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Chávez-Manzanera EA, Vera-Zertuche JM, Kaufer-Horwitz M, Vázquez-Velázquez V, Flores-Lázaro JR, Mireles-Zavala L, Calzada-León R, Garnica-Cuellar JC, Sánchez-Muñoz V, Ramírez-Butanda E, Hernández-González R, Vargas-Martínez MA, Laviada-Molina H, Violante-Ortíz R, Esquivias-Zavala H, García-García E, Lavalle-González FJ, Mancillas-Adame L, López-Alvarenga JC, Pérez-Hernández JF, Soto-Fuentes EV, Soriano-Cortés RR, Goicoechea-Turcott EW, Magallanes-Díaz G, Herrera-Hernández MF, Barquera-Cervera S, Vargas-Contreras E, Díaz-Wionczek CB, Salmon M, Jesús DRD, Villaseñor-Díaz JP, Peña J, Ramos-Rojas J, Ávila-Oliver C, Rada G, Hussey B, Salas XR. Mexican Clinical Practice Guidelines for Adult Overweight and Obesity Management. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:643-666. [PMID: 39356455 PMCID: PMC11522083 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00585-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop Mexico's first methodologically rigorous clinical practice guideline for the management of adult overweight and obesity. The target audiences are interdisciplinary healthcare professionals across healthcare systems who are the first point of contact for patients with obesity in Mexico, patients, and health system decision makers. RECENT FINDINGS A review of recent international obesity clinical practice guidelines and an expert consensus process identified: i) common recommendations appropriate for implementation in Mexico and ii) knowledge gaps requiring the formulation of new recommendations. In all, 20 new recommendations and 20 good practice statements were developed using the GRADE Evidence-to-Decision Framework and expert consensus. Overweight and obesity negatively impact the health and well-being of individuals and populations in Mexico. This guideline aims to establish a new evidence-based, patient-centered, non-stigmatizing, and practical treatment and management framework, based on the fundamental principles of chronic disease prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A Chávez-Manzanera
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México.
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México.
| | - Juan M Vera-Zertuche
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México
- ABC Medical Center, Mexico City, México
| | - Martha Kaufer-Horwitz
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México
- Nutrition Division, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | - Verónica Vázquez-Velázquez
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
- Obesidades S.C, Mexico City, México
| | - José R Flores-Lázaro
- Sports Medicine Division, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Leonor Mireles-Zavala
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México
| | - Raúl Calzada-León
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México
- Service of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, México
| | - Juan C Garnica-Cuellar
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México
- Endocrinology Division, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, Institute for Social Security and Services for State, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Eduardo Ramírez-Butanda
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | | | - María A Vargas-Martínez
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | - Hugo Laviada-Molina
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Marista de Mérida, Mérida, México
| | - Rafael Violante-Ortíz
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México
- Tampico Faculty of Medicine Alberto Romo Caballero, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Tampico, Tamaulipas, México
| | - Héctor Esquivias-Zavala
- Department for Continuing Education, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, México
| | - Eduardo García-García
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México
| | - Fernando J Lavalle-González
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México
- Endocrine Service, Hospital Universitario Dr José E. González, Medicine School, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo Leon, México
| | - Leonardo Mancillas-Adame
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México
- Institute for Obesity Research, Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, México
- Internal Medicine Division, Medical School, and University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Leon, México
| | - Juan C López-Alvarenga
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México
- Population Health & Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Texas, United States
| | - Juan F Pérez-Hernández
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | - Erika V Soto-Fuentes
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | - Reina R Soriano-Cortés
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Gerardo Magallanes-Díaz
- Department of Secondary Prevention Central level, Servicios de Salud IMSS-BIENESTAR, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Simón Barquera-Cervera
- School of Public Health of Mexico at, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, México
