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Tupper H, Ghukasyan R, Bayburtyan A, Hovhannisyan M, Shekherdimian S. Breast Cancer Awareness and Screening Perceptions of Women in Yerevan, Armenia. Int J Public Health 2024; 69:1607029. [PMID: 38818228 PMCID: PMC11137264 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1607029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Breast cancer is the leading cause of female cancer mortality in Armenia. The government is considering covering breast cancer screening, but prevailing attitudes towards it are unknown. This cross-sectional study assessed Armenian women's awareness and perceptions of breast cancer screening. Methods We administered a validated telephone survey to women ages 35-65 registered in Yerevan's polyclinic system between 2019-2021, assessing sociodemographic characteristics, breast cancer exposure and screening attitudes, using an adapted Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). We analyzed the association, unadjusted and adjusted, between sociodemographic characteristics, screening exposure, and CHBMS scores. Results 170 women completed surveys. Most (82.9%) were aware of screening, 48.5% knew someone with breast cancer, but only 42.5% had undergone screening, predominantly without their physician's recommendation (63.2%). Despite elevated awareness, 76.2% had never discussed screening with their provider. Barriers included cost and mistreatment concerns. Education consistently predicted prior screening and most CHBMS scores. Conclusion Armenian women are highly exposed to breast cancer, but knowledge and prior screening primarily emanate from non-physician sources. Results highlighted the influence of education, patient-provider relationships, and healthcare costs, underscoring the importance of multi-level interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Tupper
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Razmik Ghukasyan
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Joulaei H, Delshad MH, Pourhaji F. The Correlation of Social Support and Fear of Breast Cancer among Women in Northeast of Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY BASED NURSING AND MIDWIFERY 2023; 11:210-221. [PMID: 37489226 PMCID: PMC10363265 DOI: 10.30476/ijcbnm.2023.98094.2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Screening programs are the most common prevention methods. Perceived social support and fear are two important factors affecting women's participation in breast cancer screening. This study aimed to determine the relationship between fear of BC and perceived social support among women in Torbat Heydarieh, northeast of Iran. Methods This study is an online cross-sectional survey that was conducted on 352 women in Torbat Heydarieh city of Northeast Iran, from October 26th, 2021 to December 26th, 2022. Along with collecting sociodemographic characteristics, the Breast Cancer Fear Scale (BCFS), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were electronically administered to participants. Data were analyzed through SPSS software version 25, using independent samples t-tests, one-way analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression models. The statistical significance level was set at P<0.05. Results The mean score for the BCFS was 20.67±1.03 which was in the moderate range for the total score of 40. Assessment of perceived social support indicated a moderate level of perceived support for all dimensions. Also, a significant correlation was found between the women's BCFS scores and perceived social support (r=-0.29, P<0.001). Conclusion We found that there was a negative statistically significant correlation between the BCF and social support. Therefore, this study suggests that healthcare providers pay attention to these factors. Moreover, further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of BCF due to low social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Joulaei
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute for Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Delshad
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute for Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pourhaji
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute for Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
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Montoro CI, Alcaraz MDC, Galvez-Sánchez CM. Experience of Pain and Unpleasantness during Mammography Screening: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Roles of Emotional, Cognitive, and Personality Factors. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13050377. [PMID: 37232614 DOI: 10.3390/bs13050377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most frequent cause of malignant tumors among women worldwide. Its successful prevention depends on the degree of participation in screening programs, which can be influenced by psychological factors, including fear. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement. Twenty-six healthy women aged 50-69 years took part in this study, all of whom were summoned for routine mammography screening and were randomly selected. Prior mammography screening, breast pain intensity, unpleasantness (visual analog scale), and psychological (catastrophizing, state anxiety, and fear of pain) and personality (neuroticism, psychoticism, and extraversion) variables were evaluated. Pain, unpleasantness, and state anxiety were further evaluated pre- and post-mammography screening. RESULTS During the mammography screening, pain and unpleasantness levels were higher than those observed pre- and post-screening. Residual unpleasantness remained post-screening. State anxiety was positively associated with pain, and psychoticism with unpleasantness, as reported by participants during the mammography screening. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety levels influence the pain experienced in association with the mammography procedure. Women subjected to mammography screenings might benefit from relaxation strategies aimed at reducing anxiety to pre-mammography levels and, by extension, pain and unpleasantness during mammography. The inclusion of these strategies in breast cancer prevention campaigns could improve the rates of mammography reattendance, and therefore, benefit cancer prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Del Carmen Alcaraz
- Department of Psychology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
- Diagnostic Mammography Unit, Health Center of Martos, Distrito Jaén Sur, 23600 Jaén, Spain
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Ahmed H, Mushahid H. Overcoming challenges to breast cancer screening among Muslim women: addressing barriers to early detection and treatment: A correspondence. Cancer Causes Control 2023; 34:505-507. [PMID: 37022632 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths and is the most common type of cancer diagnosed in women. In an attempt to decrease its mortality, screening guidelines recommend mammograms, breast self-examinations, and breast clinical examinations for women above the age of 40. Compliance to these guidelines have been found to be significantly low in Muslim women which has been linked to their perceptions of religious guidelines regarding modesty and fatalism. In order to overcome these barriers and increase screening rates among Muslim women, faith-based intervention has been proven to be effective as it incorporates the use of religious leaders and allows the concerns of women to be addressed directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda Ahmed
