetic resonance imaging in the abdomen at 3 T. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024:10.1007/s10334-024-01167-6. [PMID: 38822992 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-024-01167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the feasibility of sodium-23 MRI for performing quantitative and non-invasive measurements of total sodium concentration (TSC) and relaxation in a variety of abdominal organs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Proton and sodium imaging of the abdomen was performed in 19 healthy volunteers using a 3D cones sequence and a sodium-tuned 4-rung transmit/receive body coil on a clinical 3 T system. The effects of B1 non-uniformity on TSC measurements were corrected using the double-angle method. The long-component of 23Na T2* relaxation time was measured using a series of variable echo-times. RESULTS The mean and standard deviation of TSC and long-component 23Na T2* values were calculated across the healthy volunteer group in the kidneys, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), liver, gallbladder, spleen, aorta, and inferior vena cava. DISCUSSION Mean TSC values in the kidneys, liver, and spleen were similar to those reported using 23Na-MRI previously in the literature. Measurements in the CSF and gallbladder were lower, potentially due to the reduced spatial resolution achievable in a clinically acceptable scan time. Mean long-component 23Na T2* values were consistent with previous reports from the kidneys and CSF. Intra-population standard error was larger in smaller, fluid-filled structures due to fluid motion and partial volume effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Frank Riemer
- Department of Radiology, Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital Helse Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Ian Wilkinson
- Cambridge Cardiovascular, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Rasmussen CW, Bøgh N, Ringgaard S, Birn H, Vaeggemose M, Schulte RF, Laustsen C. Daytime Variation in Kidney Perfusion, Oxygenation, and Sodium Concentration Assessed by Multiparametric MRI in Healthy Volunteers. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:1603-1611. [PMID: 37656067 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MRI can provide information on kidney structure, perfusion, and oxygenation. Furthermore, it allows for the assessment of kidney sodium concentrations and handling, allowing multiparametric evaluation of kidney physiology. Multiparametric MRI is promising for establishing prognosis and monitoring treatment responses in kidney diseases, but its intraindividual variation during the day is unresolved. PURPOSE To investigate the variation in multiparametric MRI measurements from the morning to the evening. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION Ten healthy volunteers, aged 29 ± 5 without history of kidney disease. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3 T/T1 mapping, blood-oxygen level dependent imaging, arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging, diffusion weighted imaging, and sodium imaging. ASSESSMENT A multiparametric MRI protocol, yielding T1, R2*, ADC, renal blood flow and renal sodium levels, was acquired in the morning, noon, and evening. The participants were fasting prior to the first examination. Urine biochemical analyses were performed to complement MRI data. The cortex and medulla were analyzed separately in a semi-automatic fashion, and gradients of total sodium concentration (TSC) and R2* gradients were calculated from outer cortex to inner medulla. STATISTICAL TEST Analyses of variance and mixed-effects models to estimate differences from time of day. Coefficients of variation to assess variability within and between participants. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The coefficients of variation varied from 5% to 18% for proton-based parametric sequences, while it was 38% for TSC over a day. DATA CONCLUSION Multiparametric MRI is stable over the day. The coefficients of variation over a day were lower for proton multiparametric MRI, but higher for sodium MRI. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla W Rasmussen
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Bøgh
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Ringgaard
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Birn
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Vaeggemose
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- GE HealthCare, Broendby, Denmark
| | | | - Christoffer Laustsen
