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Zhong YQ, Hossain MS, Chen Y, Fan QH, Zhan SZ, Liu HY. A comparative study of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution by iron complexes of corrole and porphyrin from acetic acid and water. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-019-00307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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2
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Fast Atom Bombardment. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54398-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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3
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SRINIVASAN N, HANEY CAROLA, LINDSEY JONATHANS, ZHANG WENZHU, CHAIT BRIANT. Investigation of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry of Diverse Synthetic Metalloporphyrins, Phthalocyanines and Multiporphyrin Arrays. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(199904)3:4<283::aid-jpp132>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the utility of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) for analyzing porphyrinic compounds using a variety of different synthetic porphyrins, azaporphyrins, phthalocyanines and multiporphyrin arrays. Comparisons of spectra obtained from these analytes deposited either as neat samples or codeposited with neutral or acidic matrices have been made with the goal of identifying conditions that yield minimal demetalation, transmetalation, adduct formation and fragmentation. It was found that the molecular masses of many porphyrins can be successfully measured from neat sample preparations and do not require a matrix to facilitate desorption and ionization, although the measurement of large multiporphyrin arrays was facilitated by the use of matrices. Demetalation of magnesium porphyrins occurred in the presence of acidic matrices, but not with neutral matrices such as 1,4-benzoquinone. Positive ion spectra were obtained for each compound and negative ion spectra were also collected for the azaporphyrins and phthalocyanines. Examination of selected samples (prepared neat, with 1,4-benzoquinone, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone or α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) showed that the dominant process of ionization involved oxidation yielding the radical cation M+· rather than the protonated molecule [M+H]+. MALDI-TOF-MS is shown to be a powerful analytical tool for the characterization of diverse synthetic porphyrinic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. SRINIVASAN
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
| | - CAROL A. HANEY
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
| | - JONATHAN S. LINDSEY
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
| | - WENZHU ZHANG
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - BRIAN T. CHAIT
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Fast Atom Bombardment. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-10711-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Stults
- Protein Chemistry Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
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Alonso CM, Neves MG, Tomé AC, Silva AM, Cavaleiro JA. Reaction of (2-amino-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)nickel(II) with quinones. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Fast Atom Bombardment. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-36756-x_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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9
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Youn HS, Burkhalter RS, Timkovich R. Identification of hemes and related cyclic tetrapyrroles by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2002; 16:1147-1152. [PMID: 12112264 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has proven to be a powerful technique applicable on trace amounts for the identification of known hemes and cyclic tetrapyrroles, and for providing critical information for the structure of new and novel versions. This report describes investigations of the practical limits of detection for such bioinorganic prosthetic groups, primarily by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS), including a survey of the utility of common matrices. The lower limit of detection under favorable conditions extends to low picomole amounts. Certain derivatization techniques, such as methyl esterification and chelation to zinc, both increase the sensitivity of analyses and provide spectroscopic signatures that enable heme/cyclic tetrapyrrole ions to be identified in the presence of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Sun Youn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, AL 35487, Tuscaloosa, USA
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Krüger R, Pfenninger A, Fournier I, Gluckmann M, Karas M. Analyte incorporation and ionization in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization visualized by pH indicator molecular probes. Anal Chem 2001; 73:5812-21. [PMID: 11791549 DOI: 10.1021/ac010827r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the spreading applications of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), its fundamental understanding is still limited and under constant debate. This report focuses on the initial state of the analyte in the host matrix. pH indicator dyes serve as molecular probes since their color directly indicates their (de)protonation state. For a set of matrixes at their intrinsic pH, solution color was maintained, delivering clear proof for analyte incorporation in the solution charge state. Moreover, substantial solvent inclusion is determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. MALDI mass spectra show a clear correlation to the dye charge state. However, the dominant solution species are not observed exclusively in the mass spectra, pointing to a proton transfer or proton neutralization activity of the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Krüger
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Biocenter, Germany
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Schäfer M, Budzikiewicz H. A fast atom bombardment and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry study of doubly charged porphyrins. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2001; 36:1062-1068. [PMID: 11599084 DOI: 10.1002/jms.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this mass spectrometry (MS) study of doubly charged porphyrin salts, fast atom bombardment (FAB) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MS techniques are utilized to examine several unique ionic species. The predominant transformation of preformed doubly charged ions in the desorption/ionization mechanism of FAB and MALDI is the result of deprotonation reactions to form singly charged ions of the type [M(2+) - H(+)](+) and of one-electron reductions to form radical cations [M(2+) + e(-)](+.). The dependence of this phenomenon and the formation of a number of additional ionic species on the different matrices and the FAB-matrix additive benzoquinone is examined. The significant analogous behavior of doubly charged porphyrins in FAB- and MALDI-MS leads to the conclusion that one-electron reductions are of distinct relevance in the desorption/ionization mechanism of MALDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schäfer
- Mass Spectrometry Facilities, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University at Cologne Greinstr. 4, D-50939 Cologne, Germany.
