1
|
Martínez-Borba V, Suso-Ribera C, Catalá P, Marín D, Peñacoba-Puente C. Psychometric Properties of the Childbirth Expectation Questionnaire in a Sample of Spanish Pregnant Women. CLÍNICA Y SALUD 2022. [DOI: 10.5093/clysa2021a10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
|
2
|
Martos T, Sallay V, Rafael B, Konkolÿ Thege B. Preferred ways of giving birth in non-pregnant and pregnant nulliparous women: the role of control beliefs. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 42:201-211. [PMID: 31928281 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2019.1710486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the association between delivery-specific, health-related control beliefs and preferred ways of delivery in nulliparous Hungarian women. Moreover, since data about the delivery-specific control beliefs and delivery-related preferences of non-pregnant nulliparous women are lacking, the present study also seeks to provide descriptive information in this regard. METHODS A total of 984 Hungarian nulliparous women (26.45 ± 5.42 years; 660/77.2% non-pregnant and 224/22.8% pregnant) were included in the present study. The online assessment included measures of delivery-specific (internal-, healthcare professional-, and chance-related) health control beliefs, fears of childbirth, self-esteem, as well as preferences regarding delivery setting (i.e. spontaneous vaginal birth in hospital, planned cesarean birth and home birth). RESULTS Healthcare professional-related control beliefs were associated with a stronger preference for spontaneous vaginal birth in hospital (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.56-2.23) and planned cesarean birth (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.60-2.40), alongside a weaker preference for home birth (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.25-0.39). In contrast, internal delivery-specific control beliefs predicted a weaker preference for planned cesarean (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.55-0.78) and a stronger preference for home birth (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.33-2.00). A general preference index for medicalized ways of delivery was negatively associated with internal - and positively with healthcare professional - and chance-related control beliefs (βs = -.173, .074 and .445, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Delivery-related control beliefs are important psychological characteristics in the prediction of preferences for ways of delivery. Understanding delivery-specific control beliefs may be an important component of supporting women to give birth in a mentally and physically healthy way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Martos
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viola Sallay
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Rafael
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Barna Konkolÿ Thege
- Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee MC, Nahorski MS, Hockley JRF, Lu VB, Ison G, Pattison LA, Callejo G, Stouffer K, Fletcher E, Brown C, Drissi I, Wheeler D, Ernfors P, Menon D, Reimann F, Smith ESJ, Woods CG. Human Labor Pain Is Influenced by the Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel K V6.4 Subunit. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107941. [PMID: 32697988 PMCID: PMC7383234 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
By studying healthy women who do not request analgesia during their first delivery, we investigate genetic effects on labor pain. Such women have normal sensory and psychometric test results, except for significantly higher cuff pressure pain. We find an excess of heterozygotes carrying the rare allele of SNP rs140124801 in KCNG4. The rare variant KV6.4-Met419 has a dominant-negative effect and cannot modulate the voltage dependence of KV2.1 inactivation because it fails to traffic to the plasma membrane. In vivo, Kcng4 (KV6.4) expression occurs in 40% of retrograde-labeled mouse uterine sensory neurons, all of which express KV2.1, and over 90% express the nociceptor genes Trpv1 and Scn10a. In neurons overexpressing KV6.4-Met419, the voltage dependence of inactivation for KV2.1 is more depolarized compared with neurons overexpressing KV6.4. Finally, KV6.4-Met419-overexpressing neurons have a higher action potential threshold. We conclude that KV6.4 can influence human labor pain by modulating the excitability of uterine nociceptors. KCNG4 variant highly prevalent in women requiring no analgesia in childbirth KCNG4 variant encodes KV6.4Met-419; KV6.4 is a silent subunit modifying KV activity KV6.4Met-419 is retained in the cytoplasm and acts in a dominant-negative manner KV6.4Met-419 overexpression results in hypoexcitable sensory neurons
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Lee
- University Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Michael S Nahorski
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust MRC Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James R F Hockley
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Van B Lu
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Gillian Ison
- University Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Luke A Pattison
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Gerard Callejo
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Kaitlin Stouffer
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust MRC Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Emily Fletcher
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust MRC Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christopher Brown