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-E-Urdu Road, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Hasan Mushahid
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Baba-E-Urdu Road, Karachi, Pakistan
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Determination of the Relationship Between Gynecological Cancer Awareness and Fear of Cancer in Women Using Social Media and the Affecting Factors. Cancer Nurs 2023:00002820-990000000-00127. [PMID: 36927704 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000001230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the relationship between fear of gynecological cancer and awareness of cancer in women may help oncology nurses increase women's participation in gynecological cancer screening. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between women's gynecological cancer awareness and cancer fear using social media and the affecting factors. METHODS In a descriptive and cross-sectional study design, online data were collected from 1231 women aged 20 to 69 years through social media using the Descriptive Information Form, the Gynecological Cancer Awareness Scale (GCAS), and the Cancer Worry Scale (CWS). Analytic tests included paired t tests, analysis of variance, and post hoc correlations and structural equation modeling. RESULTS The women's total mean GCAS score was above moderate (152 ± 17), and their mean CWS score was high (19 ± 5). There was no relationship between the GCAS and CWS mean scores. Characteristics of participants with high awareness of gynecological cancer were being young, having a high educational level, having children, living in a province, having a history of cancer or family history of cancer, and having regular gynecological examinations, Papanicolaou smear tests, breast self-examination, and vulva examinations (P < .05). The fear of cancer was higher in women with children, a family history of cancer, and regular gynecological examination behaviors (P < .05). CONCLUSION Awareness of gynecological cancer was not significantly statistically associated with fear of cancer. Certain sociodemographic and gynecological characteristics are associated with awareness of gynecological cancer and/or fear of cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Oncology nurses may plan individualized or large-scale educational events that may make use of social media to enhance accurate awareness of gynecological cancer and related examinations in women.
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Layne TM, Agarwal P, Rapkin BD, Jandorf LH, Bickell NA. Cancer beliefs and screening behaviors: The impact of neighborhood and other social determinants of health. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1072259. [PMID: 36776291 PMCID: PMC9911808 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1072259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Beliefs about cancer influence breast and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening behavior. Screening rates for these cancers differ in the contiguous neighborhoods of East Harlem (EH), Central Harlem (CH), and the Upper East Side (UES), which have distinct socio-demographic compositions. We assessed the belief-screening behavior relationship in these neighborhoods. Methods The 2019 Community Cancer Needs Survey included adults eligible for breast and/or colorectal cancer screening. Raking was used to generate neighborhood-specific distribution estimates. Categorical variables were compared using Chi-square tests. Stepwise logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between cancer beliefs and screening. Results Our weighted sample included 147,726 respondents. Screening was 75% in CH, 81% in EH, and 90% in the UES for breast cancer, and 71%, 76%, and 92% for CRC, respectively. The fatalistic belief "There's not much you can do to lower your chances of getting cancer" differed by neighborhood with screening more likely in CH respondents (breast OR =1.45 and colorectal OR =1.11), but less likely in EH (OR= 0.77 and 0.37, respectively). UES ORs were not generated due to too few unscreened respondents. Conclusions Cancer beliefs were inconsistently associated with breast and CRC screening across three NYC neighborhoods. This suggests that a given belief may either motivate or deter screening, depending upon context or interpretation. Once access is addressed, efforts seeking to enhance screening rates should consider implications of communities' varying beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy M. Layne
- Departments of Population Health Science and Policy, and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, the Blavatnik Family Women’s Health Research Institute and the Center for Scientific Diversity at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Tracy M. Layne,
| | - Parul Agarwal
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bruce D. Rapkin
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lina H. Jandorf
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nina A. Bickell
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Factors Associated with Screening Mammogram Uptake among Women Attending an Urban University Primary Care Clinic in Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106103. [PMID: 35627637 PMCID: PMC9141597 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Screening mammograms have resulted in a reduction in breast cancer mortality, yet the uptake in Malaysia was low. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with screening mammogram uptake among women attending a Malaysian primary care clinic. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 women aged 40 to 74 attending the clinic. The data was collected using questionnaires assessing sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, knowledge and health beliefs. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with mammogram uptake. The prevalence of screening mammograms was 46.0%. About 45.5% of women with high breast cancer risk had never undergone a mammogram. Older participants, aged 50 to 74 (OR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.05, 6.29, p-value = 0.039) and those who received a physician’s recommendation (OR = 7.61, 95% CI: 3.81, 15.20, p-value < 0.001) were more likely to undergo screening mammography. Significant health beliefs associated with mammogram uptake were perceived barriers (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.97, p-value = 0.019) and cues to action (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.59, p-value = 0.012). Approximately half of the participants and those in the high-risk group had never undergone a mammogram. Older age, physician recommendation, perceived barriers and cues to action were significantly associated with mammogram uptake. Physicians need to play an active role in promoting breast cancer screening and addressing the barriers.