| | - Edith Vargas-Contreras
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, México
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brad Hussey
- Replica Communications, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Lau DCW, Patton I, Lavji R, Belloum A, Ng G, Modi R. Therapeutic inertia in obesity management among people living with obesity from the perspective of general/family practitioners in Canada: A mixed-methods study. Clin Obes 2024:e12701. [PMID: 39228093 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
This mixed-methods study aimed to explore factors contributing to therapeutic inertia among people living with obesity in Canada from the perspective of general/family practitioners (GP/FPs). One-on-one interviews and online surveys guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework were conducted. A total of 20 general/family practitioners were interviewed and 200 general/family practitioners were surveyed. Key findings from interviews were used to guide the development of the survey. Spearman's correlation analysis evaluated the association between general/family practitioners theme domain scores and their familiarity with the 2020 Canadian Adult Obesity Clinical Practice Guidelines. The 200 general/family practitioners surveyed provided representation across Canada, with diversity in age, background, and gender. The most prominent domains related to therapeutic inertia that were positively influenced by familiarity with Clinical Practice Guidelines were Beliefs about Capabilities (rs = .27; p < .01), Skills (rs = .23; p < .01), Behavioural Regulation (rs = .24; p < .01) and Emotions (rs = .23; p < .01). Irrespective of their familiarity with Clinical Practice Guidelines, most general/family practitioners reported that environmental and contextual barriers impact obesity management. Particularly, while financial barriers were reported by participants regardless of Clinical Practice Guidelines familiarity, general/family practitioners familiar with Clinical Practice Guidelines more often reported having time to discuss obesity management with patients. This study identified perceptions, resource and training considerations that contribute to healthcare decision-making and therapeutic inertia in obesity management among general/family practitioners and highlighted key areas to target with interventions in primary care to facilitate obesity management, which should be multi-faceted, with a focus on incorporating obesity education into healthcare providers training programs and improving systemic and financial support.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C W Lau
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian Patton
- Obesity Canada, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Reena Lavji
- Novo Nordisk Canada Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adel Belloum
- Novo Nordisk Canada Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ginnie Ng
- IQVIA Solutions Canada Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Renuca Modi
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Salle L, Foulatier O, Coupaye M, Frering V, Constantin A, Joly AS, Braithwaite B, Gharbi F, Jubin L. ACTION-FRANCE: Insights into Perceptions, Attitudes, and Barriers to Obesity Management in France. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3519. [PMID: 38930048 PMCID: PMC11204730 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: ACTION-FRANCE (Awareness, Care, and Treatment In Obesity maNagement in France) aims to identify the perceptions, attitudes, behaviors, and potential barriers to effective obesity management in France and guide collaborative actions. Methods: ACTION-FRANCE is a cross-sectional survey of people with obesity (PwO) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) in France. The PwO and HCP survey questionnaire periods ran from 27 September 2022 to 1 February 2023 and from 19 December 2022 to 31 March 2023, respectively. Results: The study, encompassing 1226 PwO and 166 HCPs, reveals a shared recognition of obesity as a chronic condition. However, despite being requested by most PwO, weight-related discussions are surprisingly infrequent, leading to delayed diagnosis and care. PwO and HCPs held different views as to why: HCPs often attributed it to PwO's lack of motivation or disinterest, whereas PwO avoided them because they felt weight management was their own responsibility and were uncomfortable discussing it. When weight was discussed, primarily with general practitioners (GPs), discussions mostly focused on physical activity and diet. However, results identified the strong psychosocial impact of obesity: 42% of respondents reported anxiety/depressive symptoms, and many more hesitated to engage in certain social activities because of their weight. Psychotherapy was only discussed by 55% of HCPs. Pharmaceutical options were also rarely discussed (19.5% of HCPs), though 56.1% of PwO reported they would want to. Conclusions: HCPs' and PwO's perceptions differed significantly and need to converge through enhanced communication. A holistic approach, integrating comprehensive training for GPs and recognizing psychological comorbidities, would help to bridge perceptual gaps effectively and foster more empathetic and effective patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Salle