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Christensen NV, Vaeggemose M, Bøgh N, Hansen ESS, Olesen JL, Kim Y, Vigneron DB, Gordon JW, Jespersen SN, Laustsen C. A user independent denoising method for x-nuclei MRI and MRS. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:2539-2556. [PMID: 37526128 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE X-nuclei (also called non-proton MRI) MRI and spectroscopy are limited by the intrinsic low SNR as compared to conventional proton imaging. Clinical translation of x-nuclei examination warrants the need of a robust and versatile tool improving image quality for diagnostic use. In this work, we compare a novel denoising method with fewer inputs to the current state-of-the-art denoising method. METHODS Denoising approaches were compared on human acquisitions of sodium (23 Na) brain, deuterium (2 H) brain, carbon (13 C) heart and brain, and simulated dynamic hyperpolarized 13 C brain scans, with and without additional noise. The current state-of-the-art denoising method Global-local higher order singular value decomposition (GL-HOSVD) was compared to the few-input method tensor Marchenko-Pastur principal component analysis (tMPPCA). Noise-removal was quantified by residual distributions, and statistical analyses evaluated the differences in mean-square-error and Bland-Altman analysis to quantify agreement between original and denoised results of noise-added data. RESULTS GL-HOSVD and tMPPCA showed similar performance for the variety of x-nuclei data analyzed in this work, with tMPPCA removing ˜5% more noise on average over GL-HOSVD. The mean ratio between noise-added and denoising reproducibility coefficients of the Bland-Altman analysis when compared to the original are also similar for the two methods with 3.09 ± 1.03 and 2.83 ± 0.79 for GL-HOSVD and tMPPCA, respectively. CONCLUSION The strength of tMPPCA lies in the few-input approach, which generalizes well to different data sources. This makes the use of tMPPCA denoising a robust and versatile tool in x-nuclei imaging improvements and the preferred denoising method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Vaeggemose
- The MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- GE Healthcare, Brøndby, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Bøgh
- The MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- A&E, Gødstrup Hospital, Herning, Denmark
| | - Esben S S Hansen
- The MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas L Olesen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) and MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yaewon Kim
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sune N Jespersen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN) and MINDLab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- The MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Gast LV, Platt T, Nagel AM, Gerhalter T. Recent technical developments and clinical research applications of sodium ( 23Na) MRI. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 138-139:1-51. [PMID: 38065665 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Sodium is an essential ion that plays a central role in many physiological processes including the transmembrane electrochemical gradient and the maintenance of the body's homeostasis. Due to the crucial role of sodium in the human body, the sodium nucleus is a promising candidate for non-invasively assessing (patho-)physiological changes. Almost 10 years ago, Madelin et al. provided a comprehensive review of methods and applications of sodium (23Na) MRI (Madelin et al., 2014) [1]. More recent review articles have focused mainly on specific applications of 23Na MRI. For example, several articles covered 23Na MRI applications for diseases such as osteoarthritis (Zbyn et al., 2016, Zaric et al., 2020) [2,3], multiple sclerosis (Petracca et al., 2016, Huhn et al., 2019) [4,5] and brain tumors (Schepkin, 2016) [6], or for imaging certain organs such as the kidneys (Zollner et al., 2016) [7], the brain (Shah et al., 2016, Thulborn et al., 2018) [8,9], and the heart (Bottomley, 2016) [10]. Other articles have reviewed technical developments such as radiofrequency (RF) coils for 23Na MRI (Wiggins et al., 2016, Bangerter et al., 2016) [11,12], pulse sequences (Konstandin et al., 2014) [13], image reconstruction methods (Chen et al., 2021) [14], and interleaved/simultaneous imaging techniques (Lopez Kolkovsky et al., 2022) [15]. In addition, 23Na MRI topics have been covered in review articles with broader topics such as multinuclear MRI or ultra-high-field MRI (Niesporek et al., 2019, Hu et al., 2019, Ladd et al., 2018) [16-18]. During the past decade, various research groups have continued working on technical improvements to sodium MRI and have investigated its potential to serve as a diagnostic and prognostic tool. Clinical research applications of 23Na MRI have covered a broad spectrum of diseases, mainly focusing on the brain, cartilage, and skeletal muscle (see Fig. 1). In this article, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of methodological and hardware developments, as well as a review of various clinical research applications of sodium (23Na) MRI in the last decade (i.e., published from the beginning of 2013 to the end of 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena V Gast
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Tanja Platt
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Teresa Gerhalter
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
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