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Domingues MR, Santana-Marques MG, Domingues P, Faustino MA, Neves MG, Cavaleiro JA, Ferrer-Correia AJ. Liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry of porphyrin dimers: reduction reactions and structural characterisation. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2000; 14:2025-2029. [PMID: 11085413 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0231(20001115)14:21<2025::aid-rcm127>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
New synthesised porphyrin dimers, with an amide or ester linkage between the two porphyrin units, were studied using liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS). The formation of reduced species was observed for all the compounds and it was found that the extent of reduction is dependent on the matrix used and on the structure of the porphyrin dimer. The main fragmentation pathways lead to monomer fragments resulting from cleavage of the amide or ester linkage between the two porphyrin units. The consistency of the fragmentations for all the dimers studied leads to the proposal of a common designation for the fragment ions. LSIMS, in addition to molecular weight determination, can provide important structural information for this type of compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Domingues
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal.
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Huang MW, Chei HL, Huang JP, Shiea J. Application of Organic Solvents as Matrixes To Detect Air-Sensitive and Less Polar Compounds Using Low-Temperature Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ac980516p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Wen Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424 Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Long Chei
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424 Taiwan
| | - Jen-Pang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424 Taiwan
| | - Jentaie Shiea
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424 Taiwan
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Matthews JC, Timkovich R, Liu MY, Le Gall J. Siroamide: a prosthetic group isolated from sulfite reductases in the genus Desulfovibrio. Biochemistry 1995; 34:5248-51. [PMID: 7711045 DOI: 10.1021/bi00015a039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
While isolating siroheme from enzymes or whole cells of Desulfovibrio species, it was discovered that the main product after metal removal and esterification was not the octamethyl ester derivative of sirohydrochlorin, but a monoamide, heptamethyl ester derivative. The structure of this derivative was established by mass spectrometry and NMR. Nuclear Overhauser enhancement measurements in combination with chemical shift analogy arguments indicate that the 2(1)-acetate has been stereospecifically amidated. Other cellular sources of siroheme were investigated, but only the octamethyl ester derivative was found, with no traces of the amide derivative. The results suggest that, in Desulfovibrio, the physiologically active prosthetic group may be an amidated form of siroheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Matthews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35487-0336, USA
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Nakata H, Arakawa N, Mizuno R. Significant differences in site of protonation and extent of fragmentations in chemical ionization and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of simple bifunctional compounds. A mechanistic implication for formation of protonated molecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210290406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Takayama M, Tanaka Y, Nomura T. Competitive formation of M+˙ and [M + H]+ ions under fast atom bombardment conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210281227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Florêncio MH, Heerma W. Behaviour of methyl red under fast atom bombardment conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210280602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tarnaud E, Robic N, Gaudemer A, Bied-Charreton C, Deprun C. Californium-252 time-of-flight mass spectrometry of synthetic porphyrins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210280213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Ha J, Hogan JD, Laude DA. Competitive ionization of tetraphenylporphyrin in a laser-generated metal ion plasma. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 1993; 4:159-167. [PMID: 24234795 DOI: 10.1016/1044-0305(93)85072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/1992] [Revised: 07/31/1992] [Accepted: 08/05/1992] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The ionization of tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) in a laser-desorbed metal ion plasma is examined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry. Competitive reaction pathways observed to generate abundant molecular ion species include electron detachment, cation attachment, charge exchange, metallation, and transmetallation in the positive ion mode and electron capture, metallation, and transmetallation in the negative ion mode. In general, cation attachment reactions dominate positive ion spectra below the laser irradiance threshold for plasma ignition, although the metallation product from [TPP](+) reaction with the metal atom, M, is observed. Negative ion products are not observed in the FT-ICR spectrum when a plasma is not formed. Under plasma ignition conditions, positive ion spectra include [TPP](+) formed by charge exchange with M(+), which is also present in the spectrum. Negative ion spectra are dominated by [TPP](-); which is formed by attachment to thermal electrons generated in the plasma. Metallation reactions involving TPP and the metal substrate are examined. Positive ion metallation products are observed both in the absence of a plasma through reaction of [TPP](+) with M and by a second pathway under plasma ignition conditions through reaction of TPP with M(+). In negative ion mode, metallation is only observed under plasma ignition conditions through reaction of [TPP](-) with M. Observation of metallated products is found to be consistent with formation of stable metal oxidation states in the metallated porphyrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 78712, Austin, TX, USA