- Inserm, U1094, IRD, U270, EpiMaCT—Épidémiologie des Maladies Chroniques en Zone Tropicale, 2 Rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
- CHU de Limoges, Service d’Endocrinologie-Diabétologie-Maladies Métaboliques, 2 Avenue Martin Luther King, 87042 Limoges, France
| | - Olivier Foulatier
- Ligue Contre l’Obésité, 24 Rue Tronchet, 75008 Paris, France
- Clinique Croix Saint Michel, 40 Avenue Charles de Gaulle, 82000 Montauban, France
| | - Muriel Coupaye
- AFERO (Association Française d’Etude et de Recherche sur l’Obésité), 1 Avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31400 Toulouse, France
- Centre Intégré Nord Francilien de Prise en Charge de l’Obésité (CINFO), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Louis-Mourier, 92700 Colombes, France
| | - Vincent Frering
- Clinique de la Sauvegarde, Espace Médico-Chirurgical, Immeuble Trait d’Union, Entrée A29, Av des Sources, 69009 Lyon, France
| | | | - Anne-Sophie Joly
- Collectif National des Associations d’Obèses, 62 Rue Jean Jaurès, 92800 Puteaux, France
| | - Ben Braithwaite
- Sanoïa e-Health Services, 188 Av 2nd Division Blindée, 13420 Gémenos, France
| | - Fella Gharbi
- Novo Nordisk, Carré Michelet, 12 Cours Michelet, 92800 Puteaux, France (L.J.)
| | - Lysiane Jubin
- Novo Nordisk, Carré Michelet, 12 Cours Michelet, 92800 Puteaux, France (L.J.)
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Lau DCW, Patton I, Lavji R, Belloum A, Ng G, Modi R. Obesity management from the perspectives of people living with obesity in Canada: A mixed-methods study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1529-1539. [PMID: 38284284 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To identify and better understand themes related to why people living with obesity (PwO) in Canada may not use professional support and to explore potential strategies to address the challenges. METHODS One-on-one interviews and online surveys, informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework, were conducted. A total of 20 PwO were interviewed and a separate group of 200 PwO were surveyed. Results from the interviews guided the development of the survey. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to investigate the association between the theme domain scores of the PwO and their prior experience with obesity management strategies. RESULTS The 200 PwO surveyed provided representation across Canada and were diverse in age, background and gender. The most prominent domains associated with use of professional support by PwO were: Intention (rs = -0.25; p < 0.01); Social/Professional Role and Identity (rs = -0.15; p < 0.05); and Optimism (rs = -0.15; p < 0.05). For example, PwO without professional support less often reported being transparent in obesity discussions, perceived obesity to be part of their identity, and expected to manage the illness long term. Many PwO hesitated to use various adjunctive therapies due to concerns about affordability, long-term effectiveness, and side effects. CONCLUSION This study identified contextual, perception and resource considerations that contribute to healthcare decision-making and the use by PwO of professional support to manage obesity, and highlighted key areas to target with interventions to facilitate obesity management. Strategies such as consistent access to healthcare support and educational resources, as well as improved financial support may help PwO to feel more comfortable with exploring new strategies and take control of their healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C W Lau
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian Patton
- Obesity Canada, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Reena Lavji
- Novo Nordisk Canada Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adel Belloum
- Novo Nordisk Canada Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ginnie Ng
- IQVIA Solutions Canada Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Renuca Modi
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Vilarrasa N, Salvador J, Poyato F, Rubio-Herrera MÁ. Does the Prevalence of Obesity in the Different Regions of Spain Influence the Attitudes, Perception, and Barriers to Its Treatment? Obes Facts 2024; 17:264-273. [PMID: 38493779 PMCID: PMC11149964 DOI: 10.1159/000538257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The differences in the prevalence of obesity between the various regions of Spain, partly attributed to socioeconomic differences, may influence the approach to this disease. The aim of this study was to compare differences in attitudes, perception, and barriers to the treatment of obesity between people with obesity (PwO) and health care professionals (HCPs), between the different regions of Spain. METHODS Sub-analysis of the ACTION-IO Spain study, which included 1,500 PwO and 306 HCP, was performed to identify differences in PwQ and HCPs belonging to regions with high prevalence of obesity (>16%, n = 9 regions, high prevalence of obesity [HPO] group) and low prevalence of obesity (<16%, n = 8 regions, low prevalence of obesity [LPO] group) (self-reported data), according to the 2017 National Health Survey of Spain. STATISTICS comparison of proportions (χ2). RESULTS A total of 746 PwO belonged to HPO and 754 to LPO group. The PwO in HPO group were younger, had lower income, a lower level of higher education, higher unemployment rate, and fewer comorbidities. Obesity was considered a chronic disease to a higher extent in HPO compared to LPO group (62 vs. 56%), but this difference was not statistically significant. The PwO in HPO group discussed less with the HCPs about their excess weight (57 vs. 70%), did not feel motivated to lose weight in a higher percentage (26 vs. 18%), and felt less emotionally supported (16 vs. 24%). In HPO group, the preference for unhealthy food (51 vs. 36%), and the costs of healthy eating, anti-obesity drugs and bariatric surgery were perceived barriers to losing weight. A higher proportion of PwO in HPO group considered that exercise (58 vs. 40%) was more effective for achieving weight loss. In contrast, LPO group considered diet more effective (48 vs. 32%). HCPs in HPO group felt more motivated to treat obesity (83 vs. 68%) and a higher proportion (14 vs. 5%) identified the economic burden as one of the main reasons why PwO do not start conversations to lose weight. CONCLUSIONS There is less concern and conversation about excess weight in PwO in regions with a higher prevalence of obesity, with socioeconomic limitations being one of the main perceived barriers to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Vilarrasa
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- CIBER Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Salvador
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Rubio-Herrera
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, San Carlos Clinical Hospital and Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Perdomo CM, Cohen RV, Sumithran P, Clément K, Frühbeck G. Contemporary medical, device, and surgical therapies for obesity in adults. Lancet 2023; 401:1116-1130. [PMID: 36774932 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)02403-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 167.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The goal of obesity management is to improve health. Sustained weight loss of more than 10% overall bodyweight improves many of the complications associated with obesity (eg, prevention and control of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver disease, and obstructive sleep apnoea), as well as quality of life. Maintenance of weight loss is the major challenge of obesity management. Like all chronic diseases, managing obesity requires a long-term, multimodal approach, taking into account each individual's treatment goals, and the benefit and risk of different therapies. In conjunction with lifestyle interventions, anti-obesity medications and bariatric surgery improve the maintenance of weight loss and associated health gains. Most available anti-obesity medications act on central appetite pathways to reduce hunger and food reward. In the past 5 years, therapeutic advances have seen the development of targeted treatments for monogenic obesities and a new generation of anti-obesity medications. These highly effective anti-obesity medications are associated with weight losses of more than 10% of overall bodyweight in more than two-thirds of clinical trial participants. Long-term data on safety, efficacy, and cardiovascular outcomes are awaited. Long-term studies have shown that bariatric surgical procedures typically lead to a durable weight loss of 25% and rapid, sustained improvements in complications of obesity, although they have not yet been compared with new-generation highly effective anti-obesity medications. Further work is required to determine optimal patient-specific treatment strategies, including combinations of lifestyle interventions, anti-obesity medications, endoscopic and bariatric surgical procedures, and to ensure equitable access to effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M Perdomo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Metabolic Research Laboratory, CIBEROBN, ISCIII, IdiSNA, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ricardo V Cohen
- The Center for Obesity and Diabetes, Oswaldo Cruz German Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priya Sumithran