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Ichrak Drissi
- University Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Daniel Wheeler
- University Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Patrik Ernfors
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Menon
- University Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | | | - C Geoffrey Woods
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust MRC Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marques GM, Nascimento DZ, Trevisol DJ, Iser BP. Instruments measuring pregnant women’s expectations of labor and childbirth: A systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 246:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
5
|
Stevens NR, Adams N, Wallston KA, Hamilton NA. Factors associated with women's desire for control of healthcare during childbirth: Psychometric analysis and construct validation. Res Nurs Health 2019; 42:273-283. [PMID: 31016758 DOI: 10.1002/nur.21948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The desire for control of healthcare is a significant moderator of outcomes related to childbirth. Researchers have shown that a sense of control of healthcare during childbirth is strongly correlated with postpartum maternal well-being. The aims of this study were to examine (a) the psychometric characteristics of an instrument to assess women's desire for control of healthcare during childbirth, and (b) examine desire for control in relation to parity, medical complications of pregnancy, and women's choices of childbirth providers and setting. The study design was cross-sectional using two different samples totaling 385 pregnant women. In Sample 1, (n = 193) we conducted an exploratory factor analysis to reduce the initial item pool. In Sample 2, (n = 192) we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the final 12-item instrument and examined factors related to the desire for control. Results of the analysis in Sample 1 were supportive of a single-factor structure reflecting women's desire to influence the childbirth healthcare environment and decision-making. The final 12-item instrument had high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93). CFA in Sample 2 was supportive of the single-factor structure with good model fit. The desire for control was directly correlated with an internal locus of control. Nulliparous women reported a lower desire for control compared with multiparous women. The desire for control among women with self-reported medical complications of pregnancy was comparable to that among women without pregnancy complications. The desire for control was a predictor of choosing midwives (vs. obstetricians), home or birth center (vs. hospitals), and professional labor support (e.g., doulas). Implications for future research on the impact of desire for control on maternal health outcomes are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Natasia Adams
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Kenneth A Wallston
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Center for Health Services Research, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nancy A Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Konheim-Kalkstein YL, Kirk CP, Berish K, Galotti KM. Owning the birth experience: what factors influence women's vaginal birth after caesarean decision? J Reprod Infant Psychol 2017. [PMID: 29517376 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2017.1320365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our quantitative analysis examined what factors influence pregnant women to choose a vaginal birth after a caesarean (VBAC). BACKGROUND There is growing concern over the high rates of caesarean section; much of the high rate is driven by repeat caesareans. A trial of labour after a previous caesarean is an option for many women increasingly supported by medical literature. METHODS Survey data from 173 pregnant women who had had only one birth by caesarean were analysed using a hierarchical binary logistic regression model. RESULTS Desire for the experience of a vaginal birth strongly predicted choice of VBAC; however, this relationship was dampened among women with a high (versus low) powerful others (e.g. doctors and nurses) locus of control. Prior reason for a caesarean section and practical factors also play a role. CONCLUSION Women may be more likely to choose VBAC if they are encouraged to believe that they can help control the outcome, especially if their desire for a vaginal birth experience is high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Colleen P Kirk
- b School of Management , New York Institute of Technology , Old Westbury , NY , USA
| | - Kristen Berish
- a Division of Social Sciences , Mount Saint Mary College , Newburgh , NY , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