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21
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Craig AG, Rivier JE. Metastable fragmentation of somatostatin-14 (SS-14) and a series of SS-14 analogs formed with liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry: Observation of fragment ions which involve unsymmetric disulfide bridge cleavage concomitant with peptide chain cleavage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210270503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Timkovich R, Carlin RT. A novel derivative of the prosthetic group heme d1: S-methylporphyrindione d1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1116:24-6. [PMID: 1540620 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(92)90123-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Several derivatives of heme d1 have been characterized by ultraviolet-visible, NMR, and mass spectrometry. Most arise from side reactions during the isolation of d1 from the enzyme. One, however, has now been shown to correspond to the replacement of a meso proton by an S-methyl group. Since the porphyrin is not exposed to S-methyl-containing reagents during its isolation, this raises hypotheses that it has its origin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Timkovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35487-0336
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Rubino FM, Mascaro P, Banfi S, Quici S. Structural study of Mn(III)-tetraarylporphyrin complexes by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210260311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sharp TR, Santander PJ, Ian Scott A. Intermediates in the vitamin B12 biosynthetic pathway of Propionibacterium shermanii by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Tetrahedron Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)97014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fenselau C, Heller DN, Olthoff JK, Cotter RJ, Kishimoto Y, Uy OM. Desorption of ions from rat membranes: selectivity of different ionization techniques. BIOMEDICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 1989; 18:1037-45. [PMID: 2611416 DOI: 10.1002/bms.1200181202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Complex lipid biomarkers, including phosphatidylcholines, cerebrosides and sulfatides, are shown to be desorbed intact from rat brain myelin and rat liver microsomes by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry, by plasma desorption and by laser desorption. Different polar lipids are favored by the different desorption techniques and as negative or positive ions. These selectivities support current theories about ionization for the different techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fenselau
- Department of Pharamcology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Miller JM, Balasanmugam K, Fulcher A. Ion formation in fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry: a divided probe investigation of gas-phase reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210240710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Kyranos JN, Du Sorbier BM, Wronka J, Vouros P, Kirby DP. Reduction processes in the fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of sulfonyl esters of diazonaphthalenones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210230604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Musselman B, Kessel D, Chang CK. Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of high-molecular-weight fraction of porphyrin-based photodynamic therapy drugs. BIOMEDICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 1988; 15:257-63. [PMID: 3365496 DOI: 10.1002/bms.1200150505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the treatment of tumor tissue with a photosensitizer and light to effect the delineation and/or eradication of the tumor. PDT is a two step process: (1) incorporation of photosensitizer into the cell where it must be retained by tumors in vivo; and (2) illumination of the tumor cell with light to effect cell death. Hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) is a complex mixture of porphyrins currently used for PDT in the clinical setting. Hematoporphyrin-based oligomers of up to five subunits were determined using fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the high-molecular-weight fraction of the drug. Reduction of this fraction with LiAlH4 permitted determination of the covalent bond linking the monomers in these oligoporphyrins. Application of these analytical procedures to the determination of the composition of different preparations of HPD will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Musselman
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
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Abstract
Heme d1 is the noncovalently associated heme prosthetic group of the bacterial nitrite reductase known as cytochrome cd1. Additional evidence has been obtained in support of a dioxoisobacteriochlorin, or 1,3-porphyrindione, skeleton for this heme. The new data include the natural abundance 13C NMR spectrum of the free base methyl ester derivative of d1, mass spectrometric determinations of the molecular mass of the free base methyl ester and the Cu and the Zn chelates, visible and 1H NMR spectral comparisons between d1 and synthetic porphyrindione model compounds, and the isolation and characterization of several byproducts formed during the purification of the free base methyl ester of d1. The accumulated evidence strongly supports the following structure for the skeleton of d1: 1-oxo-2-methyl-2'-acetyl-3-oxo-4-methyl-4'-acetyl-5-methyl-6-acrylyl+ ++-7- propionyl-8-methylporphyrin.
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