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approach research group, Nutriomics, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Metabolic Research Laboratory, CIBEROBN, ISCIII, IdiSNA, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Association between SNPs in Leptin Pathway Genes and Anthropometric, Biochemical, and Dietary Markers Related to Obesity. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13060945. [PMID: 35741707 PMCID: PMC9222344 DOI: 10.3390/genes13060945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the main public health problems in Mexico and the world and one from which a large number of pathologies derive. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of various genes have been studied and proven to contribute to the development of multiple diseases. SNPs of the leptin pathway have been associated with the control of hunger and energy expenditure as well as with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the present work focused on determining the association between anthropometric markers and biochemical and dietary factors related to obesity and SNPs of leptin pathway genes, such as the leptin gene (LEP), the leptin receptor (LEPR), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), prohormone convertase 1 (PCSK1), and the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R). A population of 574 young Mexican adults of both sexes, aged 19 years old on average and without metabolic disorders previously diagnosed, underwent a complete medical and nutritional evaluation, biochemical determination, and DNA extraction from the blood; DNA samples were subsequently genotyped. Association analyses between anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary variables with SNPs were performed using binary logistic regressions (p-value = 0.05). Although the sampled population did not have previously diagnosed diseases, the evaluation results showed that 33% were overweight or obese according to BMI and 64% had non-clinically elevated levels of body fat. From the 74 SNP markers analyzed from the five previously mentioned genes, 62 showed polymorphisms within the sampled population, and only 35 of these had significant associations with clinical variables. The risk associations (OR > 1) occurred between clinical markers with elevated values for waist circumference, waist−height index, BMI, body fat percentage, glucose levels, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, triglyceride levels, cholesterol levels, LDL-c, low HDL-c, carbohydrate intake, and protein intake and SNPs of the LEP, LEPR, PCSK1, and MC4R genes. On the other hand, the protective associations (OR < 1) were associated with markers including elevated values for insulin, HOMA-IR, cholesterol, c-LDL, energy intake > 2440 Kcal/day, and lipid intake and SNPs of the LEP and LEPR genes and POMC. The present study describes associations between SNPs in leptin pathway genes, revealing positive and negative interactions between reported SNPs and the clinical markers related to obesity in a sampled Mexican population. Hence, our results open the door for the further study of new genetic variants and their influence on obesity.
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Vázquez-Velázquez V, García García E. Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Comprehensive Care Program for People Living with Obesity: A Real-World Experience in a Public Hospital in Mexico. Obes Facts 2022; 15:774-786. [PMID: 36122569 PMCID: PMC9801369 DOI: 10.1159/000527024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Existing evidence indicates that the best treatment model for obesity leading to successful weight loss consists of a so-called comprehensive lifestyle intervention program, but the offer, implementation, and coverage of these kinds of programs for the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of people living with obesity are limited. So, the aim of this study was an evaluation of the feasibility and effectiveness of a comprehensive care program for obesity in a public tertiary hospital in Mexico. METHODS An observational, longitudinal, and retrospective study evaluated a six-month long medium-intensity comprehensive care program (seven visits focused on medical, nutritional, psychological, and psychiatric diagnosis and treatment). A total of 1,017 people living with obesity were recruited for the program. Logistic regression models were used to predict the factors associated with attendance and weight loss. RESULTS Of the 1,017 participants, 661 completed the program (65% retention rate) and attended 4.9 ± 1.9 visits each, with 40.1% losing ≥5% of their starting weight (X = 4.3 ± 4.4%). From visit 1 to visit 7, the participants that completed the program had weight decreases of Δ = -4.8 kg and body mass index (BMI) -2.3 kg/m2; p < 0.01. Each additional visit increased the likelihood of a 5% weight loss [OR 1.90, 95% CI: 1.51-2.38, p < 0.001] and 10% [OR 2.45, 95% CI: 1.49-4.02, p < 0.001], becoming statistically significant after attending more than four visits. Each additional year of age increased the likelihood of losing ≥5% body weight [OR 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03, p < 0.05] and increased the likelihood of completing the program [OR 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03, p < 0.01] after controlling for sex, weight, BMI, and psychiatric and weight loss medications. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of a six-month comprehensive program for obesity in a public hospital in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Vázquez-Velázquez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
- *Verónica Vázquez-Velázquez,
| | - Eduardo García García
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
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