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Sarr H, Niang AA, Diop A, Mediannikov O, Zerrouki H, Diene SM, Lo S, Dia ML, Sow AI, Fenollar F, Rolain JM, Hadjadj L. The Emergence of Carbapenem- and Colistin-Resistant Enterobacteria in Senegal. Pathogens 2023; 12:974. [PMID: 37623934 PMCID: PMC10459028 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12080974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a public health problem. The emergence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) infections is a concern, particularly in Senegal. (1) Methods: Between January 2019 and July 2022, 240 isolates of enterobacteria resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and imipenem from biological samples from Fann Hospital (Dakar) and Hôpital Paix (Ziguinchor) were selected. The isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and susceptibility tests were performed by the disk diffusion method. Antibiotic-resistance genes for class A beta-lactamases, carbapenemases, and plasmid resistance to colistin resistance (mcr-1-8) were screened by RT-PCR. (2) Results: The 240 enterobacteria were composed of: Escherichia coli (60.83%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.67%), Enterobacter cloacae (13.75%), Citrobacter freundii (2.08%), Serratia marcescens (0.83%), Klebsiella aerogenes (0.42%), and Proteus mirabilis (0.42%). Class A beta-lactamase genes were found in 229 isolates (70.41% blaTEM, 37.5% blaSHV, 83.75% blaCTX-A, and 0.42% blaCTX-B). The carbapenemase genes blaOXA-48 and blaNDM were found in 25 isolates, including 14 isolates with blaOXA-48, 13 isolates with blaNDM, and 2 isolates with both genes simultaneously. The mcr-8 gene was found in one isolate of E. cloacae. (3) Conclusions: The epidemiology of antibiotic-resistance genes in enterobacteria in Senegal shows the emergence of CPEs. This phenomenon is worrying, and rigorous surveillance is necessary to avoid further spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibou Sarr
- UFR des Sciences de la Santé, Université Assane Seck de Ziguinchor, Ziguinchor BP 523, Senegal;
- Unité de Bactériologie, Hôpital de la Paix de Ziguinchor, Ziguinchor BP 523, Senegal
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, MEPHI IRD, APHM, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (O.M.); (H.Z.); (S.M.D.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Aissatou Ahmet Niang
- Faculté de Médecine, Pharmacie et Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Cheikh-Anta-Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal; (A.A.N.); (A.D.); (M.L.D.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Amadou Diop
- Faculté de Médecine, Pharmacie et Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Cheikh-Anta-Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal; (A.A.N.); (A.D.); (M.L.D.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, MEPHI IRD, APHM, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (O.M.); (H.Z.); (S.M.D.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Hanane Zerrouki
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, MEPHI IRD, APHM, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (O.M.); (H.Z.); (S.M.D.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Seydina M. Diene
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, MEPHI IRD, APHM, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (O.M.); (H.Z.); (S.M.D.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Seynabou Lo
- UFR des Sciences de la Santé, Université Gaston Berger, Saint Louis BP 234, Senegal;
| | - Mouhamadou Lamine Dia
- Faculté de Médecine, Pharmacie et Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Cheikh-Anta-Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal; (A.A.N.); (A.D.); (M.L.D.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Ahmad Iyane Sow
- Faculté de Médecine, Pharmacie et Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Cheikh-Anta-Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal; (A.A.N.); (A.D.); (M.L.D.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Florence Fenollar
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France;
- VITROME, IRD, APHM, SSA, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, MEPHI IRD, APHM, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (O.M.); (H.Z.); (S.M.D.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Linda Hadjadj
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, MEPHI IRD, APHM, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France; (O.M.); (H.Z.); (S.M.D.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France;
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Ouchar Mahamat O, Kempf M, Lounnas M, Tidjani A, Hide M, Benavides JA, Carrière C, Bañuls AL, Jean-Pierre H, Ouedraogo AS, Dumont Y, Godreuil S. Epidemiology and prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in humans, animals and the environment in West and Central Africa. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 57:106203. [PMID: 33075511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are widespread. Here we used the 'One Health' approach to determine knowledge gaps on ESBL-E and CPE in West and Central Africa. We searched all articles on ESBL-E and CPE in these African regions published in PubMed, African Journals Online and Google Scholar from 2000 onwards. Among the 1201 articles retrieved, we selected 165 studies (West Africa, 118; Central Africa, 47) with data from 22 of the 26 West and Central Africa countries. Regarding the settings, 136 articles focused only on humans (carriage and/or infection), 6 articles on humans and animals, 13 on animals, 1 on humans and the environment, 8 on the environment and 1 on humans, animals and environments. ESBL-E prevalence ranged from 11-72% in humans and 7-79% in aquatic environments (wastewater). In animals, ESBL-E prevalence hugely varied: 0% in cattle, 11-36% in chickens, 20% in rats, 21-71% in pigs and 32-75% in dogs. The blaCTX-M-15 gene was the predominant ESBL-encoding gene and was associated with plasmids of incompatibility groups F, H, K, Y, N, I1 and R. CPE were studied only in humans. Class B metallo-β-lactamases (NDM) and class D oxacillinases (OXA-48 and OXA-181) were the most common carbapenemases. Our results show major knowledge gaps, particularly on ESBL and CPE in animals and the environment, that might limit antimicrobial resistance management in these regions. The results also emphasise the urgent need to improve active surveillance programmes in each country and to support antimicrobial stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumar Ouchar Mahamat
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Service de laboratoire, Hôpital de la Mère et de l'Enfant, N'Djaména, Chad.
| | - Marie Kempf
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France, and Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Institut de Biologie en Santé - PBH, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Manon Lounnas
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Mallorie Hide
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julio A Benavides
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Carrière
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Laure Bañuls
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Laboraoire Mixte International, DRISA, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Jean-Pierre
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Yann Dumont
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Godreuil
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Laboraoire Mixte International, DRISA, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Peyclit L, Chanteloup A, Hadjadj L, Rolain JM. Role of Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection in the surveillance of resistance to antibiotics and training of students in the Mediterranean basin and in African countries. New Microbes New Infect 2018; 26:S52-S64. [PMID: 30402244 PMCID: PMC6205572 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance of antibiotic resistance has become a public global concern after the rapid worldwide dissemination of several antibiotic resistance genes. Here we report the role of the Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection created in 2011 in the identification and description of multidrug-resistant bacteria thanks to collaborations and training of students from the Mediterranean basin and from African countries. Since the creation of the institute, 95 students and researchers have come from 19 different countries from these areas to characterize 6359 bacterial isolates from 7280 samples from humans (64%), animals (28%) and the environment (8%). Most bacterial isolates studied were Gram-negative bacteria (n = 5588; 87.9%), mostly from Algeria (n = 4190), Lebanon (n = 946), Greece (n = 610), Saudi Arabia (n = 299) and Senegal (n = 278). Antibiotic resistance was diversified with the detection and characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamases, carbapenemases and resistance to colistin, vancomycin and methicillin. All those studies led to 97 indexed international scientific papers. Over the last 6 years, our institute has created a huge network of collaborations by training students that plays a major role in the surveillance of resistance to antibiotics in these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J.-M. Rolain
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Dia ML, Ngom B, Diagne R, Ka R, Lo S, Cisse MF, Arlet G, Sow AI. Molecular detection of CTX-M-15-type β-lactamases in Escherichia coli strains from Senegal. New Microbes New Infect 2015; 9:45-6. [PMID: 26862433 PMCID: PMC4707190 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to detect the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) secreted by clinical strains of Escherichia coli at Fann University Hospital in Dakar and to characterize them molecularly. We identified 32 isolates producing ESBLs. The CTX-M-15 gene was the most frequently detected ESBL gene, detected in 90.63% of the isolates studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Dia
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Fann University Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - B Ngom
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Fann University Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - R Diagne
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Fann University Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - R Ka
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Fann University Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - S Lo
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Regional Hospital of Saint-Louis, Dakar, Senegal
| | - M F Cisse
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Albert Royer Children's Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - G Arlet
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - A I Sow
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Fann University Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
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