A systematic review of the relationship factor between women and health professionals within the multivariant analysis of maternal satisfaction. Midwifery 2016; 41:68-78. [PMID: 27551856 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION personalised support provided to women by health professionals is one of the prime factors attaining women's satisfaction during pregnancy and childbirth. However the multifactorial nature of 'satisfaction' makes difficult to assess it. Statistical multivariate analysis may be an effective technique to obtain in depth quantitative evidence of the importance of this factor and its interaction with the other factors involved. This technique allows us to estimate the importance of overall satisfaction in its context and suggest actions for healthcare services. METHODS systematic review of studies that quantitatively measure the personal relationship between women and healthcare professionals (gynecologists, obstetricians, nurse, midwifes, etc.) regarding maternity care satisfaction. The literature search focused on studies carried out between 1970 and 2014 that used multivariate analyses and included the woman-caregiver relationship as a factor of their analysis. RESULTS twenty-four studies which applied various multivariate analysis tools to different periods of maternity care (antenatal, perinatal, post partum) were selected. The studies included discrete scale scores and questionnaires from women with low-risk pregnancies. The "personal relationship" factor appeared under various names: care received, personalised treatment, professional support, amongst others. The most common multivariate techniques used to assess the percentage of variance explained and the odds ratio of each factor were principal component analysis and logistic regression. DISCUSSION the data, variables and factor analysis suggest that continuous, personalised care provided by the usual midwife and delivered within a family or a specialised setting, generates the highest level of satisfaction. In addition, these factors foster the woman's psychological and physiological recovery, often surpassing clinical action (e.g. medicalization and hospital organization) and/or physiological determinants (e.g. pain, pathologies, etc.).
Collapse
|
8
|
Konkolÿ Thege B, Rafael B, Rohánszky M. Psychometric properties of the multidimensional health locus of control scale form C in a non-Western culture. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107108. [PMID: 25202967 PMCID: PMC4159290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Form C of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scales (MHLC-C) was designed to investigate health-related control beliefs of persons with an existing medical condition. The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of this instrument in a culture characterized by external control beliefs and learned helplessness—contrary to the societal context of original test development. Altogether, 374 Hungarian patients with cancer, irritable bowel syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders were enrolled in the study. Besides the MHLC-C, instruments measuring general control beliefs, anxiety, depression, self-efficacy, and health behaviors were also administered to evaluate the validity of the scale. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic techniques were used to investigate the factor structure of the scale. Our results showed that the Hungarian adaptation of the instrument had a slightly different structure than the one originally hypothesized: in the present sample, a three-factor structure emerged where the items of the Doctors and the Others subscales loaded onto a single common component. Internal reliability of all three subscales was adequate (alphas between .71 and .79). Data concerning the instrument's validity were comparable with previous results from Western countries. These findings may suggest that health locus of control can be construed very similarly to Western countries even in a post-communist society—regardless of the potential differences in general control beliefs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barna Konkolÿ Thege
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Firebird Foundation, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Beatrix Rafael
- Psychiatric Clinic, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Special Hospital of Chest Illnesses, Deszk, Hungary
| | - Magda Rohánszky
- Firebird Foundation, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Oncology, Szent László Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Keygnaert I, Vettenburg N, Roelens K, Temmerman M. Sexual health is dead in my body: participatory assessment of sexual health determinants by refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Belgium and The Netherlands. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:416. [PMID: 24886093 PMCID: PMC4012172 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although migrants constitute an important proportion of the European population, little is known about migrant sexual health. Existing research mainly focuses on migrants’ sexual health risks and accessibility issues while recommendations on adequate sexual health promotion are rarely provided. Hence, this paper explores how refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Belgium and the Netherlands define sexual health, search for sexual health information and perceive sexual health determinants. Methods Applying Community-based Participatory Research as the overarching research approach, we conducted 223 in-depth interviews with refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Belgium and the Netherlands. The Framework Analysis Technique was used to analyse qualitative data. We checked the extensiveness of the qualitative data and analysed the quantitative socio-demographic data with SPSS. Results Our results indicate that gender and age do not appear to be decisive determinants. However, incorporated cultural norms and education attainment are important to consider in desirable sexual health promotion in refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Belgium and the Netherlands. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that these migrants have a predominant internal health locus of control. Yet, most of them feel that this personal attitude is hugely challenged by the Belgian and Dutch asylum system and migration laws which force them into a structural dependent situation inducing sexual ill-health. Conclusion Refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Belgium and the Netherlands are at risk of sexual ill-health. Incorporated cultural norms and attained education are important determinants to address in desirable sexual health promotion. Yet, as their legal status demonstrates to be the key determinant, the prime concern is to alter organizational and societal factors linked to the Belgian and Dutch asylum system. Refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Belgium and the Netherlands should be granted the same opportunity as Belgian and Dutch citizens have, to become equally in control of their sexual health and sexuality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Keygnaert
- International Centre for Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 UZP114, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Reid EW, McNeill JA, Holmes VA, Alderdice FA. Women's perceptions and experiences of fetal macrosomia. Midwifery 2014; 30:456-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
11
|
Konheim-Kalkstein Y, Barry MM, Galotti K. Examining influences on women’s decision to try labour after previous caesarean section. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2013.875133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
12
|
Team V, Manderson LH, Markovic M. From state care to self-care: cancer screening behaviours among Russian-speaking Australian women. Aust J Prim Health 2013; 19:130-7. [DOI: 10.1071/py11158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we report on a small qualitative scale study with immigrant Russian-speaking Australian women, carers of dependent family members. Drawing on in-depth interviews, we explore women’s health-related behaviours, in particular their participation in breast and cervical cancer screening. Differences in preventive health care policies in country of origin and Australia explain their poor participation in cancer screening. Our participants had grown up in the former Soviet Union, where health checks were compulsory but where advice about frequency and timing was the responsibility of doctors. Following migration, women continued to believe that the responsibility for checks was their doctor’s, and they maintained that, compared with their experience of preventive medicine in the former Soviet Union, Australian practice was poor. Women argued that if reproductive health screening were important in cancer prevention, then health care providers would take a lead role to ensure that all women participated. Data suggest how women’s participation in screening may be improved.
Collapse
|
13
|
Stevens NR, Wallston KA, Hamilton NA. Perceived control and maternal satisfaction with childbirth: a measure development study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2012; 33:15-24. [PMID: 22304395 DOI: 10.3109/0167482x.2011.652996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate two instruments: one to assess patient perceptions of control of the childbirth environment and the other, global satisfaction with the childbirth experience. Participants were 187 women recruited from obstetric clinics, breast-feeding support groups and online who had given birth in the past 4 months. Scale development involved item construction, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the Perceived Control in Childbirth Scale (PCCh), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the Satisfaction with Childbirth Scale (SWCh), reliability analysis and construct validity analyses. EFA identified a single factor underlying a set of items reflecting the patient's belief that her actions influenced the birth environment (i.e. perceived control). CFAs supported a single-factor model reflecting the degree to which the birth experience met the patient's ideal (i.e. satisfaction). Perceived control was associated with childbirth self-efficacy. Childbirth satisfaction was associated with both affective reactions to birth and childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Results support the validity and reliability of two new scales that assess perceived control of the birth environment and global satisfaction with childbirth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R Stevens
- Rush University Medical Center, Behavioral Sciences, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Auerbach C, Beckerman NL. Locus of control and lupus: patients' beliefs, perspectives, and disease activity. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2012; 51:613-626. [PMID: 22905977 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2012.683685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Patients with lupus often experience a high degree of psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and mood disorders that can influence their beliefs and perceptions of their illness. The purpose of the study was to examine how a patient's self-reported psychosocial needs (depression and anxiety) and beliefs about how much control they have over their health (health locus of control) influences their perception of disease chronicity and acuity. The study findings were based on a survey of 378 patients self-diagnosed with lupus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Auerbach
- Wurzweiler School of Social Work, Yeshiva University, New York, New York 10033, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|