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Gül S, Büyükbayram Z. Identification of women's breast cancer prevention behaviors and the associated factors: The case of the Southeastern Anatolia Region. Health Care Women Int 2022; 45:373-389. [PMID: 35133952 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2021.2021914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the researchers investigated the factors that affect women's breast cancer prevention behaviors. The sample of this cross-sectional and descriptive study consisted of 406 participants aged 20 and older. The study was conducted in February-March 2021 within the administrative borders of a province located in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The data were collected via an online platform using Personal Information Form and the Scale of Factors Affecting Women's Breast Cancer Prevention Behaviors. The mean Scale of Factors Affecting Women's Breast Cancer Prevention Behaviors score of the participants was moderate as 107.20 ± 17.86. The frequency of breast cancer prevention behaviors was found to be lower in the participants with low literacy, those who were unemployed, those with low income, those living in villages and those who did not perform breast self-examination (p < 0.05). It is recommended to plan educational studies on breast cancer screening behaviors by considering regional differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidar Gül
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
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Keane E, Moore N, Leamy B, Scally A, McEntee MF. Identifying barriers to Irish traveller women attending breast screening. Radiography (Lond) 2021; 28:348-352. [PMID: 34916128 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in women, however Irish Traveller women have lower breast screening rates than that of the general population. This work aims to address the gap in knowledge of Irish Traveller womens' perceptions of breast screening and the perceived barriers and enablers to attendance. METHODS This phenomenological qualitative study involves interviews with Irish Traveller women and Health Care Professionals and discusses the incentives and barriers to attending breast screening mammography in Ireland. The work investigated attitudes and decision making amongst the Irish Traveller women across breast screening and breast health. The research investigated the participants knowledge, experience and opinions about the topic of Irish Traveller womens' attendance at BreastCheck and breast health RESULTS: Influences that create barriers to breast screening for Irish Traveller women include inequality and family/community support, fear, literacy and education, embarrassment and the health care professional, stress and appointment suitability. Findings also demonstrate inadequate data and information is available in Ireland regarding Irish Traveller women attending breast screening. CONCLUSION Irish Traveller women face several influences when it comes to attending breast screening. The existing Irish national breast screening programme provides a health promotion service however, it is impossible to assess poor attendance at screening without the presence of an ethnic identifier. It would be very beneficial for screening promotion to record the ethnicity of attendees for statistical progress. This would benefit Irish Traveller women by recording the progress of attendance in the breast screening programme and creating a need for awareness and education within the annual reports. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Creating awareness and educating Irish Traveller women about the breast screening programme may remove barriers and lead to improved attendance rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Keane
- Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, UG Assert, Brookfield Health Sciences, University College Cork, T12 AK54, Ireland.
| | - N Moore
- Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, UG Assert, Brookfield Health Sciences, University College Cork, T12 AK54, Ireland.
| | - B Leamy
- Department of Radiology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton Road, Cork, T12 DFK4, Ireland.
| | - A Scally
- Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, UG Assert, Brookfield Health Sciences, University College Cork, T12 AK54, Ireland.
| | - M F McEntee
- Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, UG Assert, Brookfield Health Sciences, University College Cork, T12 AK54, Ireland.
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